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SEQUENCE OF TENSES

1. Use the verbs in the main sentence in The Past Tense. Make all the necessary changes:1. The captain says that every passenger will abandon the ship.2. She anticipates that the waiter will pour the wine on her dress.3. Father informs the guests that he will make coffee for everyone.4. The employers announce the journalists that they have already settled the dispute.5. The children answer that they have seen the cat stealing the meat.6. The porter says that he has just heard a strange noise.7. He is sure that he will sell all the merchandise by the end of the week.8. Joan says that her friend has been complaining about the traffic.9. Jane says that she hesitates to phone the police.10.I answer him I will be there in time.11.I know he is a very good driver.12.I understand that the teacher confused your name with mine.13.The farmers say that the frost has destroyed the buds.14.He understands that I have been waiting for him too long.15.The hospital officials consider that the disease will spread.16.The weatherman considers that more snow is on the way.17.

It is sure that the employer will introduce a new salary scale.18.I answer him I will be there in time.

19.He says that he has already spent his money.20.I think that I will chop up the meat before frying it.21.He imagines that the viewers will be watching his painting in silent admiration.22.He states that he is responsible for all the crisis.23.She is sure that she will have typed the novel by that day.24.I remember I have been able to dive that time.25.He is sure he has already given my books back.26.They do not allow anybody inside as the show began 15 minutes ago.27.The employees answer that they have been working for 6 months in that company.28.It is clear they will do their best to finish the work in time.29.He is angry as he has been waiting for her in the rain too long.30.Our manager is sure that the strike will have stopped by midday.31.She says she will be working for her test paper this time tomorrow.32.She declares that she will be waiting for him up to the end of her life.33.I think I have found out everything about her plans.34.Grandma believes that the little boy is playing in the garden.35.I know doctor Jespersen is a great practitioner.36.She claims she has been ringing home, but the telephone is probably out of order.37.I can see that she has quickly got accustomed to this new way of life.38.The designer says that these styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.39.He thinks the weather is going to change for the better.40.She replies that she has just bought her new dress.41.She admits that she has been typing all day long.

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2. Use the correct tense instead of the Infinitive in brackets1. The dealer claimed that there (be) an acute shortage of goods.2. He was angry that the police (refuse) to act without more evidence.3. The court declared that the trial (be adjourn) until the following week.4. The newspapers stated that the scientists (advance) a new theory to explain thisstrange phenomenon.5. The president declared that the tax increases (affect) us all.6. The manager said that (be advertise) for a new secretary.7. He was sure that he never (get) his money back.8. The manager asked me what the next item on the agenda (be).9. She said that she (not answer) the phone as she (take a bath) at that moment.10. When I got back home, all my family (watch) TV.11. I (lie) in bed thinking about getting up when the telephone rang.12. Half way to school, Andrew turned round and (go) back because he (forget) to turn

the gas off.

13. We all knew she (have) a hard life, but she always (smile)14. While I (talk) on the phone the children started fighting and (break) the window in

their bedroom.15. We didnt know that you (be) friends.16. The whole family suddenly noticed that the little boy (miss).17. We didnt believe that you (succeed) in selling the merchandise.18. I heard that the manager (be) rather alarmed that you (plan) to leave the company.19. I asked him what his intentions (be).20. He explained me that he (be) sorry he (not telephone) us yet.21. I heard with amazement that he (intend) to reconsider his opinion.22. The technician asked me how long the TV set (be) out of order.23. He denied that they (enjoy) themselves by looking at old photographs for 2 hours.24. The Prime Minister announced that he (resign).25. He told me that it (annoy) him when people (forget) to say thank you.26. I realized that I (have) it in my pocket all along.27. We were told that we (spend) our entire allocation for this year.28. The doctor said that the diet (allow) grandma one glass of wine a day.29. We all noticed that he (hint) to certain developments in his speech and we asked

him what he really (mean).30. We were sure that he (ignore) that bathing (be prohibited) there.31. It was already known that tobacco (be taxed) in most countries along with alcohol.32.

We all knew that she always (love) gardening.33. She (leave) already when I phoned her.

34. Im afraid that the job (become) more and difficult for him.35. I asked him who (be) that pretty girl he (speak to) last night?36. It was amazing that they (not phone) and they (not write) either for such a long

time.37. He was not the only one who (need) help.38. They didnt believe that I (call) before they (do).39. I couldnt imagine you (be) friends!40. Grandma complained that the two children (keep quarreling) all day long.

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3. Replace the Infinitive in brackets by the correct tense. Pay attention to the exceptions tothe rules of the sequence of tenses.

1. They all knew that atomic energy used in science (change) the world.2. The doctor told me that the only cure for stress (consist) in learning to relax.3. I was warned that she (be) a vengeful person.4. They could never understand that only the law of supply and demand as well as

competition (govern) the free-enterprise system.5. They found out that in almost all countries the railway system (be run) by the state.6. When he retired he (work) for forty five years.7. When I got home I felt better. My mother (cook) all day and (warm the house).8. By the time I was forty, I (teach) for 15 years.9. When I came back into the office, the post already (arrive).10.When you visit me next month, I almost (finish) my military service.11.We already (have) lunch by the time you arrived.12.The baby had no sooner eaten the cake then he felt sick.13.My brother said that, according to the law he (join) the army next September.14.I asked him when he (have) our car serviced.15.When I phoned Tim he (not finish) his homework.16.By the time we got to the theatre, the play already (begin).17.The doctor didnt leave until the nurse (arrive).18.Mrs. Smith left the supermarket after she (buy) everything she (need).19.I had just entered the house and the telephone (ring).20.The passengers had fastened their seat belts before the plane (take off).21.Until I promissed him to teach him to ride his bicycle, the child (not want) to eat up

his lunch.22.When we entered the house we realized that the radio (be on) all day long.23.It happened that I (know) him.24.It was known that water (boil) at 1000C.25.I had already begun reading the book when he (come).26.I thought that old people (hate) living in a city.27.I cant help (wonder) where he has disappeared.28.Everyone knows that he (hate) sleeping with the windows closed.29.I was sorry I (not remember) to bring the newspaper.30.Mother was satisfied that her son (help) the old man to put his luggage in the car.

4. Translate into English:1. Mama se ntreb dac fiul ei se simte chiar att de ru sau doar se preface c este

bolnav.2. Copilul l-a ntrebat dac a ncercat vreodat s scrie cu mna stng.3. Sarah a dorit stie dac fratele ei a ajuns cu bine n America.4. Angajaii se ntrebau cui se vor plnge despre veniturile lor mici.5. Mama m-a ntrebat dac mi-am terminat leciile.6. Prietenii l-au ntrebat dac i plcea noua slujb.7. Ateptm cu nerbdare s se ntoarc.8. Bunicul mi-a spus c i place s petreac srbtorile cu nepoii.9. Tata era att de cufundat n lectura ziarului nct nu m-a auzit intrnd n cas.10.Copiii au spus c nu au auzit cnd mama i-a chemat n cas.11.mi amintesc c i-am promis s-i scriu n fiecare zi.

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12.Antrenorul, ct i medicul ne-au spus c e bine ca Tim s nvee s noate ct maidevreme.

13.Tata s-a lsat de fumat cnd s-a mbolnvit.14.mi pare ru c am uitat s-i dau banii.15.Copii nu l-au plcut pe profesor dei acesta se strduia din rsputeri.

5. Choose the correct form from among the two given in brackets.1. He told me that his sister (has been married; had been married) three times.2. When I met her she (has been working; had been working) for a year or two.3. We lived in Bucharest until I (was; have been) sixteen.4. The newspaper announced that they (discover; had discovered) a new fuel.5. He said to his friend that Romania (changed, had changed) a lot since he first (had

come; came) here.6. She insisted on ringing the bell but there (was, has been) no answer.7. We anticipated that demand (was, had been) likely to increase.8. He was anxious for his family who (traveled, were travelling) abroad.9. He said that I (will find; would find) him there at any hour of the day.10.I noticed that he (left; was leaving) without speaking to anyone else.11.He promised to be here at four oclock but (didnt turn up; would not turn up) until

six.12.The teacher specifies that what she (has said; was saying) applies only to some of us.13.His opinion was that one (cant; couldnt) fully appreciate foreign literature when

translated.14.The coach told me that the club (was made; had made, made) an approach to a local

business firm for sponsorship.15.It is a sign of progress that cable TV (has been; is) around for some time now.16.He was angry he (was aroused; had been aroused) from his nap by the doorbell.17.It seemed he (felt, was feeling) ashamed of having done so little work.18.The old woman was ashamed she (fell; had fallen) asleep during the sermon.19.It is a historical fact the USA (has assimilated; assimilated; is assimilating) people

from many different countries.20.I noticed that the men (were assisting, have assisted) the police in their inquiries.21.He declared that he (has never associated; had never associated) himself with political

extremism.22.She declared she (attempts; would attempt) to beat the world record.23.

He was afraid his new play (has attracted; would attract) o good deal of criticism24.The weatherman claimed that it (has been; it was one) of the coldest autumns in years.

25.He complained that instead of making progress, his work (seems; seemed) to havecome to a halt.

26.At the end of the year, the general manager declared that despite some failures ourfirm (has had; had had) quite a good year on balance.

27.At the beginning of the negotiation the members of the committee were sure that they(will reach; reached; would reach) an agreement.

28.The Prime Minister stated that the Governments main aim for the following year(will be; is; would be) to beat the inflation.

29.Mother said to her little doughter that such language (does not become; wouldntbecome; didnt become) an educated child.30.They said that they (would have accomplished; would accomplish) their work by theend of the week.

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31.The boys made believe that they (were; would be) astronauts.32.She confessed that she (had; has) no relatives besides an aged aunt.33.She said she (was, would be) sorry, but her eyes betrayed her secret delight.34.The Prime Minister declared that reducing the gap between the rich and the poor (is;

was; would be) the main challenge facing the present government.35.He told me that he (will see; see; would see) Mary in a few days time.36.One of these days he will realize what a fool he (has been; he will be).

1. Traducei n limba englez: Urmare lrgirii negoului s-a trecut de la sistemul simplist al trocului la folosireaanumitor mrfuri ca msur a valorii, ca un echivalent general pentru restul produselor.Drept instrumente pentru efectuarea plilor au fost folosite de-a lungul timpului diferite

produse ca vite, cereale, blnuri i unele obiecte cu valoare simbolic recunoscut, depild pietrele deosebite sau scoici, ajungndu-se la o utilizare generalizat a metalelor

care vor ncepe mai apoi s fie btute ca monede.Tbliele de lut gsite stau mrturie c mai nainte nc de legiferarea lsat de

Hamurabi, templele din Babilon aveau o activitate ce poate fi asemuit n unele privinecu aceea a instituiilor bancare moderne. Aezmintele nchinate zeilor acumulaser mari

bogii imobiliare ori mobiliare, aveau pmnturi, cirezi, ateliere, unelte, sclavi, depozitede cereale, stocuri de lingouri de metale preioase. Aceste avuii nu conteneau s fiesporite att prin munca sclavilor ct i prin mprumuturi cu dobnzi mari.

Radu Negrea Banii i Puterea

7. Choose the appropriate verb and fill in the blanks in the correct form:The past century 1 one in which mankind 2 great pride. The world was of

enormous ferocity and the cruelty and ignorance 3 in more regional skirmishessometimes 4 us to question whether humanity 5 anything of value in the past 5,000years. But perhaps that is a harsh judgement on a century that 6 remarkable progress inscience and technology and 7 the vision, or the illusion, of a superior quality of life fora greater number of people. Vision or illusion 8 on the way in which men and womenof perception and imagination 9 and use the ideas, tools and techniques now availableto them for the greater good of all. The conditions 10 to make great strides forward inthe perenial battle against ignorance and prejudice. But for this to happen the next century11 the learning century, 100 years of the realizing of innate human potential. Analternative scenario, in which the powerful new technologies 12 to control us, or are

used by the few to control the many 13 are acceptable option

Start, depend, exist, tempt, not be, bring, understand, display, learn, create, not be, mustbe, scare.