Group Members• Muhammad Adnan Ali 08-EE-

27• Junaid U Din 08-EE-99• Anas Razzaq 08-EE-114• Khubaib Bashir 08-EE-126• Naqash Haider 08-EE-132

COMPARISON BETWEEN JINNAH AND GANDHI

Contents• Introduction• Mr. Jinnah• Mr. Gandhi• Non-Cooperative Movement• Civil Disobedience• Round Table Conferences• Lahore Resolution• Jinnah-Gandhi Dialogue

Introduction• Jinnah & Gandhi are considered as two of

the greatest leaders of 20th century.

• One is a hero for Pakistanis and known as Quaid-e-Azam (great leader) & other is hero for India known as Mahatma (great soul).

• As far as our topic is concern we have to analyze Mr. Jinnah & Mr. Gandhi in different aspects of life.

Introduction

We will try to find out their– Struggle– Impact on people– Acceptance in society– Respect in society– Their Overall Achievements

Mr. Jinnah

• Mr. Jinnah was born in Karachi on Dec 25th 1876.

• He was educated at the SindhMadrassat-ul-Islamand the Christian Mission School

• Jinnah joined the Lincoln's Inn in1893 to become the youngestIndian Lawyer

• Three years later, he becameBombay's most famous lawyer

Mr. Gandhi• M.K. Gandhi was born in 2nd Oct 1869 in

Porbandar that was aprincely state, and Gandhi'sfather was one of its ministers

• He did his law at UniversityCollege London

• Went to Durban as a Legaladvisor

• Observed the discriminationof White and coloured

• Decided to fight against the White men

Gandhi in South Africa

• Here he started his fight for the rights of Indians in South Africa

• In south Africa he apposed the marriage rule (that only Christian marriage is legal)

• He went to jail many times in South Africa for non corporation & not obeying the rules

• He was also beaten many times in SA for not respecting British

Jinnah In Politics(1905)• Jinnah joined “Indian National

Congress”(INC) in 1905 , from here starts his political era

• Although the “All India Muslim League”(AIML) established in 1906 but it’s aim doesn’t appealed Mr. Jinnah , because its objectives included the loyalty to British govt.

• This step shows that he was a great supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity

Jinnah In AIML• After the annulment of Bengal Partition,

Muslims realized that they should have an established political platform

• Some reforms were introduced in AIML constitution

• To stabilize AIML Jinnah came forward as a leader

• At the same time he was also a memeber of AINC & Home Rule League

Gandhi Returns(1915)

• M .K.Gandhi returned sub continent in 1915,he visited different areas of India to study the condition of Indians

• joined “Home Rule League”• “Home Rule League” was an anti British party• From this step we can conclude that he

detested the British rule , and wanted Indians to rule

• We can also say that he was a true nationalist

Khilafat Movement• The Khilafat Movement was launched in India

by Ali brothers & other Islamic scholars in 1919 to protect the Turkish Caliphate from dismemberment by Britain & allies

• Gandhi supported the Khilafat Movement by saying “If I deem the Mahomedan to be my brother, it is my duty to help him in his hour of peril to the best of my ability, if his cause commends itself to me as just.” and became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee

Khilafat Movement

• On the other hand Jinnah opposed it & said: “I strongly oppose Indian Muslims engaging themselves in extra territorial affairs relating to Muslims outside India.”

• Here one finds Jinnah as a true patriot and not one guided by religious sentiments

• One can also say that Gandhi also behaved as a non sentimental leader by supporting the Khilafat Movement

• As things turned out, Gandhi did succeed in attracting Muslims closer to the Congress by supporting the Khilafat Movement

Khilafat Movement• Chagla in his book, “Roses in

December” has stated that he felt that Gandhi was wrong in trying to bring about Hindu-Muslim unity by supporting the cause of Khilafat. Such unity, he felt, was based on ‘shifting sands.’

• Whatever people say about Gandhi’s role in Khilafat movement ,he was able to won the hearts of many Muslims

Non-Cooperation Movement (1922-24)

• Along with the Khilafat Movement ,Mr. Gandhi also launched Civil Disobedience Movement

• Purpose of this movement was to

– boycott British Goods

– return the designations awarded by British

– leave the British offices

– boycott British Courts etc.

•Gandhi spun his own cloth for 2 hours a day

•spinning wheel -symbol

of Indian Resistance –

flag of INC

• India’s national flag

today.

Non-Cooperation Movement (1922-24)

• Gandhi said it would be a non- violence movement

• Jinnah totally opposed the movement and left the INC

• Jinnah predicted that it would turn out to be a violating movement

• Later on Jinnah'spoint of view wasproved when

Non-Cooperation Movement (1922-24)

Chora Chori Incident happened

• Gandhi at last called of civil disobedience

• Afterwards Mr. Gandhi called it a “Himalayan Blunder”1

• These circumstances prove the vision of Mr. Jinnah

• Gandhi once said he has not even studied the 1919 act*2

Jinnah In 1920’s• He was elected as a Muslim member in

new CLA (1923)

• He worked very hard

• He was offered knighthood by Lord Reading

• His martial life was disturbed

• Accepted the challenge of Simon

• The Famous ‘Fourteen Points’

Fourteen Points• Jinnah gave the constitutional solution for

the subcontinent in reply of Nehru report

• In which he demanded the rights for the Muslims & other minorities

• Both Hindus and Muslims rejected each others constitutional proposals

Civil Disobedience(1930-34)

• Gandhi launched the civil disobedience movement

• Purpose of the movement was to not obey the British rule

• He refused to pay tax and launched The Famous Salt March

Salt March• In 1930 Gandhi organized a unique march

to freed Indians from British Taxes

• Act of protest against theBritish salt tax

Salt March

• Gandhi and followers walked from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat

• The march was 200 miles long March lasted about a month

Reasons• British government was putting a tax on

salt

• No Indian could sell salt in their own country

• Only British were allowed

• Indians were discriminated

Results• Gandhi made salt illegally by boiling a lump

of mud and salt in seawater

• From then on, salt was made illegally by almost everyone

• Gandhi showed the world a new way to protest known as Satyagraha – there was no violence involved

• As a result Gandhi and 50,000 followers were arrested

Round Table Conferences• Round Table Conferences were held in

London• Objective of the conference was to frame

the future constitution for India• Both Gandhi and Mr. Jinnah attended the

round table conference• But these efforts went in vein• After the failure of the Round Table

Conferences, Jinnah returned to London for a few years

Jinnah’s Return

• Great efforts of Mr. Iqbal and other AIML Leaders • Jinnah at last returned• Jinnah began to re-organize the party

Gandhi’s Resignation• He was arrested when he returned India• 1934 Gandhi resigns from the Indian

National Congress because he didn’t feel they were sincere about non-violence

• Replaced as leader by Jawaharlal Nehru• 1936 he established himself in the remote

village of Segaon (Sevagram) in the middle of India – called an “Ashram”/ hermitage

Absence of Gandhi

• Due to absence of Gandhi, the extremist Hindus dominated the Congress

• In 1937, Hindu extremist won general election

• Muslims were tortured and their rights were stabbed by Hindus

Gandhi Back in Politics

• In 1939, Gandhi again returned to active political life because of the pending federation of Indian principalities with the rest of India.

Lahore Resolution(1940)

• In his presentational speech Jinnah demanded a separate state on the basis two nation theory

• On 23rd March a resolution was unanimous passed known as Lahore Resolution

• Lahore resolution was first step towards the achievement of Pakistan

Civil Disobedience II

• Second era of Civil Disobedience was started in1941 by congress

• Congress thought that it is good time to pressurize British to leave India as they were losing the WAR-II

• Mr. Gandhi started the Quit India Movement

Quit India Movement

• The Congress passed the Quit India Movement in 1942.

• During the Quit India movement, Gandhi declared

“I want freedom immediately, this very night before dawn if it can be had….”

• Gandhi, Nehru and thousands of supporters were imprisoned, and the Indian National Congress was outlawed.

Jinnah-Gandhi Dialogue

• On July 1944, Gandhi wrote a letter to Jinnah in which he expressed his desire to meet him

• Jinnah asked the AIM for permission for this meeting. The League readily acquiesced

• In 1944,Jinnah and Gandhi held meetings for settlement of Hindu-Muslim differences• Failed as Gandhi supported one nation theory

but Jinnah was a great supporter of two nation theory

General Election

• Jinnah always claimed that Muslim league is the only party that represent Muslims

• His claim was proved in 1946 general election as AIM won 100% seats in CLA and majority in PA

Partition Of Subcontinent• On August,14th 1947 the subcontinent was

divided into two independent sovereign states

•Pakistan and•India

• Lord Mountbatten became the first governor general of India

• He showed interest in becoming governor general of Pakistan

• But Jinnah decided that he himself will become governor general of Pakistan

Death• Sadly Mr. Gandhi was assassinated by a

Hindu extremist on January 30th 1948• Mr. Jinnah died of Tuber clauses on

September,11th 1948

• A writer said,

"Gandhi died by the hands of an assassin; Jinnah died by his

devotion to Pakistan".

References• “Myth and Reality”

By Prof. Waheed-uz-zaman• “Jinnah India-Partition-Independence”

By Jaswant Singh• “Recollections and Reflections”

By Chimanlal Setalved• “Quaid –i-Azam as seen by his

Contemporaries”By Jamil-ud-din Ahmed

• Encarta Encyclopedia

Any Queries ???

Question ???

Were Jinnah and Gandhi’s beliefs so different that their goals could not be

achieved if they work together? Use examples of their beliefs to prove

your opinion.