Initial Environmental Examination

March 2014

PAK: Rawalpindi Wholesale Market Project

Prepared by Agricultural Marketing Department, Government of Punjab for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS as of 28 March 2014

Currency unit - Pak Rupees (Pak Rs.)

1.00 - $0.01

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank SPS SIA

Safeguard Policy Statement Social Impact Assessment

DoF Department of Forests EA Environmental Assessment EARF Environment Assessment Review Framework EAAC Environmental Assessment Advisory Committee EPA Environmental Protection Agency EIA Environment Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan PPDD Punjab Planning and Development Department EA Executing Agency IA Implementing Agency PAMD Punjab Agricultural Marketing Department PMU Project Management Unit SC Steering Committee AS Assistant Secretary GoP GOP

Government of Punjab Government of Pakistan

PICC Project Implementation Coordination Committee IEE Initial Environmental Examination km Kilometer tpd Tons per day LAA Land Acquisition Act (of 1984) LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan Leq Equivalent sound pressure level NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NGO Non Governmental Organization O&M Operation & Maintenance PC PAP

Public consultation Project Affected Person

PEPA Punjab Environmental Protection Agency PEPAct Pakistan Environment Protection Act 1997 RP Resettlement Plan

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Project Background ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 Environmental Category of the Project ............................................................... 1

1.3 Methodology of IEE Study .................................................................................. 1

2 Policy and Legal Framework ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 General .............................................................................................................. 4

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................ 4

2.3 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA ................................ 4

2.4 Regulatory Clearances, Punjab EPA .................................................................. 4

2.5 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA .................................. 5

2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 ................................... 5

2.7 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 ................................................ 5

2.8 Interaction with Other Agencies .......................................................................... 6

2.9 Provincial EPAs .................................................................................................. 6

2.10 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife .................................................. 6

2.11 Provincial Governments ..................................................................................... 6

2.12 Other Environment Related Legislations ............................................................ 6

3 Description of the Project.......................................................................................... 10

3.1 Justification and Need for Project ..................................................................... 10

3.2 Objectives of Project ........................................................................................ 10

3.3 Proposed Project Activities ............................................................................... 10

3.3.1 Design of Market ........................................................................................ 11

3.4 Key Components of Project .............................................................................. 13

3.4.1 Construction and Operation of Wholesale Market ....................................... 13

3.4.2 Strategy for improving Market Operations and Discipline ........................... 13

3.5 Implementation Arrangement ........................................................................... 13

3.5.1 Implementation Management and Execution .............................................. 13

3.5.2 Implementation Schedule ........................................................................... 14

3.6 Sources of Construction Material...................................................................... 14

3.7 Construction Camps and Work Force ............................................................... 15

3.8 Machinery Requirement ................................................................................... 15

4 Description of Environment ...................................................................................... 18

4.1 General ............................................................................................................ 18

4.2 Physical Resources .......................................................................................... 18

4.2.1 Topography ................................................................................................ 18

4.2.2 Climate ....................................................................................................... 18

4.2.3 Geology and Soils ...................................................................................... 18

4.2.4 Siesmology ................................................................................................. 18

4.2.5 Surface and Groundwater........................................................................... 19

4.2.6 Noise .......................................................................................................... 20

4.3 Ecological Resources ....................................................................................... 20

4.3.1 Flora ........................................................................................................... 20

4.3.2 Fauna (Regional) ........................................................................................ 21

4.4 Human and Economic Development ................................................................ 21

4.4.1 Adjacent Communities ................................................................................ 21

4.4.2 Administrative Setup ................................................................................... 22

4.4.3 Religion ...................................................................................................... 22

4.4.4 Languages ................................................................................................. 22

4.4.5 Occupations ............................................................................................... 22

4.4.6 Education ................................................................................................... 22

4.4.7 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage ......................................................... 22

4.4.8 Health Care ................................................................................................ 23

4.4.9 Energy Supplies ......................................................................................... 23

4.4.10 Communication .......................................................................................... 23

4.4.11 Community and the new market ................................................................. 23

4.4.12 Cold Storage Facilities ................................................................................ 23

4.5 Climate Vulnerability of Project ......................................................................... 23

5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................... 25

5.1 Design/Pre-Construction Phase ....................................................................... 25

5.1.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement ............................................................ 25

5.1.2 Power Transmission Line RoW................................................................... 25

5.1.3 Widening of Narrow Access Point to Site .................................................... 26

5.1.4 Development of Effluent/Sewage disposal system ..................................... 26

5.1.5 Protection of Nullah at Project site .............................................................. 26

5.2 Construction Phase .......................................................................................... 27

5.2.1 Construction Noise ..................................................................................... 27

5.2.2 Dust Emissions ........................................................................................... 28

5.2.3 Camp effluent ............................................................................................. 29

5.2.4 Water Sourcing ........................................................................................... 29

5.2.5 Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust ................................................................. 30

5.2.6 Soil Contamination ..................................................................................... 30

5.2.7 Drainage and Storm Water Run-off ............................................................ 31

5.2.8 Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management ................................. 31

5.2.9 Historical/Archaeological Sites ................................................................... 32

5.2.10 Vegetation and Wildlife Loss ...................................................................... 32

5.2.11 Community Safety ...................................................................................... 32

5.2.12 Employment Conflicts ................................................................................. 33

5.3 Operation Phase .............................................................................................. 34

5.3.1 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................... 34

5.3.2 Effluent and Sewage .................................................................................. 34

5.3.3 Noise Levels ............................................................................................... 34

5.3.4 Emissions ................................................................................................... 35

5.3.5 Water resources ......................................................................................... 35

5.3.6 Socio economic impacts ............................................................................. 36

6 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan .................................................. 38

6.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 38

6.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) .......................................................... 38

6.3 Objectives of EMP ............................................................................................ 38

6.4 Environmental Management/Monitoring and Reporting .................................... 39

6.5 Institutional Arrangements ................................................................................ 39

6.5.1 Role of AMD ............................................................................................... 40

6.5.2 Role of Project Director .............................................................................. 40

6.5.3 Role of Project Contractor .......................................................................... 40

6.6 Environmental Performance Indicators ............................................................. 40

6.7 Monitoring Parameters ..................................................................................... 41

6.8 Environmental Training .................................................................................... 41

6.8.1 Capacity Building and Training ................................................................... 41

6.9 Environmental Management Costs ................................................................... 46

7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure ..................................................... 54

7.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 54

7.2 Identification of Main Stakeholders ................................................................... 54

7.3 Approach for Public Consultation ..................................................................... 54

7.4 Meetings with Stakeholders .............................................................................. 54

7.5 Stakeholders Concern ...................................................................................... 54

8 Grievance Redress Mechanism ................................................................................ 56

8.1 General ............................................................................................................ 56

8.2 Redress Committee, Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and Monitoring 56

9 Conclusions and Recommendations ....................................................................... 59

10 References ................................................................................................................. 60

ANNEXURES

Annexure-I Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Annexure-II NEQS Guidelines and WHO Standards

Annexure-III Photographs of Project Area

Annexure-IV List of Participants of Public Consultations

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project relates to the establishment of a modern wholesale fruit and vegetable market. The project site is located 26 km to the south of Rawalpindi city, along the Grand Trunk road/National Highway (N-5), in a rural area 8 km off the town of Rawat. An area of approximately 991 kanals (123.8 acres) has been identified for the project development.

Existing primary and secondary data on ambient noise levels, water resources, flora, fauna and information from pre-feasibility study conducted for this and other projects of similar nature were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. Field visits were undertaken and key receptors and stakeholders within the project area (1 km radius of the project site) were identified.

No significant adverse environmental impacts have been predicted with the expected negative impacts being local in nature and low in magnitude. There are very few possibilities of adverse impacts on the physical, biological or socio-economic environment of project area. The project is also expected to produce a large number of positive benefits on the overall community uplift of the area.

Although limited in magnitude, there are some possibilities of producing adverse environmental impacts, which must be mitigated at the earliest. The limiting of noise levels during construction and operation of the project, proper disposal of solid and liquid waste through sewage system development, preservation of air quality by limiting dust and toxic gas emissions from equipment and vehicle exhaust as well as ensuring community safety are some of the measures prescribed for the mitigation of impacts. Similarly, construction activities in close and active participation of local communities and capacity development of all project staff to implement recommended mitigation measures are also prescribed.

An action plan with clear roles and responsibilities of stakeholders has been provided in the report. The AMD, Contractors and the Construction Supervision Consultant are the major stakeholders responsible for the action plan. The action plan must be implemented prior to commencement of construction work.

Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring conducted during construction and operation to ensure that all measures in the EMP are implemented and to determine whether the environment is protected as intended. This will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries, and any requirements for remedial action will be reported.

Therefore, the proposed wholesale market development is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts. The potential adverse impacts that are associated with design, construction, and operation can be mitigated to standard levels without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of this IEE, the classification of the Project as Category ‘B’ is confirmed. It is concluded that the proposed project should proceed, with appropriate mitigation measures and monitoring programs identified in the IEE.

As a result of this IEE study, it has been determined that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected. The project falls under the Category ‘B’ of ADB's Guidelines and thus an IEE is sufficient.

1 Introduction

1.1 Project Background

1. The project relates to the establishment of a modern wholesale fruit and vegetable market. The project site is located 26 km to the south of Rawalpindi city, along the Grand Trunk road/National Highway (N-5), in a rural area 8 km off the town of Rawat. An area of approximately 991 kanals (123.8 acres) has been identified for the project development. Figure 1.1 below depicts the general location of the project while Figure 1.2 shows the project area. 2. Through ADB financial support, the Government of Pakistan intends to develop this project and demonstrate a way to upgrade horticultural marketing at this critical wholesale node of the value chain with 85 percent of all horticultural produce flowing through it. The project will be designed to handle a projected throughput of 6,000 tons per day (tpd) by 2015 and, with expansion, to handle an estimated throughput of 10,500 tpd by 2020. 3. This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report presents the screening of potential environmental impacts of the proposed project and contains the mitigation measures in order to eliminate or reduce the negative impacts to an acceptable level, describes the institutional requirements and provides an environmental management plan.

1.2 Environmental Category of the Project

4. According to ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009, a Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist was prepared (Annexure-I). The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency’s “Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports (2000)” were also consulted. Based on the initial findings, it was ascertained that only insignificant adverse environmental impacts are expected due to development of the proposed market, and thus the subject project is considered environmentally “B” category. Therefore, an IEE has been conducted.

1.3 Methodology of IEE Study

5. The following methodology was employed for this IEE: 6. Existing secondary data such as baseline information on water resources, flora, fauna and information from pre-feasibility study conducted for this and other projects of similar nature were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. 7. Field visits were undertaken consisting of preliminary scoping through survey and assessment activities to establish the potential impacts and categorization of activities and the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) was completed. The key receptors and stakeholders within the project area (1 km radius of the project site) were identified. 8. Primary data collection such as ambient noise levels at key receptor locations within a 1 km radius of the site was carried out. 9. Public consultations (PC) were carried out with all key stakeholders, particularly local communities residing in the project area and squatters resident on the project site in line with ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) – June 2009”/ Environmental Assessment

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Guidelines. Under ADB requirements, the environmental assessment process must also include meaningful public consultation during the completion of the draft IEE. In this IEE, the Public Consultation process included verbal disclosure regarding the project development as a vehicle for discussion. Consultations were conducted with local communities, all affected households, local fruit and vegetable trade associations, government and local government bodies. 10. The significance of impacts from the proposed project were then assessed and for those impacts requiring mitigation, suitable measures were proposed to reduce impacts to within acceptable limits as per local and international applicable regulations. 11. A detailed environmental management and monitoring plan was developed to ensure compliance to the proposed measures during the project development.

Figure: 0.1: General Location of Project

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Figure: 0.2: Project Area Map

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2 Policy and Legal Framework 2.1 General

12. This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that applies to the proposed project. The project is expected to comply with all national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan, and to obtain all the regulatory clearances required.

2.2 National Policy and Legal Framework

13. The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) that was approved by the federal cabinet in March 1992 is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the country (EUAD/IUCN, 1992). The NCS outlines the country's primary approach towards encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and improving efficiency in the use and management of resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of Pakistan's natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the context of the proposed project are pollution prevention and abatement and increasing energy efficiency while conserving biodiversity. 14. Prior to the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was the governing law for environmental conservation in the country. Under PEPA 1997 the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and Pak EPA were primarily responsible for administering PEPA 1997. Post the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the subject of environment was devolved and the provinces have been empowered for environmental protection and conservation. Subsequently, the Punjab government amended PEPA 1997 as Punjab Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act 2012, and Punjab EPA (PEPA) is responsible for ensuring the implementation of provisions of the Act in Punjab’s territorial jurisdiction. PEPA is also required to ensure compliance with the NEQS and establish monitoring and evaluation systems.

2.3 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

15. Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the PEPA (1997), a project falling under any category specified in Schedule I of the IEE/EIA Regulations (SRO 339 (I0/2000), requires the proponent of the project to file an IEE with the concerned provincial EPA. Projects falling under any category specified in Schedule II require the proponent to file an EIA with the provincial agency, which is responsible for its review and accordance of approval or request any additional information deemed necessary.

2.4 Regulatory Clearances, Punjab EPA

16. In accordance with provincial regulatory requirements, an IEE/EIA satisfying the requirements of the Punjab Environmental Protection Act (2012) is to be submitted to Punjab environmental protection agency (PEPA) for review and approval, and subsequent issuance of NOC before the commencement of construction.

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2.5 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

17. The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of development projects. The guidelines that are relevant to the proposed project are listed below: Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan, EPA1997; Guidelines for Public Consultations; Pakistan EPA May 1997.

2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000

18. The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000, specify the following standards:

i. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities, and the sea (three separate sets of numbers);

ii. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emissions from industrial sources;

iii. Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous emissions from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles;

iv. Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles.

19. These standards apply to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged by

batching plants, campsites and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles will apply

during the construction as well as operation phase of the project. Standards for ambient air

quality have also been prescribed.

2.7 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

20. The Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 requires that environmental considerations be incorporated into ADB’s funded project to ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impacts and be environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local population should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS. A Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) to receive application and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance is also established and provided in Chapter 8. 21. All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine environmental assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken using Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklists, consisting of questions relating to (i) the sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental resources in project area, and (ii) the potential for the project to cause significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects are classified into one of the following environmental categories:

i. Category A: A proposed project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area lager than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required.

ii. Category B: A proposed project is classified as category B if its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases

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mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

iii. Category C: A proposed project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

iv. Category FI: A proposed project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB funds to or through a financial intermediary (FI).

22. As a result of the completion of the REA checklist, the project has been classified as Category ‘‘B’’ and thus a detailed and comprehensive IEE study has been prepared including the EMP.

2.8 Interaction with Other Agencies

23. The Agricultural Marketing Department (AMD), GOP is responsible for ensuring that the project complies with the laws and regulations controlling the environmental concerns of the wholesale market construction and operation and that all preconstruction requisites, such as permits and clearances are met. This section describes the nature of the relationship between the AMD and concerned departments.

2.9 Provincial EPAs

24. AMD will be responsible for providing the complete environmental documentation required by the PEPA and remain committed to the approved project design. No deviation is permitted during project implementation without prior and explicit permission of the PEPA.

2.10 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife

25. No uprooting or clearing of trees is expected for the proposed project. However, any removed trees or vegetation under private ownership will be compensated as per provision that in case of disruption to vegetation or trees, the project contractor will be responsible for acquiring a 'No-Objection Certificate' (NOC) from the concerned forest department. The application for an NOC will need to be endorsed by the AMD.

2.11 Provincial Governments

26. The AMD and its contractors must ensure that the project meets the criteria of provincial/district governments as related to the establishment of construction camps and plants, and the safe disposal of wastewater, solid waste, and toxic materials. AMD will coordinate and monitor environment related issues.

2.12 Other Environment Related Legislations

27. Table 2.1 provides a summary of all legislations, guidelines, conventions and corporate requirements.

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Table: 0.1: Environmental Guidelines and Legislations

Legislation/Guideline Description

Punjab Environmental

Protection Act, 2012

Post adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the subject of environment was devolved and the provinces have been empowered for environmental protection and conservation. Subsequently, the Punjab government amended PEPA 1997 as Punjab Environmental Protection Act 2012, and Punjab EPA (PEPA) is responsible for ensuring the implementation of provisions of the Act in Punjab’s territorial jurisdiction. PEPA is also required to ensure compliance with the NEQS and establish monitoring and evaluation systems.

Pakistan Environmental

Protection act (PEPA)

1997

Basic legislative tool empowering the Government of Pakistan

to frame and enforce regulations for the protection of environment. The PEPA 1997 is broadly applicable to air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution, and handling of hazardous wastes. Penalties have been prescribed for those contravening provisions of the Act. Under section 12 of the PEPA 1997, no project involving construction activities or any change in the physical environment can be undertaken unless an IEE or EIA is conducted and a report submitted to the federal or provincial EPA.

Pakistan Environmental

Protection Agency

Review of IEE and EIA

Regulations, (2000)

The Regulation classifies projects on the basis of expected degree of adverse environmental impacts and lists them in two separate schedules. Schedule I lists projects that may not have significant environmental impacts and therefore require an IEE. Schedule II lists projects of potentially significant environmental impacts requiring preparation of an EIA. The Regulations also require that all projects located in environmentally sensitive areas require preparation of an EIA. It also lists projects not requiring either an EIA or an IEE.

National Environmental

Quality Standards (1993

and 2000)

The NEQS specify standards for industrial and municipal effluents, gaseous emissions, ambient air requirements and emission levels for Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide, vehicular emissions and noise levels. The PEPA specifies the imposition of a pollution charge in case of non-compliance with the NEQS. The standards were last revised in 2000.

National Environmental

Policy (2005) (NEP)

NEP is the primary policy of Government of Pakistan addressing environmental issues. The broad Goal of NEP is, “to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s environment in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens through sustainable development”. The NEP identifies a set of sectoral and cross-sectoral guidelines to achieve its goal of sustainable development. It also suggests various policy instruments to overcome the environmental problems throughout the country.

Land Acquisition Act,

1894 Including Later

Amendments

The Land Acquisition Act, 1894, is a “law for the acquisition of land needed for public purposes and for companies and for determining the amount of compensation to be paid on account of such acquisition”. The exercise of the power of acquisition has been limited to public purposes. The principles laid down for the determination of compensation, as clarified by judicial pronouncements made from time to time, reflect the anxiety of the law-giver to compensate those who have been deprived of property,

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Legislation/Guideline Description

adequately. The land needed for the construction of the market will be acquired under normal conditions based on prevailing market prices or negotiated prices between AMD and owners of the land. Section 17(4) of the LAA will not be used in the absence of an emergency. Instead, the land will be purchased under willing-seller willing-buyer deal at agreed upon market rates and the seller will have the option not to sell the land, in case an acceptable deal for both the parties is not reached.

The Forest Act (1927)

The Act empowers the provincial forest departments to declare any forest area as reserved or protected. It empowers the provincial forest departments to prohibit the clearing of forest for cultivation, grazing, hunting, removing forest produce, quarrying and felling, lopping and topping of trees, branches in reserved and protected forests. No protected forest is situated in the Project area.

Punjab Wildlife

Protection Ordinance,

1972

It empowers the government to declare certain areas reserved for the protection of wildlife and control activities within in these areas. It also provides protection to endangered species of wildlife. As no activities are planned in these areas, no provision of this law is applicable to the proposed project.

The Antiquities Act

(1975)

It ensures the protection of Pakistan’s cultural resources. The Act defines “antiquities” as ancient products of human activity, historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest, national monuments, etc. The Act is designed to protect these antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation, trade, and export. The law prohibits new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers the GOP to prohibit excavation in any area that may contain articles of archaeological significance. Under the Act, the subproject proponents are obligated to ensure that no activity is undertaken in the proximity of a protected antiquity, report to the Department of Archaeology, GOP, any archaeological discovery made during the course of the project.

Canal and Drainage Act

(1873)

This Act prohibits corruption or fouling of water in canals (defined to include channels, tube wells, reservoirs and water courses), or obstruction of drainage.

Pakistan Penal Code

(1860)

It authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary corruption or fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to make them less fit for ordinary use.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

National Conservation

Strategy

Before the approval of NEP, the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was considered as the Government’s primary policy document on national environmental issues. At the moment, this strategy just exists as a national conservation program. The NCS identifies 14 core areas including conservation of biodiversity, pollution prevention and abatement, soil and water conservation and preservation of cultural heritage and recommends immediate attention to these core areas.

Biodiversity Action Plan The plan recognizes IEE/EIA as an effective tool for identifying and assessing the effects of a proposed operation on biodiversity.

Environment and There is a well-established framework for environmental

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Legislation/Guideline Description

Conservation management in Pakistan. The Ministry of Environment deals with environment and biological resources. Within the ministry, the NCS unit established in 1992 is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the strategy. Two organizations, the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and the Pak EPA are primarily responsible for administering the provisions of the PEPA, 1997. The PEPC oversees the functioning of the Pak EPA. Its members include representatives of the government, industry, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. The Pak EPA is required to ensure compliance with the NEQS, establish monitoring and evaluation systems, and both identify the need to and institution of legislations whenever necessary. It is thus the primary implementing agency in the hierarchy. The Provincial Environmental Protection Agencies are formed by the respective provinces.

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

The Convention on

Conservation of

Migratory Species of

Wild Animals (1981.21)

The Convention requires countries to take action to avoid endangering migratory species. The term "migratory species" refers to the species of wild animals, a significant proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries. The parties are also required to promote or cooperate with other countries in matters of research on migratory species. There are no endangered species of plant life or animal life in the vicinity of the Project.

Convention on

International Trade in

Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora

(1973)

The convention requires Pakistan to impose strict regulation (including penalization, confiscation of the specimen) regarding trade of all species threatened with extinction or that may become so, in order not to endanger their survival further.

International Union for

Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources

Red List (2000)

Lists wildlife species experiencing various levels of threats internationally. Some of the species indicated in the IUCN red list are also present in the wetlands of Pakistan.

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 provides guidelines for environmental assessments of development projects. These guidelines help prospective projects identify impacts they will have on various environmental receptors. The guidelines call for carrying out EIAs or IEEs of projects based on severity of their impacts.

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3 Description of the Project 3.1 Justification and Need for Project

28. There is no wholesale market for fruits and vegetables in Rawalpindi district. The absence of a functioning market has resulted in the evolution of a traditional marketing system with well-entrenched intermediaries. This offers an opportunity to establish a modern wholesale market with transparent mechanisms and quality control. It will also be easier to install modern systems than in areas where commission agents are well entrenched and enjoy unchallenged power over the marketing chains. 29. The project interventions focus on improving produce quality, value adding and produce loss recovery through quality price differentiation and damage resistant post-harvest handling. The main intervention is the construction and operation of a modern wholesale market complex with a transparent price discovery and transaction mechanism. Concurrent with the market development, there will be a parallel effort to reform the legal underpinning of market operations through boosting private sector participation and reducing the role of government. 30. It is estimated that some one million consumers will benefit directly from the development of backward and forward linkages that will be created by the project. Consumers will be able to acquire improved produce at lower cost over the present marketing conditions where intermediaries add cost but no value to the horticultural marketing system.

3.2 Objectives of Project 31. The project’s objective is to support economic growth and employment generation through agricultural marketing development. The outcome is to develop a competitive and sustainable agricultural marketing sector.

3.3 Proposed Project Activities

32. Construction of the market comprising of four modules with the peak capacity of throughput of fruits and vegetables in a 24-hour shift as follows:

i. Module-1, 2,000 ton/day 170trucks in 400 trucks out ii. Module-2, 1,500 ton/day 125 trucks in 300 trucks out iii. Module-3, 2,000 ton/day 170 trucks in 400 trucks out iv. Module-4, 1,500 ton/day 125 trucks in 300 trucks out

33. Following completion of all four modules, the total throughput capacity of the market will be 7000 tons per day, sufficient to cater approximately to 8-10 million people of Rawalpindi - Islamabad area in the year 2015 as well as supply to other markets. After the year 2020, another module might be necessary to keep pace with consumption needs. As this market is a terminal market, the facility will mainly function as a supply node to other areas and to export markets.

34. Further expansion is always possible as the design offers great flexibility to respond to

changing conditions.

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3.3.1 Design of Market

35. After completion of the basic structure (module-1), the market can start operating. At the same time, after start-up of module-1, the next modules will be built. The general concept is that module-1 contains the basic infrastructure with the loading and unloading ramps, auction hall, cold stores, grading and packing facilities, offices, retail distribution center, etc. Module-1 will also include all facilities, necessary automation, digital auction clock, software, computer controlled administration, product coding systems etc. 36. This basic unit will handle all kinds of fruits and vegetables. However, as soon as module-2 is completed, voluminous produce like potatoes and onions will be handled in the add-on module and the other fruits and vegetables will be processed in the module-1. As soon as module-3 is completed, the marketing of fruits and vegetables will be separated. Module-3 contains another auction hall, grading line etc. to handle the flow and increase the capacity. In this manner, the hardware will be designed and dedicated to these products in order to optimize the handling of the produce. 37. The entire infrastructure and systems are designed to create maximum transparency for all parties involved. This market concept will include only wholesale marketing without retail distribution within the boundary walls of the market. However, either the government or the private sector will likely invest in whole retail shop outlets near the perimeter walls of the wholesale market or within the consumption nodes of the supply chain. These facilities and plots will be sold directly or on auction to commission agents and/or wholesalers. More logically retail markets should be positioned near to the consumer and not outside of the city. 38. The total land area to accommodate module-1 in the proposed market is approximately 20 hectares. This includes all buildings, roads, unloading areas, weighbridges, parking places etc. Each extra module will require an additional 3-4 hectares of additional space. The complete project will need 30 hectares of land area. 39. For handling, storage and transshipment of fruit and vegetables, the following covered area is needed for the full project of 4 modules:

Receiving area 14,290 m2 Buffer before auction 1,600 m2 Auction hall 1,600 m2 Buffer after auction 1,600 m2 Distribution area 13,380 m2 Distribution area small trucks 1,200 m2 Auction facilities etc. 1,000 m2 Cold stores 4,550 m2 Packing and grading 4,800 m2 Offices total 4,850 m2 Others Weighbridge and security offices 300 m2 Facilities buildings at the parking 925 m2 Paved roads, parking etc.(Approx) 72,600 m2

40. The total covered area requirement is approximately 44,400 m2 of acclimatised roof covered space available at the full project of 4 modules of the new market.

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41. Inside and also outside of the auction premises are large facilities for the personnel, truck drivers and visitors (restaurants, small shops, banks, etc). All facilities such as offices, restaurants, banks, shops etc. will be rented out to the users and operated as private businesses. The layout designs are provided in figures 3.1 and 3.2 with a detailed schematic of the layout of the market provided as figure 3.3 below.

Figure: 0.1: Weigh Bridges and Loading and Unloading docks at the Wholesale Market

Figure 0.2: Truck and car park with facilities at the Wholesale Market

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3.4 Key Components of Project

3.4.1 Construction and Operation of Wholesale Market

42. The project will establish a wholesale market near Rawalpindi, based on modern whole market models from around the world. The selection of the market location is based on produce volumes and transactions, market flow linkages, regional coverage and market categories. The proposed market will be one of the country’s largest terminal market operations following construction and commissioning. 43. The newly established market will be endowed with strict process sequencing and optimal space allocation to streamline process flows through the market. The proposed new market will include: (i) the ” Combi” auction system with auction clocks, (ii) job descriptions for market operatives and employees, (iii) manual/electric trolleys, (iv) cold stores, (v) grading lines, (vi) parking and loading/unloading facilities operating in tandem with grade standardization for produce quality and (vii) improved packaging to reduce transport and handling losses. The market will be completely operated by the private sector. 44. The construction sequence will be modular to allow for facility expansion to keep pace with demand. The initial module (module 1) contains the basic infrastructure with the loading and unloading ramps, auction hall, cold stores, grading and packing facilities, offices, retail distribution centre, etc. Module 1 will also include all necessary automation, digital auction clock, software, computer controlled administration, product coding systems, etc.

3.4.2 Strategy for improving Market Operations and Discipline

45. The market will operate according to an established protocol of 18 sequential steps from produce reception through auctioning, grading/sorting, cooling, packaging and dispatch to onward destinations in other wholesale/retail shops and export nodes. The discipline of the market will be further reinforced by requiring the use of market membership of all buyers and sellers and restricting access to produce which meets established grades and standards.

3.5 Implementation Arrangement

3.5.1 Implementation Management and Execution

46. The Punjab Planning and Development Department (PPDD) will be the Executing Agency (EA) for the Project. The Implementing Agency (IA) will be the Punjab Agricultural Marketing Department (AMD). The IA will oversee the establishment of the PMU. Once established, the project Steering Committee (SC) will be chaired by the Assistant Secretary (AS), AMD. The SC will approve the appointment of key PMU personnel; approve the annual work plan and budget; review project performance and provide guidance on required project modifications; provide policy, strategic, and regulatory advice and oversight; and facilitate coordination among the participating agencies. Appointment of PMU positions will be by competitive recruitment with equal public-private sector and gender representation. The IA will also assume responsibility for the appointment of the Project Implementation Coordination Committee (PICC). Appointments to this committee will have equal private and public sector and gender representation. The committee will meet at least every 6 months. Its responsibility will be to address and resolve implementation issues, and to advise the PMU on technical matters and the project steering committee on policy matters.

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47. Physical implementation of the construction will be undertaken through an EPC contract will a service provider selected by the Steering Committee. 48. The EPC contractor will design and construct the market and take broad responsibility for all elements of the design (engineering), construction and procurement. 49. A private sector concessionaire or management contractor will enter into a fixed service contract with the EA to operate and manage the project and will undertake operation and management of the market.

3.5.2 Implementation Schedule

50. The Project will be implemented over 5 years. Year 1 will be spent establishing the project management and implementation framework, including the PMU. The wholesale market final design, bill of quantities and bid documents with conditions of contract will be completed within 6 months of any possible loan effectiveness. Immediately upon completion of bid documentation, market procurement will commence. It is expected that market construction and commissioning will be completed within 24 months of tendering. The other components of the project, including legal and regulatory reform, institutional strengthening and project management will commence with possible loan effectiveness and continue through the duration of the project.

3.6 Sources of Construction Material

51. The sources of each of the construction materials are summarized in Table 3.1 below.

Table: 0.1: Sources of Construction Material

Material/Equipment Availability

Earth borrow material To be purchased from near by agricultural fields within 2 km

Cement Availability in the local market in Rawalpindi Concrete aggregate Availability on well known sites in Sargodha District Stone (for all purposes) Available on well known query sites in Sargodha district Bricks Available locally Reinforcing steel, C.I sheets and G.I sheets

Available locally

Sand Available locally (Ravi river sand) Railings or fence material Available locally through companies Fuel, oil lubricants Available locally through fuel distribution stations located

all along G.T Road. Earth moving equipment and machinery

Purchasable through tender, or can be hired through Contractor

Gate Construction material Available locally at Rawalpindi Cleaning and washing equipment Available locally at Rawalpindi Grading equipment To be imported along with technology Refrigeration equipment To be imported along with technology Cold Storage equipment To be imported along with technology Gas pipelines Available locally Vehicles and Transport equipment May be imported. Local vehicles are also available. Parking and traffic control Equipment

Available locally

Transmission lines, poles, wires Available locally. WAPDA supplies this when connection

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Material/Equipment Availability

and other equipment is provided. Fire Control and Fire Fighting equipment

To be imported along with technology

Sanitary equipment Available locally Quarantine equipment To be imported along with technology

3.7 Construction Camps and Work Force

52. The construction activity has to span over two and a half years. There shall be a number of contracts for a variety of works. The selected contractor shall have the option to select suitable site(s) on the open lands located on site to establish his labor camps. If private land is selected, the contractor shall enter into contract with the private owner. AMD will not be a part of such a contract but it will be ensured by it that NEQS is duly honored by the Contractor. 53. Since the work is compact in nature, the project construction will not have to be divided into further sections. The work base shall be setup by the contractor in consultation with the engineer. Essential for the work bases is easy approach, availability of a suitable place for temporary storage of material and implements and availability of water for construction in the vicinity. Presence of shade from trees close to work base can add to the comfort of the labor while taking rest during the hot season. 54. Keeping in view the compact nature of work, the camp may not have to be shifted at any time. It is not advisable for social reasons to encamp such a big group of males inside or close to any village. Yet the local market should be accessible to the labor for their day-to-day necessities.

3.8 Machinery Requirement

55. For storing materials, stocking equipment and parking machinery and vehicles, the contractor shall require open and accessible sites close to the labor camps. The Contractor, at his own expense, but keeping in view his contractual obligations to honor the NEQS regarding level of pollution, shall make the arrangements.

56. The expected machinery to be employed for the construction activity along with the respective noise ratings is provided in table 3.2 below.

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Table: 0.2: Construction Equipment Noise Ranges dB(A)

Equipment Peak Noise Range at 15.2 m

Typical Peak Sound Level

in a Work Cycle

a

Typical ‘Quieted

Equipment’ Sound Level

b

Construction Phase

Earthworks Structures Installation

Batching plant 82-86 84 81 Y

Concrete mixers 76-86 85 82 Y

Cranes 70-94 83 80 Y Y

Excavators 74-92 85 82 Y

Tractors and trolleys

77-94 88 85 Y Y Y

Water bowsers 85-93 88 85 Y Y Y

Graders 72-92 85 82 Y

Bulldozers 65-95 80 75 Y

Paver 87-89 88 80 Y

Pumps 68-72 76 75 Y Y Y

Diesel generators 72-82 78 75 Y Y Y

Vibrators 68-82 76 75 Y Y

Drilling machines 82-98 90 87 Y Y

Compressors 74-84 81 71 Y

Dumpers 77-96 88 83 Y Y Y

Road rollers 73-77 75 72 Y

Sources: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances. USEPA, 1971; http://www.waterrights.ca.gov/EIRD/text/Ch11-Noise.pdf; http://www.lacsd.org/LWRP%202020%20Facilities%20Plan%20DEIR/4_6_Noise.pdf; http://newyorkbiz.com/DSEIS/CH18Construction.pdf

Notes: a. Where typical value is not cited in literature, mean of the peak noise range is assumed b. Quieted equipment can be designed with enclosures, mufflers, or other noise-reducing features. Where data is not

available, a 3 dB reduction is assumed

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Figure: 0.3: Schematic of Wholesale Market

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4 Description of Environment

4.1 General 57. The description of various features of the project area environment including the physical, ecological, cultural and socio-economic environmental aspects are presented in the following sub-sections.

4.2 Physical Resources

4.2.1 Topography

58. The area is of late Pleistocene age derived from mixed calcareous stratification.

59. The project site consists of generally flat land will minimal vegetation cover. Only minor filling and leveling will be required as a part of the site preparation.

4.2.2 Climate 60. The project location is located in a humid subtropical climate with long and very hot summers, a monsoon and short, mild and wet winters. Rawalpindi's weather has historically been known to change rather quickly due to its proximity to Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range. The average annual rainfall is abundant at 1,106 mm (43.5 in), most of which falls in the monsoon season. However, frontal cloud bands also bring quite significant rainfall in the winter. In summers, June is the hottest while January is the coldest month of the year.

61. Throughout the year, about 89 thunderstorms are experienced, which is the highest frequency of thunderstorms in Punjab province. High volumes of rainfall are also experienced during the monsoon season. On a typical day, the city hosts windy afternoons (40 km per hour (25 mph) but usually calm to light breeze (Beaufort scale) wind conditions are observed after midnight. The mean annual wind speed of Rawalpindi is roughly 12 km per hour (7.5 mph) at 10 m standard height.

4.2.3 Geology and Soils

62. The surface layer of soil is either hard clay or brown colored loam, which is about one meter deep. It is followed by about one meter thick fine silt sand and fine sand. Below this layer, there is a six-meter layer of fine sand bed with traces of silt. The clayey topsoil has plasticity index between 6.3 and 6.9 percent. The topsoil is generally fertile and yields to multi-cropping system. N-value of soil (penetration resistance) in the area varies between 4 and 18 but on average, it is near 10. Average unconfined strength of cohesive soils varies from 0.82 and 1 ton/sft. Intermolecular cohesion for cohesive soils ranges from 1.0 and 6.8 PSI. The bearing capacity of the soil ranges between 0.700 ton/sft and 1.47 ton/sft.

4.2.4 Siesmology

63. As the project area is located towards the middle of the western part of Indian tectonic plate, it is not active seismically. However, occasionally tremors in the range of 2 and 3 on the Richter scale are experienced from time to time. The seismic zone map of Pakistan is shown in Figure 4.1 below. As can be observed, the project location lies in the green colored ‘Zone 2B’ which depicts moderate risk.

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Figure: 0.1: Seismic Zones of Pakistan

4.2.5 Surface and Groundwater

64. There is no significant surface water body present within the project area that can be used for provision of water to meet the project’s operational requirements. A rain fed nullah (rain fed stream) runs along the boundary of the project site and was observed to be dry during the site visit and has been reported to contain water during the monsoon season.

65. The nearest water body to the project location is the Nullah Lai, flowing through Rawalpindi city with a catchment area of approximately 235 km2. 66. Boring of tube wells to obtain underground water is standard practice being implemented by residents in the area to ensure continuous supply of water. Sufficient underground water reserves with rapid recharge in the project area are evident since no shortage of water has ever been experienced by the residents, even during the summer seasons despite scarcity of rains. 67. There are existing bores already present along one of the boundaries of the project site which can be utilized during the construction and operational phases of the market development to meet its requirements without any additional bores needing to be dug.

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4.2.6 Noise 68. Ambient noise levels are generally quite high in the project area due to the GT road with a high volume of traffic throughout the day with a minor reduction in traffic volume observed during nighttime. Noise level measurements along the GT road recorded at three different sampling points are shown in Figure 4.2 below. The average ambient noise level recorded along the GT road was 74 dB (A). 69. Ambient noise levels were recorded at the project site as well as at the key receptors located within the project area. Using the Type 2 portable sound meter, strict protocol was followed by ensuring the sound meter was calibrated and each measurement was obtained by holding the meter at an arm’s length until the reading stabilized. In addition, at each sampling location, three readings were obtained and then the average value calculated which are shown in Table 4.1 Also, during the measurements, readings taken during high wind speeds were discarded. 70. As a result of the measurements recorded, the average values of the ambient noise levels were obtained at the project site and key receptors within the project area and are provided in Table 4.1 below.

Table 0.1: Ambient Noise Levels at Key Receptor locations

Noise Measurement Location Average Noise Level Reading (dB (A))

Households next to project boundary 53

Dhok Kharian 52

Dhok Jamal Din 55

GT Road access point to project site 73

GT Road 74

71. A map with the depiction of the ambient average noise levels is also provided in Figure 4.2 below.

4.3 Ecological Resources

4.3.1 Flora

72. The flora present in the project area is provided in the table 4.2 below.

Table: 0.2: Existing Flora in Project Area Existing Flora

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Wheat Triticum aestium Buganvilla, Chimber Bougain villea Sorgam Sorgam Jacaranda Tree Jacaranda minosifolia Cotton Gossipium hirsuitun Mesquette/Devi Tree Prospis juliflora Maize Zea Maize Dabh Grass Desmotrachya bipinnata

Sufaida Tree Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Kikar/Babul Tree Acacia nilotica

Dharek/Bakain, Tree Melia azedarach Akk, Shrub Calotropis procera Sheesham/Talli, Tree Dalbergia sissoo Khabbal, Grass Cynodon dactylon Jaman Tree Seizium jumbolana Simal, Tree Bombax ceiba Ber Tree Zizyphus jujuba Peepal, Tree Ficus relifiosa

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Flora of Tropical Thorny Zone to be replaced Karir, Tree Prosopis spicigera Dailay, Shrub/Small

Tree Capparies aphylla

Peeloo, Tree Salvadora oboides Nalla, Shrub Zizyphus mummularia Wun, Tree Salvodora persica

4.3.2 Fauna (Regional)

73. The fauna present in the project area is provided in the table 4.3 below.

Table 0.3: Existing Fauna in Project Area

Mammals (Regional)

Common Name Scientific Name Common Name Scientific Name

Jungle Cat Felis chaus Hare/Siah Lepus nigricolus

Mongoose/Neola Herpestes anropunctatus

Ludhar/Other Lutra persipiciliata

Gheese/House Shrew

Suncus marinus Wild boar/Soor/Khinzeer

Sus scrofa

Bat/Changadar Pipistralius terwis Jachal/Gidder Canis auries Black Rat Ratus ratus Fox/Loori Vulpe bengalensis House Rat Mus musculus Hedge Hog Hemiechinus Sp. Mole Rat Bandicota

bengalensis Porcupine/She Hystrise indirca

Squirrel/Gulehri Fumbulus penanti Birds (Regional)

Dove/Common Dove

Streptophelia senegalusis

Indian Sand Martuis Riparia paludicola

Dove/Common Dove

Streptophelia tranquefabria

Indian River Term Sterna auranlia

Larks Mirfa erythroptra Black Partridge Francolinus francolinus

Larks Erimopterix grisea Common Babler/Bagla/Chakkira

Turdoides candatus

Larks Calaendrella cristata

Neel Kanth Gracius garrulous

Weaver Bird Ploceus phillipinus Grey Partridge Pyeronotus xythopygos

Jungle Pigeon Teron walia Shrieks/Lali/Myna Passeriformes Sp. Crow Corcives

abyssinica Owl Bubo africanus

Sparrow Passer Sp. Black Rock Pigeon Columbia livia Reptiles

Indian Cobra Naja naja

4.4 Human and Economic Development

4.4.1 Adjacent Communities

74. The inhabitants in the area fall into socioeconomic strata varying from poor to rich. The entire area in the vicinity of the project has 4 primary schools (2 for girls and 2 for boys), 2 secondary schools (1 for boys and 1 for girls) and 1 college for boys, mosques, health care centre, veterinary clinics and a large number of small grocery markets. The inhabitants have

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access to clean drinking water from hand pumps and motor operated pumps. There are inadequate health and sanitation facilities. Much of the area is dotted with agricultural fields which support both crop and livestock production, including cattle, goats and sheep. The majority of farmers within the immediate area appear to prefer horticulture to traditional agronomic crops. Sugarcane is raised for sugar mills. Along the G.T road, there 130 plant nurseries that supply ornamental plants all over the country.

4.4.2 Administrative Setup

75. The Project area is well connected to a number of important roads and areas of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Private cars, public transport including vans and buses are the primary means of transport within the area. There is a high volume of vehicular movement. The people of the area have an elected Nazim and Naib Nazim, a District Coordinating Officer (DCO) assisted by a Deputy District Officer (DDO) and Executive District Officer (EDO).

4.4.3 Religion

76. The project area consists primarily of Muslim communities with a few minorities residing in peace and harmony. The area has no past record of communal riots or presence of any terrorist activity within the immediate area.

4.4.4 Languages

77. The mother tongue in the area is Punjabi with Urdu spoken as the national language. Majority of the communities possess basic English skills while Pushto is also spoken to some extent.

4.4.5 Occupations

78. The majority of males and females work in agricultural field as labor. A considerable number of poor families also work on brick kilns as an inherited family profession. Others work in trade, agri-marketing and other low income professions such as cobblers, barbers, motorcycle mechanics and vendors.

4.4.6 Education

79. The literacy rates for males and females are below 40%, which is surprising considering the presence of educational institutions. There has been an increase in literacy in these communities compared to the earlier generations whose literacy rate was considerably lower.

4.4.7 Archaeological and Cultural Heritage

80. No archaeological or cultural heritage has been observed during the survey and neither was it reported. However, if at any stage any archaeological or physical heritage is discovered, it shall be managed as per established protocol from the department of Museum and Archaeology, GOP.

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4.4.8 Health Care

81. There is a Basic Health Unit (BHU) in the project area being run by the GoP. No arrangement for antenatal problems exists. There are 2 Hakims (traditional doctors) and 1 Homeopathic practitioner. The inhabitants have to travel to Rawalpindi or Islamabad as the nearest major cities if treatment is sought for any serious medical problems.

4.4.9 Energy Supplies

82. Almost all villages in the project area are connected to the WAPDA grid. Unfortunately only 20 percent of the households have been provided Sui gas connections while the remaining communities are forced to use LPG cylinders or firewood. Some poor communities also use cow dung for cooking purposes.

4.4.10 Communication

83. Majority of the community members posses cellular phones. PTCL line is present in the area but is not used commonly except in Public Call offices (PCOs). Some youth is IT literate and use desktop computers and have access to the internet. Postal service is available in all villages in the area. On special occasions, messages are also conveyed through word of mouth or on mosque loud speakers. Less than 10% of the community members have televisions at home while over 60 percent of the communities use radios to stay updated.

4.4.11 Community and the new market

84. Presently all agricultural produce, including fruit and vegetables, are taken to Islamabad for sale in the main wholesale market and for retail purposes. With poor transport and long travel distances from the farm to the market, the farmer is heavily dependent on intermediaries and commission agents to supply credit and market linkages. On average, farmers receive only 10 to 15 percent of the benefits from agricultural production and marketing. The commission agents and the middle operatives in the marketing chain cease most of the profits. During discussions with the farming communities, they were unanimous in their support for establishing of the proposed market.

4.4.12 Cold Storage Facilities

85. There is no cold storage facility in the project area. Some people in the vicinity of Rawalpindi have set up some crude and unscientifically managed cold storages that mostly store potatoes or citrus fruit. No such facility is available for all other types of fruits and vegetables.

4.5 Climate Vulnerability of Project

86. The project will be benign from a climate change perspective with no adverse impacts expected in the long term. The construction phase of the project will only last for approximately 2 years with the only sources of emissions to the environment resulting from construction related vehicle movement and equipment use. No toxic or ozone depleting gases would be emitted into the environment.

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87. Considering the nature of the proposed project, the commencement of operation of the wholesale market for fruits and vegetables shall not pose or result in any climate impact. No harmful ozone depleting gases shall be released into the environment during the project operation. The only climate related impacts expected shall be from movement of vehicles transporting traders as well as fruits and vegetables to and from the market on a daily basis. 88. In order to ensure the project remains climate friendly, it shall be made possible to incorporate green energy technologies into the project design through installation of solar panels for electricity generation as well as biogas plants to utilize the solid waste being produced for providing natural gas to the nearby communities to enable them to meet their energy needs for cooking and heating. As a result, any carbon footprint resulting from the project would be completely mitigated. 89. The activities to be conducted for development of the project or its subsequent operation are not expected to result in any increase in vulnerability to climate related impacts such as floods, cyclone winds etc. This is largely due to the nature of the project, which does not involve contribution to global warming or climate change in any way.

Figure 0.2: Map of Ambient Noise Levels at Key Receptors

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5 Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

90. This chapter presents the potential environmental impacts related to design, construction and operation phases of the proposed Project. Following is a description of the environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts, if any.

5.1 Design/Pre-Construction Phase

5.1.1 Land Acquisition and Resettlement

a. Impact

91. The land identified as the project site is presently under private ownership consisting of five private housing development companies along with a large number of individual owners. It is estimated that approximately 1200 persons will require resettlement and entitlement compensation at an estimated cost of USD 9.66 million.

b. Mitigation Measures

92. The owners of the land have expressed willingness in offering the land for sale to the Government. Thus it is expected that the land acquisition process will be concluded smoothly without any legal complications. 93. As standard practice, an extensive land acquisition and resettlement activity will be conducted in accordance with ADB’s social safeguards policy and a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) will be prepared by AMD for this project by following the LARP outline provided in the SPS 2009. Upon finalization and approval of the LARP by the ADB, the AMD will be required to fully implement it prior to taking possession of the land and commencing civil works.

5.1.2 Power Transmission Line RoW

a. Impact

94. There is a 66 kV transmission line passing through the project site at an estimated height of 12 meters. Considering the nature of the project, it poses a safety hazard keeping in view the construction of civil structures as a part of the market development along with the movement of a high volume of persons on a daily basis through the proposed market.

b. Mitigation Measures

95. The section of the transmission line passing through the project site will be elevated by 4 to 6 meters. This shall be achieved through an adjustment of the line height at all transmission towers located nearest to/lying within the project site. Also, in order to prevent excessive stress on these towers, the two subsequent towers will also have an increase in height of the line by 2 meters. This will ensure a gradual increase in elevation of the transmission line and thus prevent breakages resulting from excessive stress over the long term, particularly during windy weather conditions.

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96. As an additional control, height restrictors will be installed at the entrance of the market premises to control the height of vehicles entering it, thus ensuring no incidence of disturbance of the overhead transmission line takes place. 97. The existing transmission towers require refurbishment and repairs in order to avoid potential issues once the project is in the operational phase.

5.1.3 Widening of Narrow Access Point to Site

a. Impact

98. The existing access point to the proposed site from the GT road is quite narrow and needs to be considerably widened prior to the commencement of the construction activity to prevent traffic blockages and disturbance to surrounding communities and commuters. The existing narrow access point also poses a hazard to all pedestrians from construction vehicles and equipment commuting to and from the project site.

b. Mitigation Measures

99. The design for widening of the access point will be developed and implemented to ensure smooth flow of all traffic as well as safety of commuters and pedestrians using the access point.

5.1.4 Development of Effluent/Sewage disposal system

a. Impact

100. The existing project site does not possess any properly designed network of drains or sewers for disposal of liquid effluent and sewage, which will be particularly necessary once the project becomes operational.

101. The absence of a proper disposal system for liquid effluent and sewage will cause a significant health and environmental hazard, resulting in development of a breeding ground of disease vectors in the project area. It will also cause deterioration of living conditions for inhabitants of the area while contaminating the existing surface and groundwater water sources, with the Nullah flowing through the project site being at high risk.

b. Mitigation Measures

102. A properly designed network of drains and sewers will be designed and implemented during the construction phase to ensure once the project becomes operational, all liquid effluent and sewage is properly disposed off in an environmentally and hygienically compliant manner and does not pose a threat to the key receptors in the project area. In addition, the applicable NEQS guidelines for disposal of liquid effluent will be fulfilled.

5.1.5 Protection of Nullah at Project site

a. Impact

103. The nullah flowing through the project site contains considerable water during periods of heavy rainfall, such as during the monsoon season. It needs to be ensured that this rain fed

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stream is protected, both from contamination during project construction and operation as well as to prevent the existing drainage pattern from being disrupted.

b. Mitigation Measures

104. The part of nullah flowing through the project site shall be provided a clear and unobstructed path with this portion of the nullah concreted to enable smooth flow of water and prevent ponds from developing on the project site. 105. The part of nullah through the project site will be cordoned off with a fence with access to limited personnel during all project phases, thus preventing all possible types of contamination. 106. The existing nullah will be protected from all sorts of contamination through mitigation and monitoring measures to be implemented as a part of the effluent and solid waste management.

5.2 Construction Phase

5.2.1 Construction Noise

a. Impact

107. The project site and all key receptors in the project area are located in an environment with high ambient noise levels, as shown in Table 4.1, due to the proximity to the GT road.

108. Depending on the construction equipment used and its distance from the receptors, the community and the workers may typically be exposed to intermittent and variable noise levels. During the day, such noise results in general annoyance and can interfere with sleep during the night. In general, human sound perception is such that a change in sound level of 3 dB is just noticeable, a change of 5 dB is clearly noticeable, and a change of 10 dB is perceived as a doubling or halving of sound level. 109. The expected noise levels at any receptor 250 meters from the different construction machinery is provided in Table 5.1 below. Based on an analysis assuming the use of expected quantities of this machinery during the construction activity, the respective noise levels to be generated are provided in Table 5.2. Since this analysis is conducted using peak noise levels for each equipment assuming simultaneous use, the actual noise levels are expected to be lower than these predicted values. In addition, since the construction phase of the project is a short-term activity, the implementation of suitable mitigation measures will ensure no long-term impacts occur.

b. Mitigation Measures

110. It shall be ensured that equipment noise is reduced at source by proper design, maintenance and repair of construction machinery and equipment. Also, noise from vehicles and power generators will be minimized by use of proper silencers and mufflers.

111. Equipment emitting excessive noise in comparison with other similar equipment will not be allowed to operate and will be checked to determine if it can be improved, and replaced with less noisy equipment as soon as practicable.

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112. Blowing of horns by the construction vehicles will be prohibited on the access road to the project site and at the site. 113. Stationary noise sources such as batching plants will be kept as far away from the community as possible. 114. Construction work will only be carried out during daytime and occasionally in the evening up to 9 pm. If construction works continues overnight, care will be taken to keep noise within the night time limit of World Bank/IFC at the nearest receptor.

115. Noise levels will be monitored on bi-monthly basis at the key receptors in the project area in order to take timely corrective measures, if needed.

5.2.2 Dust Emissions

a. Impact

116. Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities include earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles, truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads, combustion of liquid fuel in equipment and vehicles, land excavation, and concrete mixing and batching.

117. The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the day. Due to the uncertainty in values of these parameters, it is not possible to calculate the quantity from a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is, from adding PM10 emissions from every activity on the construction site separately. Typical and worst-case PM10 emissions from construction sites have been estimated1 as 0.27 megagram per hectare per month of activity (Mg/ha-month) and 1.04 Mg/ha-month, respectively. 118. A wide variety of options exist to control emissions from construction sites. The most effective means of reducing the dust emission is wet suppression. Watering exposed surfaces and soil with adequate frequency to keep soil moist at all times can reduce the total dust emission from the project by as much as 75%.2 This measure alone can bring down the dust level to less than 100 μg/m3.

b. Mitigation Measures

119. Water will be sprinkled daily or when there is an obvious dust problem on all exposed surfaces to suppress emission of dust. Frequency of sprinkling will be kept such that the dust remains under control, particularly when wind is blowing towards the community.

120. All roads at/near the project site that are to be paved or appropriately sealed will be paved as early as possible after the commencement of construction work. Until the roads are paved, they will be sprinkled regularly to prevent dust emission. Other temporary tracks within the site boundary will be compacted and sprinkled with water during the construction work.

1 Gaffney, G. and Shimp, D. 1997. Improving PM10 Fugitive Dust Emission Inventories. Sacramento, CA. California Air

Resource Board. <www.arb.ca.gov/emisinv/pubs/pm10tmp.pdf> 2 El Dorado County Air Pollution Control District. 2002. Guide to Air Quality Assessment: Determining Significance of Air

Quality Impacts Under the California Environmental Quality Act. First Edition. <http://co.el-dorado.ca.us/emd/apcd>

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121. Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 20 km/h on all unsealed roads within the project site.

122. Construction materials that are susceptible to dust formation will be transported only in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emission during transportation. 123. Aggregate material will be delivered to the batching plant in a damp condition, and water sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust emissions. 124. A minimum distance of 100 m will be maintained between potential sources of dust such as material stockpiles and batching plants and the community.

5.2.3 Camp effluent

a. Impact

125. The staff and labor camps for the construction of the proposed market will be a source of wastewater generated from the toilets, washrooms and the kitchen. The wastewater will not meet the national environmental standards and will therefore need treatment prior to disposal.

126. The nullah located near the border of the project boundary must not be used by the project staff and/or labor as a toilet or for disposal of camp effluent.

b. Mitigation Measures

127. It will be ensured that no untreated effluent is released to the environment.

128. A closed sewage treatment system will treat the effluent, which will then be disposed of in a soak pit or will be used for plantation.

5.2.4 Water Sourcing

c. Impact

129. The extraction of water for use during the construction activity and also to meet the daily requirements of the local project staff and labor could result in scarcity of water for the local residents and communities in the project area.

130. Based on interviews conducted with local residents near the project boundary and other villages located in the project area, it was reported that all residents are obtaining ground water through bores, both for drinking and for meeting all other daily needs. It was informed that no scarcity of water has ever been faced by them, despite many months in the past with scarce or no rain. A few residents even reported using the bores for obtaining water to meet the water requirements for construction of their existing homes.

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d. Mitigation Measures

131. The proposed project activity is not expected to result in a shortage of water for the local residents in the project area. However, certain water management measures will be implemented to ensure no shortage takes place.

132. The preferred source of water will be a deep well that will be installed for the project. The depth of the well will be more than any existing groundwater aquifer in the area. 133. If for any reason, water is obtained from an existing well, before obtaining water from it, its total yield and existing uses will be established. Based on these two figures, the maximum allowable yield will be established as fifty percent of the available water (total yield minus existing uses).

5.2.5 Vehicle and Equipment Exhaust

a. Impact

134. The emissions from vehicles and combustion processes in generators and other construction equipment result in exhaust gases that can affect the ambient air quality locally and pose a health hazard particularly for communities resident in proximity to the project site.

b. Mitigation Measures

135. It shall be ensured that all vehicles, generators and other equipment used during the construction will be properly tuned and maintained in good working condition in order to minimize emission of pollutants.

136. The stack height of generators will be atleast 3 meters above the ground.

5.2.6 Soil Contamination

a. Impact

137. During the project construction, spills of fuel, lubricants and chemicals can take place while transferring from one container to another or during refueling. Also, during maintenance of equipment and vehicles, through leakages from equipment and containers and as a result of traffic accidents.

138. Depending on the nature of the material, location of spill and quantity of spill, the soil can get contaminated.

b. Mitigation Measures

139. It will be ensured that spill prevention trays are provided and used during refueling stations. Also, on-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be avoided as far as possible. In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable, tarpaulin or other impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent contamination of soil.

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140. Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and

equipment and all vehicles will be washed in external commercial facilities.

141. Fuels, lubricants and chemicals will be stored in covered bounded areas, underlain with impervious lining. Appropriate arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.

5.2.7 Drainage and Storm Water Run-off

a. Impact

142. The storm water run-off from the construction site could carry oil and grease if the soil is contaminated or the potentially contaminated areas (oil and grease storage areas, maintenance areas and workshops) are in hydrological contact with the surrounding areas, particularly the nullah located near the project site. Any risk may be eliminated by taking measures to avoid spillages and taking immediate remedial measures in case of accidental spillage of oil.

b. Mitigation Measures

143. It all unpaved exposed areas of the plant will be compacted to minimize water erosion and all areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be hydrologically isolated from the remaining site.

144. It shall be ensured that natural drainage is not hampered or blocked in any way, particularly considering the nullah located on the project site. 145. Channel run-off will be provided, where necessary, to avoid flooding of surrounding fields.

5.2.8 Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Management

a. Impact

146. In the absence of national or domestic regulations and a waste management system in the project area, waste disposal can potentially become a serious environmental issue, particularly with the local contractors. The nullah located on the project site could be polluted by using it for disposal of different types of waste. To avoid any potential issue, the project proponent will have to impose adequate internal controls.

b. Mitigation Measures

147. A waste management plan will be developed prior to the start of construction. This plan will cater to sorting of hazardous and non-hazardous materials prior to disposal, placing of waste bins at site for waste disposal and an onsite hazardous waste storage facility.

148. Periodic on-site audits of waste management will be undertaken along with auditing of waste disposal contractors and disposal facilities on regular basis to check that procedures are being followed.

149. Records of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed, recycled or reused will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register.

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150. Licensed waste contractors will be engaged to dispose off all non-hazardous waste material that cannot be recycled or reused. 151. Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation and management of waste.

5.2.9 Historical/Archaeological Sites

152. There are no significant cultural or archaeological resources in the project area and thus no significant impact is anticipated. However, if evidence of any archaeological remains is found during construction activities, the AMD project director will be informed and excavation work stopped immediately. Assistance will then be sought from the nearest office of the Department of Museum and Archaeology to identify the remains.

5.2.10 Vegetation and Wildlife Loss

a. Impact

153. The vegetation at the proposed site is mostly thin and consists primarily of grasses. The construction of the project facilities will require clearing of some vegetation, but as the proposed site is located in an area with relatively little cover compared to the surroundings, no significant residual impact on the natural vegetation of the area is anticipated.

154. The impact of project activities on the wildlife in the area is likely to be insignificant as the area has a long area of human occupation, to which most of the animal species have adapted over time.

b. Mitigation Measures

155. It will be ensured that willful killing; trapping and trade of faunal species will be strictly prohibited.

156. Tree plantation will be undertaken at the project site to compensate for the vegetation lost during construction.

157. Burning of vegetation as fuel will be prohibited.

5.2.11 Community Safety

a. Impact

158. The influx of a large number of project staff and laborers could pose a safety threat to the women and children residing in proximity to the project site, particularly with the children in the habit of playing outside their homes. Also, it might affect the mobility of the local women.

159. The movement of children at or near the project site

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b. Mitigation Measures

160. The project staff and workers will be instructed to avoid interacting with the local residents when outside the camp enclosure.

161. Security guards will be posted at entry points to the construction area who will ensure outsiders are kept away from the project site and to monitor the activities of the project related staff and ensure no disturbance to the local residents takes place. 162. Work areas outside the project site, especially where machinery is involved will be roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure that local residents, particularly children stay away. Also, no machinery will be left unattended, particularly in running condition. 163. Community will be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main care providers to children. 164. Speed limit of 20 km/hr will be maintained by all project related vehicles on the section of the roads and passages adjacent to the houses near the project boundary and nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited where possible.

5.2.12 Employment Conflicts

a. Impact

165. The proposed project is not likely to create any significant permanent job opportunities. Even unskilled and semi-skilled employment opportunities that are likely to be created will be for a short period while the project is constructed. As persons with relevant skills may be available locally (due to proximity to Rawalpindi and Islamabad), people from the project area are likely to fill a significant number of the semi-skilled and skilled jobs.

166. This issue of provision of jobs can become particularly problematic if it is perceived by the local communities that a significant number of construction-related jobs opportunities are not given to people from the local community. This can result in friction between local residents and construction workers from outside of the community.

167. The understanding of ‘local’ needs to be clear as being residents of the project area (within 1 km of the project site). These Project Affected Persons (PAPs) will be given priority for construction jobs as long as they possess the minimum skills for such a job.

b. Mitigation Measures

168. The Construction Contractor will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Prior to the commencement of the construction activity, the local communities in the project area will be informed of the employment policy in place and number of people that can be employed for this project.

169. It will be ensured that maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be provided to the PAPs and other local communities. 170. AMD will ensure a balanced process of employment of the communities in the project area with preference given to those most directly affected by the project.

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5.3 Operation Phase

5.3.1 Solid Waste Management

a. Impact

171. Considering the nature of the project, it is expected that a considerable volume of organic waste will be generated at the project site such as spoilt fruits and vegetables etc. The lack of a suitable mechanism for proper disposal of this ‘green waste’ will lead to the development of breeding grounds for disease vectors, foul smells from decaying waste and a deterioration in the aesthetic value of the entire area.

b. Mitigation Measures

172. An efficient and effective solid waste management and disposal mechanism will be established and implemented based on NEQS guidelines as well as international best practices.

173. Possibility of utilization of green waste being produced for biogas generation and subsequent use to meet energy needs at site or for communities in the project area will be explored.

5.3.2 Effluent and Sewage

a. Impact

174. The absence of a proper disposal system for liquid effluent and sewage will cause a significant health and environmental hazard, resulting in development of a breeding ground of disease vectors in the project area. It will also cause deterioration of living conditions for inhabitants of the area while contaminating the existing surface and groundwater water sources, with the Nullah flowing through the project site being at high risk.

b. Mitigation Measures

175. All liquid effluent including sewage will be disposed off properly as per applicable NEQS guidelines based on international best practices.

176. No liquid effluent or sewage will be disposed off in the nullah located within the project site or any other water body in the project area.

5.3.3 Noise Levels

a. Impact

177. During the operation of the market, a large number of traders as well as vehicular movement will take place on a daily basis to deliver and transport away the fruits and vegetables being bought and sold. This could result in disturbance due to high noise levels to communities residing in the project area, particularly those living in proximity to the project site.

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b. Mitigation Measures

178. Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted once a month on a typical working day at the communities and key receptors in the project area to ensure NEQS and World Bank/IFC guidelines are being met.

179. Blowing of horns by the vehicles will be prohibited on the access road to the project site and at the site.

5.3.4 Emissions

a. Impact

180. The dust and exhaust emissions from vehicular movement and use of generators for power generation during periods of load shedding will cause a degradation of air quality in the project area. This is a potential health hazard and could lead to different respiratory illnesses amongst the residents in the project area over a prolonged period of time.

b. Mitigation Measures

181. Monitoring of key pollutants (SOx, NOx and PM10) will be conducted once every six months.

182. It shall be ensured that all vehicles, generators and other equipment used during the market operation will be properly tuned and maintained in good working condition in order to minimize emission of pollutants.

183. The stack height of generators will be atleast 3 meters above the ground.

5.3.5 Water resources

a. Impact

184. The operation of the market will require drawing of groundwater on a daily basis using the bores already existing on site. Uncontrolled drawing of water due to poor management and/or wasting of the water drawn will result in possible shortage of water for communities and other stakeholders in the project area.

b. Mitigation Measures

185. A water management and conservation plan will be developed and implemented to ensure no wastage of the extracted ground water takes place.

186. A complete record of water withdrawn from groundwater resources and its specific uses will be maintained.

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5.3.6 Socio economic impacts

a. Impact

187. The commencement of operation of the market will result in a high influx of different persons on a daily basis to the market for purchasing and selling of goods. This could cause a considerable number of issues such as security issues for residents, particularly those in proximity to the project site such as women and children. Crime rate could rapidly climb in the area while frictions between the traders and operators of the project and the existing residents of the area could take place and lead to issues in the day-to-day operation of the project.

b. Mitigation Measures

188. An interface between community and the management of the market shall be formed through the development of a Committee comprising of representatives from both parties. This platform will jointly develop standard operating practices and strategies to operate the project in a manner that is acceptable to the communities in the project area with a focus on the critical sensitivities to be considered.

189. This Committee will discuss and resolve any potential issues and/or concerns raised by the local communities regarding the day-to-day operation of the wholesale market.

Table 0.1: Predicted Noise Level for Construction Equipment dB (A)

Equipment Equivalent Noise Level in an 8-hr Shift at

Receptor 250 m from Source

Batching plant 59

Concrete mixers 59

Cranes 54

Excavators 54

Tractors and trolleys 49

Water bowsers 49

Graders 44

Bulldozers 44

Paver 44

Pumps 39

Diesel generators 39

Vibrators 39

Drilling machines 39

Compressors 39

Dumpers 39

Road rollers 39

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Table 0.2: Noise Levels at Receptor 250 m from source under Various Activity Levels

Equipment Number of Equipment Employed

Earthworks Structural Installation

Batching plant 1

Concrete mixers 1

Cranes 1 1

Excavators 2

Tractors and trolleys 2 1 1

Water bowsers 1 1 1

Graders 1

Bulldozers 2

Paver 1

Pumps 1 1 1

Diesel generators 1 1 1

Compressors 1

Dumpers 2 1 1

Road rollers 2

Noise Level at Receptor (dB (A)) 67 68 66

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6 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 6.1 Introduction

190. The Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP) is developed to eliminate and/or mitigate the impacts envisaged at the design, construction and operation stages and provide specific guidelines for long term monitoring by identifying the roles and responsibilities of AMD, Supervision Consultant and Contractor(s). 191. The detailed EMP provided in this section as Table 6.6 ensures that the Project has no detrimental effect on the surrounding environment. The Plan shall act as a guideline for incorporating environmental measures to be carried out by the contractors engaged by AMD, as well as for other parties concerned for mitigating possible impacts associated with the Project and will form part of the Contract documents to be considered alongside the specifications. This Plan shall act as the Environmental Monitoring Plan during construction and operational phases of the Project, and will allow for prompt implementation of effective corrective measures.

6.2 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

192. The EMP attached with this report ensures the following: i. Delivery of the prescribed environmental outcomes during all phases of the

Project; ii. Formulating a system for compliance with applicable legislative and non-

legislative requirements and obligations and commitments for the Project; iii. Ensure that project design process incorporates best practice environmental

design and sustainability principles to minimize potential impacts of construction and operation on the environment and community.

iv. Ensure that the construction work procedures minimize potential impacts on the environment and community.

v. Develop, implement and monitor measures that minimize pollution and optimize resource use.

6.3 Objectives of EMP

193. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential impacts of the project activities, to enhance project benefits and to outline standardized good practice to be adopted for all project works. The EMP has been prepared with the objectives of:

i. Defining the roles and responsibilities of the project proponent for the implementation of EMP and identifying areas where these roles and responsibilities can be shared with other parties involved in the execution and monitoring of the project;

ii. Outlining mitigation measures required for avoiding or minimizing potential negative impacts assessed by environmental study;

iii. Developing a monitoring mechanism and identifying requisite monitoring parameters to confirm effectiveness of the mitigation measures recommended in the study;

iv. Defining the requirements for communication, documentation, training, monitoring, management and implementation of the mitigation measures.

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6.4 Environmental Management/Monitoring and Reporting 194. During the construction phase, the overall responsibility for the implementation and monitoring of the EMP rests with theSection 42 company (the Company). The Company through assistance from the Supervision Consultant’s Environmental staff and the Environment team of AMD, will supervise the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and monitor the implementation progress in the field. Monthly environmental monitoring data/reports will be incorporated in the project implementation progress reports to be shared with ADB and such monthly reports will be consolidated into bi-annual monitoring reports and submitted to ADB for review and clearance. Upon clearance, all such reports will be uploaded on the AMD and ADB websites. 195. The specific roles and responsibilities for environmental management are provided in Table 6.6 below.

Figure: 6.6: Organization Chart for Environment Management/Monitoring implementation

6.5 Institutional Arrangements

196. The proposed project environmental management plan will require involvement of the following organizations for its implementation:

i. The Company which will be established under the Companies Ordinance, 1984,

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will be the project proponent and owners of the EMP ii. The Project Management Unit (PMU), which will be established at AMD, this

PMU will represent the Department of Agriculture as co-implmentor of the EMP ; iii. Project Contractors as executors of the EMP; iv. Project Environment Officer (PEO) as environmental monitor of the execution of

the EMP. 6.5.1 Role of AMD

197. As the proponent of the project, AMD will be responsible for implementation of the EMP. The AMD will be responsible for ensuring the implementation of the EMP and for overall environmental performance during construction operations and also for ensuring implementation of the EMP by the project contractors.

6.5.2 Role of Project Director

198. The key responsibilities of the PD will be as follows: i. Liaise closely with the environmental agency (PEPA) and all concerned

Government departments e.g. Forest and Wildlife Department, Department of Archaeology and Museums, NGOs, CBOs etc.

ii. Obtaining approval of the IEE study; iii. Ensuring the EMP is properly implemented; iv. Responsible for all environmental coordination and reporting; v. Provide technical support for compliance and monitoring of EMP; vi. Responsible for resettlement plan; vii. Provide guidance to relevant staff for land acquisition;

6.5.3 Role of Project Contractor

199. The project contractor will be responsible for following items: i. Implementation of, or adherence to, all provisions of the IEE and EMP; ii. Contractor’s environmental performance will rest with the person holding the

highest management position within the contractor’s organization. Reporting to their management, the contractor’s site managers will be responsible for the effective implementation of the EMP.

6.6 Environmental Performance Indicators

200. Environmental performance indicators will be chosen to quantify that whether the targets of environmental policy safeguards are met as desired in the EMP within the specified time period. The quantitative data against following attributes as performance indicators will be collected and reported in the quarterly environmental monitoring reports. Water Quality and related issues

201. Indicator of water quality must quantify water contamination or pollution and any changes in the water composition and chemistry whether surface or ground water in terms of water quality parameters and their pattern of existence. Air and Noise pollution

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202. Magnitude of air and noise quality changes due to project activities.

Flora and Fauna

203. Any quantifiable changes in the population of flora and fauna and in their habitat patterns will be recorded. Traffic and transportation

204. Management of traffic during construction and adequate planning for operation phase.

Socio-economic

205. Impact on the local/regional economy i. Changes in cultural pattern ii. Dislocation of population

Health and Safety

206. New disease pathways i. Number of injuries or casualties

6.7 Monitoring Parameters

207. The key environmental parameters such as ambient air quality, noise levels, waste disposal etc. will be monitored at locations to be identified at key receptor locations. A monitoring plan for the construction and operation phases of the project, indicating environmental parameters, frequency, locations and applicable standards is provided below as Tables 6.1 and 6.2 below. Standards set under the NEQS and WHO for the key receptors is also provided as Annexure II.

6.8 Environmental Training

6.8.1 Capacity Building and Training

208. Capacity building and training programs are necessary for AMD staff in order to control the negative impacts resulting from the project construction and during its operation phase. They will also require trainings on monitoring and inspecting of such a project for environmental impacts and for implementation of mitigation measures. The details of this capacity building and training program are presented in the Table 6.3 below.

Table 0.1: Construction Monitoring Requirements

Project Activity and Potential Impact

Objective of Monitoring

Parameters to be Monitored

Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility

Noise Disturbance due to noise from construction activity

To determine the effectiveness of noise abatement measures on sound pressure levels

Ambient noise level near receptors

A-weighted noise levels – 24 hours, readings taken at 15 s intervals over 15 min. every hour, and then averaged

At three locations on the plant boundary and three locations at the receptor level.

Baseline before start of construction: On three typical working days and one weekend During construction: Once every two weeks on a typical working day

Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Air Quality Dust emissions from construction vehicles and equipment

To determine the effectiveness of dust control program on dust at receptor level

SOx, NOx, PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 microns) concentration at receptor level

1-hr and 24-hr concentration levels

At three representative locations

Baseline before start of construction: On three typical working days and one weekend During construction: Once every four weeks on a typical working day

Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Visible dust Visual observation of size of dust clouds, their dispersion and the direction of dispersion

Construction sites Once daily during peak construction period

Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Water Resources Groundwater extraction due to the project may result in groundwater depletion for the community

To ensure that the groundwater extraction for the project is not resulting in any shortages for the community

Depth of water table at all the community wells within 1 km of the project site

Depth of the water table will be measured and recorded

All community wells within 1 km of the project site

Weekly inspections Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Surface water To ensure the nullah present on the project site is not polluted by discharge of liquid effluent and waste into it

Common ions, TDS, TSS etc.

The parameters mentioned will be meaured.

Two locations of the nullah

Twice a month Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Project Activity and Potential Impact

Objective of Monitoring

Parameters to be Monitored

Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility

Waste Disposal Insufficient procedures for waste collection, storage, transportation and disposal

To check the availability of waste management system and implementation

Inspection of waste generation, collection, segregation, storage, recycling and disposal will be undertaken at each site of the project activity

Visual inspections Project Area Once daily Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Table 0.2: Operation Monitoring Requirements

Project Activity and Potential Impact

Objective of Monitoring

Parameters to be Monitored

Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility

Noise

Disturbance due to noise from operational activity

To determine the effectiveness of noise abatement measures on sound pressure levels

Ambient noise level near receptors

A-weighted noise levels –

24 hours, readings taken at 15 s intervals over 15 min. every hour, and then averaged

At three locations on the plant boundary and three locations at the receptor level.

Once every month on a typical working day

O&M Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Effluent

Effluent discharge can affect water resources of project area

To ensure water resources, particularly nullah is not polluted by any project effluent

Characterisitics of wastewater

Chemical analysis of the wastewater

Operational efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant and other units

At point of discharge of the plant effluent

Once a month O&M Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Emission

Air pollutants can adversely affect the ambient air quality and impact human health

To ensure air pollutants are not present above the permissible guidelines

Ambient air quality i.e. concentration of pollutant gases in air such as SOx, NOx and PM.

Concentration levels of the pollutant gases

In the vicinity of the project site

Once every six months

O&M Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Hazardous material

Hazardous chemicals can harm human health and contaminate soil

To ensure proper disposal of hazardous material (if any)

Quantity of hazardous waste generated and its disposal procedure

Complete record of purchase, storage, use, and disposal of hazardous material will be maintained

At point of generation of hazardous material

Daily records to be maintained

Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Solid Waste Management

Solid waste, the fruit and vegetable green waste in particular can result in disease vectors such as flies, rodents etc.

To ensure solid waste is disposed off in an environmentally friendly manner

Amount of solid waste generated and its disposal method

Records of waste generated

On-site audits of waste management

Audits of the waste disposal contractors and waste disposal facilities

Areas around the plant boundary, nullah and access will be periodically inspected.

Daily records of waste generated to be maintained. Audits to be conducted bi-monthly

Contractor’s Environmental officer, Company

Table 0.3: Capacity Development and Training Programme

Provided by Organized by Contents No. of training events

Duration Cost (PKR)

Pre-construction Phase Monitoring Consultants/Organizations offering specialized services in environmental management and monitoring

Company Short seminars and courses on: Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan

Two seminars for Contractor management staff and AMD project staff

3 days each 150,000

Construction Phase Monitoring Consultants/Organizations offering specialized services in social management and monitoring

Company Short seminars on Environmental risks associated with construction phase. Development of Environmental Performance Indicators Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issues

Two seminars for Contractor management staff and AMD project staff dealing in social issues

3 days each 150,000

Operational Phase Monitoring Consultants/Organizations offering specialized services in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Issues

Company Short lectures relating to Road Safety (Policy measures/implementation)

Two seminars for Contractor’s staff

3 days each 200,000

Total 500,000

(PKR 0.5 million)

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6.9 Environmental Management Costs

209. The cost estimates for monitoring of air quality, water quality and noise monitoring during the construction and operation phases are provided below in Tables 6.4 and 6.5.

Table 0.4: Annual Cost Estimates for Construction Phase Monitoring

Monitoring Component

Parameters Quantity Amount PKR

Details

Ambient Air Quality SOx, NOx, PM10 12 (once a

month) 300,000

12 samples @ PKR 25,000 per sample

Water Quality

Surface water (nullah) Common ions, TDS, TSS etc

24 (twice a month)

552,000 Fortnightly testing of water samples drawn from nullah during construction @ PKR 23,000 per sample

Drinking water Common ions, TDS, BOD, Coliforms etc.

6 (every other month)

48,000 6 samples @ PKR 8,000 per sample

Noise Levels dB (A) 24 (twice a month)

96,000 24 readings @ PKR 4,000 per reading

Contingencies 49,800 5% of monitoring cost

Total 1,045,800

Table 0.5: Annual Cost Estimates for Operational Phase Monitoring

Monitoring Component

Parameters Quantity Amount PKR

Details

Ambient Air Quality SOx, NOx, PM10 2 (twice a

year) 50,000

2 samples @ PKR 25,000 per sample

Water Quality

Surface water (nullah) Common ions, TDS, TSS etc

3 (once every four months)

69,000 Quarterly testing of water samples drawn from nullah during operation 3 samples@ PKR 23,000 per sample

Drinking water Common ions, TDS, BOD, Coliforms etc.

3 (every four months)

24,000 3 samples @ PKR 8,000 per sample

Effluent

Wastewater NEQS relevant parameters

12 (Once a month)

276,000 Samples drawn at effluent discharge point(s) 12 samples @ PKR 23,000 per sample

Noise Levels dB (A) 12 (once a month)

48,000 12 readings @ PKR 4,000 per reading

Contingencies 23,350 5% of monitoring cost Total 490,350

Table 0.6: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

Design Considerations

5.1.1

Land Acquisition & Resettlement

Extensive land acquisition and resettlement activity will be conducted in accordance with ADB’s social safeguards policy and a LARP will be prepared. AMD will ensure the approved LARP is fully implemented.

AMD ADB Resettlement Specialist

BC: during detailed designing of the project Cost: 9.66 Million USD

5.1.2

Power Transmission Line RoW

Section of transmission line passing through project site will be raised by 4 to 6 meters. Also, height of two subsequent towers will also be increased by 2 meters. Height restrictors will be installed at entrance of market premises to control height of vehicles entering it. Existing towers will undergo refurbishment and repairs.

PEPCO AMD BC Cost: 100,000 USD

5.1.3 Widening of Narrow Access point to site

The design for widening of the access point will be developed and implemented to ensure smooth flow of all traffic as well as safety of commuters and pedestrians using the access point.

Contractor AMD BC Cost: To be included in Project Civil Cost

5.1.4 Development of Effluent/ Sewage disposal system

Properly designed network of drains and sewers will be designed and implemented during the construction phase to ensure once the project becomes operational. This will ensure all liquid effluent and sewage is properly disposed off in an environmentally and hygienically compliant manner and does not pose a threat to the key receptors in the project area. All applicable NEQS guidelines for disposal of liquid effluent will be fulfilled.

Contractor AMD BC Cost: To be included in Project Civil Cost

5.1.5 Protection of Nullah at Project Site

The part of nullah flowing through project site shall be concreted to enable smooth flow of water and prevent ponds from developing on the project site.

Contractor AMD BC Cost: To be included in Project

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

The portion of nullah on project site will be cordoned off with a fence with access to limited personnel during all project phases, thus preventing all possible types of contamination. The nullah will be protected from all sorts of contamination through mitigation and monitoring measures to be implemented as a part of the effluent and solid waste management.

Civil Cost

Construction Phase

5.2.1

Noise levels Equipment noise will be reduced at source by proper design, maintenance and repair of construction machinery and equipment. Noise from vehicles and power generators will be minimized by use of proper silencers and mufflers. Excessive noise emitting equipment will not be allowed to operate and will be replaced. Blowing of horns will be prohibited on access road to site and at site. Stationary noise sources such as batching plants will be kept as far away as possible from communities. Construction work will only be conducted during daytime and occasionally in the evenings upto 9pm. Overnight work, if ever necessary, will meet IFC guidelines for allowable nighttime noise levels. Noise levels will be monitored on bi-monthly basis at key receptors in project area.

Contractor CSC, AMD DC

5.2.2

Dust emissions

Water will be sprinkled daily of during obvious dust problem on all exposed surfaces to suppress emission of dust. All roads at/near project that are to be paved or appropriately sealed will be paved as early as possible. Until paving is completed, regular sprinkling will be conducted to prevent dust emissions.

Contractor CSC, AMD DC

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

Construction Phase (Continued…)

Project traffic will maintain maximum speed limit of 20 km/hr on all unsealed roads within project site. Construction materials susceptible to dust formation will be transported in securely covered trucks to prevent dust emissions during transportation. Aggregate material will be delivered to batching plant in damp condition and water sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust emissions. Minimum distance of 100 meters will be maintained between potential sources of dust such as material stockpiles and batching plants and community.

5.2.3 Camp Effluent

No untreated effluent will be released into the environment. Closed sewage treatment system will treat the effluent, which will then be disposed of in a soak pit or will be used for plantation.

Contractor CSC, AMD DC

5.2.4 Water Sourcing

Water management will be implemented to ensure no shortage of water takes place. Preferred source of water will be deep well that will be installed for project. Depth of well will be more than any existing groundwater aquifer in the area.

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

5.2.5 Vehicle and equipment exhaust

All vehicles, generators and other equipment will be properly tuned and maintained in good working condition to minimize emission of pollutants. Stack height of generators will be at least 3 meters above the ground.

Contractor CSC, AMD DC

5.2.6 Soil Contamination

Spill prevention trays will be provided and used during refueling stations. On-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be avoided as far as possible. In case on site maintenance is

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

Construction Phase (Continued…)

unavoidable, tarpaulin or other impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent soil contamination. Regular inspections to detect leakages in construction vehicles and equipment will be carried out and all vehicles will be washed in external commercial facilities. Fuels, lubricants and chemicals will be stored in covered bounded areas, underlain with impervious lining. Suitable arrangements, including shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.

5.2.7 Drainage and storm water run-off

All unpaved exposed areas of project site will be compacted to minimize water erosion and all areas containing potentially hazardous materials will be hydrologically isolated from remaining site. Shall be ensured that natural drainage is not hampered or blocked in any way, particularly considering the nullah flows through the project site. Channel run-off will be provided, where necessary, to avoid flooding of surrounding fields.

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

5.2.8

Hazardous and non-hazardous waste management

Waste management plan will be developed prior to construction. This plan will sort hazardous and non-hazardous materials prior to disposal, placing waste bins at site for waste disposal and an onsite hazardous waste storage facility. Periodic on-site audits of waste management will be undertaken along with auditing of waste disposal contractors and disposal facilities to check whether procedures are being followed. Records of all waste generated during construction period will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed, recycled or reused

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

will be logged on a Waste Tracking Register. Licensed waste contractors will be engaged to dispose off all non-hazardous waste material that cannot be recycled or reused. Training will be provided to personnel for identification, segregation and management of waste.

5.2.10 Vegetation and Wildlife Loss

Willful killing, trapping and trade of faunal species will be strictly prohibited. Tree plantation will be undertaken at project site to compensate for vegetation lost during construction. Burning of vegetation as fuel will be prohibited.

Contractor CSC, AMD DC

5.2.11 Community Safety

Project staff and workers will be instructed to avoid interacting with local residents when outside the camp enclosure. Security guards will be posted at entry points to construction area who will ensure outsiders are kept away from project site and to monitor activities of project related staff and ensure no disturbance to local residents takes place. Work areas outside project site, especially where machinery is involved will be roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure that local residents, particularly children stay away. Also, no machinery will be left unattended, particularly in running condition. Community will be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main care providers to children. Speed limit of 20 km/hr will be maintained by all project related vehicles on section of roads and passages adjacent to houses near project boundary and nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited where possible.

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

5.2.12 Employment Conflicts

Construction Contractor will adopt a transparent hiring policy. Prior to commencement of construction activity, local communities in project area will be informed of employment policy in place and number of people that can be employed for this project. Maximum number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs will be provided to PAPs and other local communities. AMD will ensure a balanced process of employment of communities in project area with preference given to those most directly affected by project.

Contractor CSC, AMD BC, DC

Operation Phase

5.3.1 Solid Waste Management

An efficient and effective solid waste management and disposal mechanism will be established and implemented based on NEQS guidelines as well as international best practices. Possibility of utilization of green waste being produced for biogas generation and subsequent use to meet energy needs at site or for communities in the project area will be explored.

O&M Contractor

AMD DO

5.3.2 Effluent and Sewage

All liquid effluent including sewage will be disposed off properly as per applicable NEQS guidelines based on international best practices. No liquid effluent or sewage will be disposed off in the nullah flowing through the project site or into any other water body in the project area.

O&M Contractor

AMD DO

5.3.3

Noise Levels

Monitoring of noise levels will be conducted once a month on a typical working day at communities and key receptors in project area to ensure NEQS and World Bank/IF guidelines are met. Blowing of horns by the vehicles will be prohibited on the access road to the project site and at the site.

O&M Contractor

AMD DO

5.3.4 Emissions Monitoring of key pollutants (Sox, NOx and PM10) O&M AMD DO

Project Activities

Section Impact Actions Responsibility Timing & Estimated Mitigation Cost

Execution Monitoring

Operation Phase (Continued…)

will be conducted once every six months. All vehicles, generators and other equipment used during the market operation will be properly tuned and maintained in good working condition to minimize emission of pollutants. Stack height of generators will be atleast 3 meters above the ground.

Contractor

5.3.5 Water Resources

A water management and conservation plan will be developed and implemented to ensure no wastage of the extracted ground water takes place. A complete record of water withdrawal from groundwater resources and its specific use will be maintained.

O&M Contractor

AMD DO

5.3.6 Socio-economic impacts

An interface between community and management of the market will be formed through development of a committee comprising of both parties. This platform will jointly develop standard operating procedures and strategies to operate the project in a manner acceptable to the communities in project area with focus on critical sensitivities to be considered. Committee will discuss and resolve any potential issues and/or concerns raised by local communities regarding the day-to-day operation of the market.

O&M Contractor

AMD DO

AMD = Agriculture Marketing Department, BC = Before Construction, DC = During Construction, DO = During Operation, CSC = Construction Supervision Consultant.

54

7 Public Consultation and Information Disclosure

7.1 Introduction

210. The public consultation process with various stakeholders has been approached so as to involve public and other relevant stakeholders from the earliest stages. Public consultation has taken place and viewpoints of the stakeholders have been taken into account as well as their concerns and suggestions regarding likely impacts of the project during construction and operation phases. The main objectives of the public consultation were as follows:

i. To share the information about the proposed project, its components and activities with affected people;

ii. To obtain cooperation and participation of the general public in Project planning and implementation processes;

iii. To establish accessible and effective grievance redress procedures; and iv. Create a sense of ownership among the stakeholders regarding the Project.

211. The environmental assessment process under the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, requires the disclosure to the public after the statutory IEE / EIA has been accepted by the relevant EPA, to be in strict adherence to the rules. In this IEE, the consultation process was performed to satisfy the ADB requirements (Social Safeguard Policy 2009). 212.

7.2 Identification of Main Stakeholders

213. The stakeholders identified include general public, government officials, traders and local representatives. All these stakeholders have different types of stakes according to their interests and professions.

7.3 Approach for Public Consultation

214. The approach adopted towards public participation was to disseminate information, soliciting inputs and obtaining consensus on issues and proposing mitigation measures. This approach was put into practice through consultation with AMD and public meetings with local communities residing in proximity to the project, meetings with influential people of the area, roadside consultations with pedestrians etc.

7.4 Meetings with Stakeholders

215. During discussions with the local communities residing in the area as well as site visits, it has been revealed that the local people are generally aware of the Project and are looking forward to the development of the project for a number of reasons such as employment generation, appreciation of land value etc.

7.5 Stakeholders Concern

216. The most common concerns observed during the consultation process are as follows:

i. Local Community Considerable increase in project related vehicle movement, both during the

construction and operation phases.

55

Need for transparent hiring policy with preference given to residents of project area. Number of miscreants such as thieves and robbers expected to increase once project commences operation, resulting in security concerns for the residents, particularly women and children.

ii. Trader’s Association Representatives

The Government should try and develop this project now on fast track basis since it has been facing repeated delays since many years, leading to frustration amongst the trader community.

The market design should ensure provision for banks as well as adequate areas for parking along with 8 to 10 restaurants offering decent quality of food as well as a mosque.

Land acquisition process should be expedited by the Government and further delays avoided.

The plot sizes of the shops in the market should be of 10, 5 and 3 marla dimensions to cater to the needs of traders working at different business levels.

217. The concerns expressed above will be addressed through the proper implementation of the EMP. The list of persons consulted along with their comments during the consultation process are provided as Annexure IV.

56

Grievance Redress Mechanism

8 Grievance Redress Mechanism 8.1 General

218. In order to receive and facilitate the resolution of affected peoples’ (AP) concerns, complaints and grievances about the Project’s environmental performance, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) will be established at the Project. The GRM will address the APs’ concerns and complaints proactively and promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the APs at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism will not impede access to the country’s judicial or administrative remedies. 8.2 Redress Committee, Focal Points, Complaints Reporting, Recording and

Monitoring

219. AMD will facilitate the establishment of a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) and Grievance Focal Points (GFPs) at project location prior to the Contractor’s mobilization to site. The functions of the GRC and GFPs are to address concerns and grievances of the local communities and affected parties as necessary. 220. The GRC will be headed by the Project Director and its members will include Deputy/Assistant Director of AMD’s environment unit, Environmental Specialist of the Supervision Consultant and the Contractor’s Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) officer. The role of the GRC is to address the Project related grievances of the affected parties that are unable to be resolved satisfactorily through the initial stages of the Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). 221. AMD will assist the project affected communities/villages identify local representatives to act as GFPs. The GFPs will be responsible for i) acting as community representatives in formal meetings between the project team and the local community he/she represents and ii) communicating the community members’ grievances and concerns to the contractor during project implementation. 222. A pre-mobilization public consultation meeting will be convened by AMD’s Environment Specialist and attended by GFPs, Supervision Consultant, Contractor, AMD representative and other interested parties (e.g. district level representatives, NGOs). The objectives of the meeting will be as follows:

i. Introduction of key personnel of each stakeholder including roles and responsibilities,

ii. Presentation of project information of immediate concern to the communities by the contractor (timing and location of specific construction activities, design issues, access constraints etc.) This will include a brief summary of the EMP - its purpose and implementation arrangements;

iii. Establishment and clarification of the GRM to be implemented during project implementation including proactive public relations activities proposed by the project team, Supervision Consultant and contractor to ensure that communities are continually advised of project progress and associated constraints throughout project implementation;

iv. Elicit and address the immediate concerns of the community based on information provided above.

57

223. Following the pre-mobilization public consultation meeting, environmental complaints associated with the construction activity will be routinely handled through the GRM as explained and shown in Figure 8.1 below:

i. Individuals will lodge their environmental complaint/grievance with their respective community’s nominated GFP;

ii. The GFP will bring the individual’s complaint to the attention of the Contractor;

iii. The Contractor will record the complaint in the onsite Environmental Complaints Register (ECR) in the presence of the GFP;

iv. The GFP will discuss the complaint with the Contractor and have it resolved;

v. If the Contractor does not resolve the complaint within one week, then the GFP will bring the complaint to the attention of the Supervision Consultant’s Environmental Specialist. The SC’s Environment Specialist will then be responsible for coordinating with the Contractor in solving the issue;

vi. If the Complaint is not resolved within two weeks, the GFP will present the complaint to the Grievance Redress Committee (GRC);

vii. The GRC will have to resolve the complaint within a period of two weeks and the resolved complaint will have to be communicated back to the community. The Contractor will then record the complaint as resolved and closed in the Environmental Complaints Register;

viii. Should the complaint not be resolved through the GRC, the issue will be adjudicated through local legal processes;

ix. In parallel to the ECR placed with the Contractor, each GFP will maintain a record of the complaints received and will follow up on their rapid resolution;

x. AMD’s project office will also keep track of the status of all complaints through the Monthly Environmental Monitoring Report submitted by the Contractor to the Supervision Consultant and will ensure that they are resolved in a timely manner.

58

Figure 0.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism

v.

59

9 Conclusions and Recommendations

224. The development of the proposed wholesale market will contribute towards the economic and social development of the region. The benefits of the project are Implementing the EMP and the environmental monitoring plan will minimize potential negative environmental impacts. 225. Primary and secondary data has been used to assess the environmental impacts of the Project. This IEE report highlights all potential environmental impacts associated with the Project and recommends mitigation measures. All environmental impacts associated with the Project need to be properly mitigated, through the existing institutional arrangements described in this report. 226. The majority of the environmental impacts are associated with the construction phase of the Project. The implementation of mitigation measures during this period will be the responsibility of the Contractor. Therefore, the required environmental mitigation measures will have to be clearly defined in the bidding and contract documents, and appropriately qualified environmental staff retained by the Consultant to supervise the implementation process. 227. This IEE concludes that no significant negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to construction and normal operations of the proposed project, provided mitigation measures are implemented and the proposed monitoring program is adequately carried out. The EMP includes measures to minimize project impacts due to noise and air pollution, waste generation etc. 228. This project has been assigned environmental category B in accordance with the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and Schedule II as per PEPA, IEE and EIA Gazette Notification, 2000. Thus, this IEE report with the associated EMP is regarded as sufficient environmental assessment of this project and a full EIA is not required.

60

10 References

229. ADB 2011. Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards :- A planning & Implementation Good Practice Source Book –Draft Working Document . Asian Development Bank. March 2011

230. ADB 2012: Market Infrastructure project (ADB PPTA 7218 - PAK) :- Pre-feasibility Study

231. EPA,1997: Guidelines for Public Consultation. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan

232. EPA, 1997: Guidelines for Sensitive and Critical Areas. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, October

233. GoP, 1997: Sectoral Guidelines for Environmental Reports:- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, October 234. GoP, 1997: Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 :- Government of Pakistan, October

235. GoP, 1997: Policy Guidelines for Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports:- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, November

236. GoP, 1997: Policy and Procedures for filling , review and approval of Environmental Assessment :- Environmental Protection Agency, Government of Pakistan, November 237. Survey of Pakistan, 1997. Atlas of Pakistan. Director Map Publication, Survey of Pakistan, Rawalpindi.

238. World Bank. 2005. OP 4.10 - Indigenous People. The World Bank Operational Manual. The World Bank. July 2005.

239. World Bank. 2003. Social Analysis Sourcebook, Incorporating Social Dimensions into Bank-Supported Projects. Social Development Department, The World Bank. December 2003.

240. World Bank. 2001. OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement. The World Bank Operational

References 61 | P a g e

ANNEXURE-I Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

GENERAL page 1 of 4

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It

is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are

adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential

impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

Country/Project Title: Sector Division:

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A. Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

Cultural heritage site

✔ Not Applicable

Legally protected Area (core zone or buffer zone)

✔ Not Applicable

Wetland ✔ Not Applicable

Mangrove

✔ Not Applicable

Estuarine

✔ Not Applicable

Special area for protecting biodiversity

✔ Not Applicable

B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause…

Impairment of historical/cultural areas; disfiguration of

landscape or potential loss/damage to physical cultural resources?

✔ Not Applicable as No historical/cultural

sites located in the project area

Disturbance to precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)?

✔ Not Applicable

Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

✔ Not Applicable

PAKISTAN/Punjab Wholesale Market Development near Rawalpindi

near Rawalpindi Agricultural produce marketing

GENERAL page 2 of 4

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff

and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

✔

Wastewater generated will require

proper mechanism for treatment and disposal during all project development stages, otherwise nullah located on project site will get contaminated.

Increased air pollution due to project construction and operation?

✔

Not Applicable. Exhaust emissions from vehicular movement during construction and operation phases and any diesel

generator use during construction phase expected to be within NEQS limits.

Noise and vibration due to project construction or operation?

✔

Not Applicable. Noise levels during construction and operation phases expected to remain within NEQS limits.

Involuntary resettlement of people? (physical displacement and/or economic displacement)

✔ Not Applicable

Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

✔ Not Applicable

Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases (such as STI's and HIV/AIDS) from workers to local populations?

✔ Not Applicable

creation of temporary breeding habitats for diseases

such as those transmitted by mosquitoes and rodents?

✔

Since fruits and vegetables will be sold at

this market, thus adequate disposal mechanisms of the rotten/unwanted items will need to be developed and implemented to prevent creation of breeding habitats for diseases.

social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

✔

Effective management of the workers must be conducted to predict and avoid

possible conflicts arising from cultural differences.

large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

✔

Not Applicable since majority of workforce will be employed from vicinity of project area and would return to their homes in the evenings.

risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project construction and operation?

✔

Not Applicable

risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

✔

Not Applicable

community safety risks due to both accidental and natural causes, especially where the structural

elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

✔

Not Applicable

GENERAL page 3 of 4

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

generation of solid waste and/or hazardous waste?

✔

Efficient management will be necessary to dispose any solid waste generated in

an effective manner.

use of chemicals?

✔

Not Applicable

generation of wastewater during construction or operation?

✔

Any liquid effluent generated will need to be disposed off in accordance with

applicable regulations through proper treatment and disposal.

 

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks

Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides,

tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes (see Appendix I)?

✔

Not

Applicable

Could changes in precipitation, temperature, salinity, or extreme events over the Project lifespan affect its sustainability or cost?

✔

Not Applicable

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g. high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

✔

Not Applicable

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., increasing traffic or housing in areas that will be more prone to flooding, by encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

✔

Not Applicable

Insert REA Checklist

GENERAL page 4 of 4

Appendix I: Environments, Hazards and Climate Change

Environment Natural Hazards and Climate Change

Arid/Semi-arid and desert

environments

Low erratic rainfall of up to 500 mm rainfall per annum with periodic droughts and high rainfall variability. Low vegetative cover. Resilient ecosystems & complex pastoral and systems, but

medium certainty that 10–20% of drylands degraded; 10-30% projected decrease in water availability in next 40 years; projected increase in drought duration and severity under climate change. Increased mobilization of sand dunes and other soils as vegetation cover declines; likely overall decrease in agricultural productivity, with rain-fed agriculture yield reduced by 30% or more by 2020. Earthquakes and other geophysical hazards may also occur in these environments.

Humid and sub-humid plains, foothills and hill country

More than 500 mm precipitation/yr. Resilient ecosystems & complex human pastoral and cropping systems. 10-30% projected decrease in water availability in next 40 years; projected increase in droughts, heatwaves and floods; increased erosion of loess-mantled landscapes by wind and water; increased gully erosion; landslides likely on steeper slopes. Likely overall decrease in agricultural productivity & compromised food production from variability, with rain-fed agriculture yield reduced by 30% or more by 2020. Increased incidence of forest and agriculture-based insect infestations. Earthquakes and other geophysical hazards may also occur in these environments.

River valleys/ deltas and estuaries and other low-lying coastal areas

River basins, deltas and estuaries in low-lying areas are vulnerable to riverine floods, storm surges associated with tropical cyclones/typhoons and sea level rise; natural (and human-induced) subsidence resulting from sediment compaction and ground water extraction; liquefaction of soft sediments as result of earthquake ground shaking. Tsunami possible/likely on some coasts. Lowland agri-business and subsistence farming in these regions at significant risk.

Small islands

Small islands generally have land areas of less than 10,000 km2 in area, though Papua New

Guinea and Timor with much larger land areas are commonly included in lists of small island developing states. Low-lying islands are especially vulnerable to storm surge, tsunami and sea-level rise and, frequently, coastal erosion, with coral reefs threatened by ocean warming in some areas. Sea level rise is likely to threaten the limited ground water resources. High islands often experience high rainfall intensities, frequent landslides and tectonic environments in which landslides and earthquakes are not uncommon with (occasional) volcanic eruptions. Small islands may have low adaptive capacity and high adaptation costs relative to GDP.

Mountain ecosystems

Accelerated glacial melting, rockfalls/landslides and glacial lake outburst floods, leading to increased debris flows, river bank erosion and floods and more extensive outwash plains and, possibly, more frequent wind erosion in intermontane valleys. Enhanced snow melt and fluctuating stream flows may produce seasonal floods and droughts. Melting of permafrost in some environments. Faunal and floral species migration. Earthquakes, landslides and other geophysical hazards may also occur in these environments.

Volcanic environments

Recently active volcanoes (erupted in last 10,000 years – see www.volcano.si.edu). Often fertile soils with intensive agriculture and landslides on steep slopes. Subject to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions including pyroclastic flows and mudflows/lahars and/or gas emissions and occasionally widespread ashfall.

ANNEXURE-II

NEQS Guidelines and WHO Standards

78

National Environmental Quality Standards for Gaseous Emission

Parameter Source of Emission Existing Standards

Revised Standards

Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed

40% or 2 on Ringlemann scale

40% or 2 on Ringlemann

scale or equivalent

number Particulate matter a) Boilers and furnaces

Oil fired Coal fired Cement Kilns

b) Grinding crushing, clinker, coolers and related processes, metallurgical processes, converter, blast furnaces and cupolas

300 500 200 500

300 500 300 500

Hydrogen Chloride Any 400 400 Chlorine Any 150 150 Hydrogen Flouride Any 150 150 Hydrogen Sulphide Any 10 10 Sulphur oxides Sulfuric acids/sulfuric acid

plants Other plants

400

400

5000

1700 Lead Any 50 50 Mercury Any 10 10 Cadmium Any 20 20 Arsenic Any 20 20 Copper Any 50 50 Antimony 20 20 20 Zinc Any 200 200 Oxides of Nitrogen Nitric Acid Manufacturing

Unit Gas Fired Oil Fired Coal Fired

400

400

400

400 600 1200

Insert NEQS and WHO Standards

79

WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environment Specific Environment LA eq

(dB) LAmax

Fast (db)

Out door living area 55 School class rooms and pre-schools (indoor) 35 School Playground (outdoors) 35 Hospitals Ward rooms (indoor 30

30 40

Hospital Treatment rooms (indoors) #1 Industrial, commercial, shopping and traffic areas (indoors and out doors)

70 110

#1= as low as Possible

WHO Drinking Water Quality Standards Sr. No. Constituent, mg/L Recommended limit (1961

European)

1 Ammonia 0.5 2 Chlorides 350 3 Copper 0.05a 4 Flourides 1.5 5 Iron 0.1 6 Magnesium b 125b 7 Nitrates 50 8 Oxygen 5.0 9 Phenols 0.001 10 Sulphates 250 11 Zinc 5.0

a Maybe higher for new piping b if 250mg/L SO4 is present, Mg not to exceed 30mg/L

ANNEXURE-III

Photographs of Project Area

Existing Infrastructure and Environment of Project Area

Photograph 10-1: Public Consultations with communities residing near project boundary.

Photograph 10-2: The 66 kV transmission line running through project site that will need to be elevated to not pose a safety hazard.

Photograph 10-3: Existing access point to project site from GT road that needs to be widened and reconstructed

Photograph 10-4: GT road at access point to project site

Photograph 10-5: Existing residents near project boundary

Photograph 10-6: Nullah running within boundary of project site.

Photograph 10-7: Existing metalled roads at project site that will require significant repairs.

Photograph 10-8: Squatters in the project area

Photograph 10-9: Existing bores on project site for extraction of ground water

Photograph 10-10: Existing residents next to project boundary are in the construction business and own their own construction trucks

Photograph 10-11: The project site contains little vegetation cover primarily containing wild grasses

Photograph 10-12: Existing old water tank structure present on site which will be removed if not required

ANNEXURE-IV

List of Participants of Public Consultations

Public Consultations for development of Wholesale Market Development (Rawalpindi)

Participant Name Participant profession

Comment/Issues or Concerns expressed/Suggestions and Requests

Proposed Actions/Measures to address concerns

Mr Muhammad Ajmal

Project Director (AIMS)

Directorate of Agriculture

Punjab, Lahore

Mr. Mohammad Zia Satti,

Assistant Director,

Agriculture & Marketing Department,

Murree Road, Oppposite Arid Agricultural University, Rawalpindi.

Mr Azhar Hussain

Assistant Director,

Agriculture & Marketing Department,

Murree Road, Oppposite

Arid Agricultural

University, Rawalpindi.

Government Official

Project is expected to be extremely beneficial and will result in increased employment opportunities to residents of local community members as well as appreciation of land value to the residents in the project area.

This project will ensure the much-needed regulation of the wholesale trade of fruits and vegetables in this region of the country.

Traders in this region will obtain a platform in the form of this wholesale market for selling and buying goods without the risk of being possibly exploited in different ways.

All required measures will be taken to ensure the community remains comfortable in the post-project environment and through effective management measures, all their concerns will be addressed.

It shall be ensured that through a transparent hiring policy, preference is provided to residents of the project area to enable them to benefit from this project and harness good will.

None Required

Mr Mohammad Shahbaz Alam

Chairman, Supreme Council of Bazaars

Rawalpindi

Mr Kamran Saeed

General Secretary

Council of Bazaars

Rawalpindi

Mr Mirza Anjam

Vice Chairman

Council of Bazaars

Rawalpindi

Mr Sheikh Sohail

Treasurer

Vice Chairman

Council of Bazaars

Rawalpindi

Mr Sheikh Naeem

Senior Advisor

Council of Bazaars

Rawalpindi

Businessmen and Traders

Over 900 traders are eagerly awaiting development of this project so they can start trading through this platform, which is enjoying high expectations from the trader community.

The Government should try and develop this project now on fast track basis since it has been facing repeated delays since many years, leading to frustration amongst the trader community.

The market design should ensure the provision for banks as well as adequate areas for parking to enable movement without any issues within the project premises.

The land acquisition process should be expedited by the Government and the entire process completed at the earliest in order to proceed with project development.

There should be provision for atleast 8 to 10 restaurants offering decent quality of food as well as a mosque

The plot sizes of the shops in the market should be of 10, 5 and 3 marla dimensions to cater to the needs of traders working at different business levels.

The traders were assured that the project is now on the high priority list from the Government and is expected to progress towards development without any hitches.

It was explained and assured to all participants of the discussion that a pre-feasibility study had already been conducted in 2012 for development of the project.

A detailed design of the market will be conducted in the near future in of their suggestions would be kept in mind and would be incorporated wherever possible.

The resettlement and land acquisition expert has also commenced his work and this process is also expected to proceed without any further delays.

Mr Jumma Khan

Mr Saleem Khan

Mr Wazir Khan

Mr Hakeem Khan

Mr Akhtar Muhammad

Mr Gulab Khan

Mr Nazar Khan

Mr Aula Khan

Mr Musa Jaan Khan

Mr Haji Zhareef Khan

Mr Haji Akram Khan

Community residents

The community residents are generally glad the project will be developed at the selected site as this will result in appreciation of land value.

They informed that groundwater is in great abundance and there never has been any shortage of water obtained through bores in each household, even during the long summer months without any rainfall.

The residents expressed concern that there will be a considerable increase in project related vehicle movement, both during the construction and operation phases.

It should be ensured that a transparent hiring policy is implemented with preference given to residents of the project area to enable them to benefit from this project.

A number of community members felt that a number of miscreants such as thieves and robbers will also start frequenting the project site and the project area and could result in a general increase in crime and result in security concerns for the residents, particularly their women and children.

Proposed mitigative actions to address community concerns:

Construction Phase

Project staff and workers will be instructed to avoid interacting with local residents when outside the camp enclosure.

Security guards will be posted at entry points to construction area who will ensure outsiders are kept away from project site and to monitor activities of project related staff and ensure no disturbance to local residents takes place.

Work areas outside project site, especially where machinery is involved will be roped off and will be constantly monitored to ensure that local residents, particularly children stay away. Also, no machinery will be left unattended, particularly in running condition.

Community will be briefed on traffic safety, especially women who are the main care providers to children.

Speed limit of 20 km/hr will be maintained by all project related vehicles on section of roads and passages adjacent to houses near project boundary and nighttime driving of project vehicles will be limited where possible.

Operation Phase

An interface between community and management of the market will be formed through development of a committee comprising of both parties. This platform will jointly develop standard operating procedures and strategies to operate the project in a manner acceptable to the communities in project area with focus on critical sensitivities to be considered.

Committee will discuss and resolve any potential issues and/or concerns raised by local communities regarding the day-to-day operation of the market.