8/14/2019 pages 300-331

1/31

300

www.astmh.org

Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States, 10Georgetown UniversitySchool o Medicine, Washington, DC, United States, 11University o Florida

School o Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, United States, 12Tuts University

School o Veterinary Medicine, Graton, MA, United States, 13CornellUniversity School o Medicine, Boston, MA, United States

Human babesiosis is a tick-borne malaria-like illness that generally

resolves without complication ater administration o atovaquone and

azithromycin or clindamycin and quinine. Although ailure o antibiotic

therapy to clear Babesia microti parasitemia and associated symptoms in

immunocompromised hosts has been reported, the pathogenesis, clinicalcourse, and optimal treatment regimen remain uncertain. We used a case-

control strategy to compare the immunologic status, clinical course, and

treatment o 14 immunocompromised subjects who suered morbidity or

death ollowing persistence o Babesia microtiinection despite repeated

courses o anti-babesial antibiotics with those o 46 case controls who

cleared inection ater a single course o standard anti-babesial therapy.

All o the case subjects were immunosuppressed at the time o acute

babesiosis compared to ewer than 10 percent o controls. Most subjects

experiencing persistent babesiosis suered rom hematologic malignancies

and were asplenic or had received immunosuppressive therapy shortly

beore initial babesial illness. The cases were more likely than control

subjects to require hospital admission and to suer hematologic,

pulmonary, and renal complications rom acute or relapsed babesiosis.

Three case subjects died o complications related to their babesial

inection. Resolution o persistent disease occurred in 11 patients ater

3 to 10 courses o therapy and administration o a nal antimicrobial

regimen or at least 2 weeks ater babesia were no longer seen on thin

blood smear. In conclusion, immunocompromised patients inected by B.microtiare at risk or the development o reractory babesiosis despite acourse o standard anti-babesial therapy. In order to overcome persistent

disease and achieve cure, such patients require an extended course

o antimicrobial therapy, generally administered or at least 2 months,

including 2 weeks o therapy beyond the time piroplasms are no longer

detectable on blood smear.

046

clinical features of the human bartonellosis(acute carrions disease) in the northern forest ofperu

p e. p, Jorge A. Chancae2, Deysi Medina2, ZoilaVillegas3, Lucinda Troyes3, Nelson Solorzano4, Manuel Cespedes5,Elizabeth Anaya5, Victor Arenas2, Bertha Granda2, AlexanderCanelo3, Luis A. Suarez-Ognio1

1General Directorate o Epidemiology-Ministry o Health, Lima, Peru, 2San

Ignacio Health Center, Cajamarca Department, Peru, 3Jaen Directorate

o Health, Cajamarca Department, Peru, 4Caraz Hospital, AncashDepartment, Peru, 5National Institute o Health, Lima, Peru

Carrions Disease is a reemerging disease in Peru with a broad clinical

spectrum. Coinections and superinections are requent, but this has

been poorly investigated in endemic area. Our aim is to describe the

clinical eatures o the acute Carrions Disease (ACD) in the Northern

orest o Peru as well as the coinections. A cohort study was perormed

in the San Ignacio Health Center, Cajamarca department, located in the

North orest o Peru, between July 2004 and June 2005. All patientswith ever, without known source o inection and without previous

antibiotic treatment, who turned to the San Ignacio Health Center, were

enrolled. During the rst consultation, a clinical-epidemiological survey

was run and blood samples or culture, thin and thick smear, hematologic

and biochemistry analysis, serological tests or inection by Leptospira,

Brucella, Salmonella typhiandparatiphywere taken. People with positive

blood culture to Bartonella were considered as ACD. From 476 enrolled87 were cases o ACD. The median age o the cases was 14 years old

(4 months - 82 years) and 52,3% were male; the main symptoms were

general malaise 97,7%, headache 89%, arthralgias 78,2%, chills 75%,

hyporexia 74%, myalgias 64,4%, abdominal pain 61%, dizziness 45,9%,

cough 45,9%, conjunctival injection 35%, retroocular pain 26,4%,

vomits 23% and diarrhea 21%. The main signs were hepatomegaly 19%,

conjunctival pallor 17,2%, petequiae 11% and splenomegaly 8%. The

main coinections were leptospirosis 16,7% (8/48), rickettsiosis 4% (2/49)

and P. vivaxmalaria 1,2%. The median o hemoglobin was 12,5 g/dl (5.8-16.1). Sensitivity o blood smear was 29,8%. Only 5.5% were inpatients

and the atality rate was 0%. In conclusion, unspecic symptoms are

the most reported and retroocular pain is described or the rst time

in ACD. The conjunctival pallor was unusual and the main coinections

are leptospirosis, rickettsiosis and malaria. The blood smear has a low

sensitivity or diagnostic o ACD.

047

reduction of infant mortality: lessons from cearstate, northeastern braZil (995-2002)

a q. s, Francisca M. Andrade2, Telma B. Queiroz3,Maria P. Martins3, Richard L. Guerrant4

1Federal University o Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil, 2UNICEF, Fortaleza, Brazil,3Secretariat o Health o Ceara State, Fortaleza, Brazil, 4University oVirginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States

Inant mortality (IM) remains a very important public health problem

worldwide. Substantial reductions in IM were observed in the state o

Cear, northeastern Brazil, ater the implementation o a state wide

program. Cear is one o most underprivileged states in the region in

terms o natural resources and had a high inant mortality; 80/1,000live births in 1994. The IM was associated with the lack o exclusive

breast-eeding, insucient prenatal care, inadequate water supplies,

poor sanitation, and illiteracy o mothers. The state ministry o health

implemented the ollowing measures: 1) It increased the number o

community health workers (CHW). Each CHW visited 100 amilies

monthly, provided health and nutrition education, reerred pregnant

women or prenatal care and sick persons to the health unit, taught

water chlorination and supplied chlorine, and collected health data.

2) It greatly expanded implementation o Family Health Teams o one

nurse, one physician, and 10 CHWs or every 1,000 amilies. 3) A

major breast eeding campaign was launched. It included a) training all

health proessionals on the importance and practice o breast eeding

and b) using postal workers to deliver inormation to pregnant women

encouraging prenatal care and breast-eeding. 4) Kangaroo Mother Care

was initiated to provide supplemental care or underweight inants. 5)Human breast milk banks were created in maternity centers. 6) Prizes were

awarded to child-riendly hospitals where 100% o babies delivered were

breast-ed exclusively up to 6 months. From 1995-2002 IM rate in Ceara

decreased rom 80 to 25/1000, a 68% reduction; exclusive breast-eeding

(up to 6 months) increased rom 38% to 64%, an increment o 68%; and

prenatal care increased rom 68 to 90%, an increment o 32%. While

incentivized breast eeding and other aspects o the program were directly

responsible or decreased IM, successul implementation o the program

was dependent on political will and cooperation among multiple agencies.

048

identification of developmentally reGulated Genesin entAmoebA histolyticA

G m. ek, Upinder SinghStanord University, Stanord, CA, United States

Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite and the second leading

cause o parasitic death worldwide. There are two stages in the lie

cycle: a trophozoite that causes disease and a cyst orm that transmits

disease. Encystation is necessary or transmission o the parasite to

new hosts, hence, blocking encystation would prevent spread o the

disease. Unortunately, research into the regulation o this developmental

process has been severely hampered by the lack o an in vitro system o

encystation in E. histolytica. We used E. histolytica clinical isolates, which

contain cysts and a whole-genome microarray-based expression proling

to examine the transcriptomes o E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites.

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

2/31

30

www.astmh.org

We identied that ~15% o the 9,938 annotated amebic genes are

developmentally regulated (672 cyst-specic genes and 767 trophozoite-

specic genes). Among the cyst-specic genes included potential signal

transducing genes such protein kinases and G-protein coupled receptors,

which may play a role in the regulation o the developmental program.

In order to identiy the molecular signature that initiates the encystation

program, we are unctionally characterizing a Myb-domain containing

gene, which was upregulated in cysts. We have conrmed that the

homologue o this gene is upregulated in Entamoeba invadens cysts

suggesting a potential conserved unction in Entamoeba development.

Furthermore, we have demonstrated that overexpression o the Myb-

domain gene in E. histolytica trophozoites initiates a transcriptional prole

consistent with encystation, including expression o cyst wall genes.

Studies to identiy the promoter motis bound by the Myb protein are

underway. This work will help to delineate the molecular basis o stage

conversion in Entamoeba histolytica and lead to potential therapeutic

measures against the cyst orm o the parasite.

(ACMCIP Abstract)

049

cysteine protease activity in schistosomA mAnsoniresistant and susceptible biomphAlAriA glAbrAtAsnails

J c. m, Wannaporn Ittiprasert1, Andre Miller1,Clarence M. Lee2, Matty Knight1, Nithya Raghavan1

1Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States, 2Howard

University, Washington, DC, United States

A strong body o evidence exists or a role o hydrolytic enzymes in the

deense o mollusks against invading parasites. It has been shown that

the levels o these enzymes are elevated in Biomphalaria glabrata snailsollowing exposure to pathogens such as parasitic helminths. The innate

immune response o B. glabrata to Schistosoma mansoniis mediated both

by the cellular (hemocytes) and plasma (hemolymph) components o the

snails internal deense system (IDS). In response to the invading parasite,

the IDS is triggered within a short period post-exposure. This results in

encapsulation o the parasite, where the action o hydrolytic enzymes

released rom the hemocytes and hemolymph may acilitate the death o

the parasite. In the present study, SDS-page gelatin zymology was used toqualitatively determine proteolytic enzyme activity in resistant (BS-90 and

LAC strains) and susceptible (NMRI strains) pre- and post- exposure to S.mansoni. Results indicated that protease activity was higher in parasite

resistant compared to susceptible snails with most activity residing in the

posterior, hepatopancreas, region. Enzyme activity corresponded to a

complex high molecular weight smear (>220 to 66kDa) that was inhibited

by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64. Because parasite exposure was

ound to aect the levels o cysteine protease activity in the snail, a cDNA

library was made rom the hepatopancreas rom which several cysteine

protease encoding transcripts were identied. One o these transcripts

encoded the ull-length cDNA or the cysteine protease, cathepsin B.

Nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis o the snail cathepsin B gene

showed signicant matches to schistosome and vertebrate (human and

mouse) orthologues. In B. glabrata, Cathepsin B was ound to occur as a

single-copy gene. Genetic variation in the Cathepsin B locus in resistant

and susceptible snails was investigated by Restriction Fragment Length

Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and results revealed the occurrence o

polymorphisms between these snails. Real-time Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-

PCR was used to determine the regulation o the Cathepsin B transcripts

in resistant and susceptible snails pre-and post exposure to miracidia.

Results consistently showed that up-regulation o Cathepsin B occurs

shortly ater parasite exposure o resistant but not susceptible snails.

(ACMCIP Abstract)

050

identification of immediate response - Genesdominantly expressed in biomphAlAriA glAbrAtAsnails upon exposure to schistosomA mAnsoniinfection

w i, Andre Nathaniel Miller1, Vish M. Nene2,Najib M. El-Sayed3, Jocelyn Celeste Myers1, Matty Knight1

1Biomedical Research Institute, Rockville, MD, United States, 2Institute o

Genome Sciences and Development o Microbiology and Immunology,University o Maryland School o Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,

3Center or Bioinormatics and Computational Biology, University o

Maryland, College Park, MD, United States

Intermediate snail hosts o parasitic inections are an integral part o the

transmission o intractable chronic diseases such as schistosomiasis. An

understanding o the snail host-parasite relationship at the molecular

level is probably the best chance or the identication o novel tools that

will help block parasite development in the snail. Non-sel responses in

Biomphalaria glabrata towards parasite inection depend on an innatedeense system. This system is characterized by an immediate early

response against miracidia that eliminates the parasite. In this study, we

ocused on the identication o immediate response-transcripts that may

be involved in miracidia destruction beore they develop into sporocysts.

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to reveal the up-regulation o dominantly expressed transcripts in either resistant (LAC) or

susceptible (NMRI) snails 5 hrs post exposure to Schistosoma mansoni.

SSH cDNA libraries were also constructed rom parasite- exposed juvenile

resistant (BS-90) and susceptible (NMRI) snails. One thousand nine

hundred and twenty Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were generated

rom these libraries and clustered. We identied 41 dominantly expressed

genes rom parasite-exposed susceptible snails. These included transcripts

encoding antioxidant, cell structure/signaling, immune related, metabolic/

mitochondrial, transduction/translation and various enzymes. From the

resistant snail-specic SSH libraries, ESTs generated included 25 genes

that were up-regulated in these parasite-exposed snails. These included

a similar repertoire o gene transcripts as those ound in the susceptible

parasite-exposed snails. Real time PCR was used to veriy the specicity

o transcription in resistant and susceptible snails at dierent times post-

exposure. Immediate deense response genes were identied rom the

resistant snail. These included cytidine deaminase and 2 deense-related

transcripts that were dramatically up-regulated shortly ater exposure.

Similarly, results showed that several receptor-encoding transcripts,

including lectin-like receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor and receptor

or protein kinase C, were signicantly up-regulated in exposed susceptible

but not in resistant snails. Dierences in the relative expressions o the

SSH transcripts identied in resistant and susceptible snails pre-and post

exposure will be discussed.

(ACMCIP Abstract)

05

anti-transmission dna vaccine for schistosomiasisJaponica in china

ak a. dd, Li Yuesheng2, Tie Xiong2, J. Zhou2, Gail M.Williams3, Donald P. McManus4, Feng Zheng5, Xinling Yu2, DonaldA. Harn1

1Harvard School o Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, 2HunanInstitute o Parasitic Diseases, Yue Yang City, China, 3University o

Queensland, Herston, Australia, 4Queensland Institute o Medical

Research, Herston, Australia, 5National Institute o Parasitic Diseases,Shanghai, China

Despite intensive control eorts, schistosomiasis remains an endemic,

zoonotic disease o major public health importance in China. In the marsh

and lake regions o China, water bualo account or approximately

75% o disease transmission. In addition to acting as the major reservoir,

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

3/31

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

4/31

303

www.astmh.org

the rst identication o a malaria resistance gene that coners protection

in utero.

055

ip-0, apoptotic and anGioGenic factors associatedwith mortality outcomes in cerebral malariapatients in india

Vidhan Jain1, Nana Wilson2, Henry Armah3, Jon E. Tongren4,

Pradeep K. Joel5, Mrigendra P. Singh5, Avinash C. Nagpal5, A. P.Dash5, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar6, Neeru Singh5, J K.s21National Institute o Malaria Research (ICMR), Jabalpur, India, 2MorehouseSchool o Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States, 3University o Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh, PA, United States, 4Centers or Disease Control and Prevention,

Atlanta, GA, United States, 5National Institute o Malaria Research (ICMR),Jabalpur, India, 6Centers or Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,

United States

We conducted a prospective study in Jabalpur, India to assess the burden

o neurological outcomes associated with cerebral malaria was conducted.

The goal o this study was to understand the immunopathological

mechanisms involved in cerebral malaria and to identiy peripheral

biomarkers (cytokines, growth actors, ligands, etc.) implicated in

malaria severity that may be utilized to predict prognoses o severe CM

cases in India. The central hypothesis is that altered levels o intereron

inducible protein (CXCL10), soluble tumor necrosis actor receptor 1

and 2 (sTNFR1, sTNFR2), vascular endothelial growth actor (VEGF) and

platelet derived growth actor (PDGFbb) in cerebrospinal fuid (CSF)

and plasma o CM patients are predictive or neuronal injury, cognitive

impairment and mortality associated with CM. We comparing dierent

malaria groups (healthy controls [HC], mild malaria [MM], cerebral

malaria survivors [CMS], and cerebral malaria non-survivors [NSCM]) and

investigated the immunological proles o various biological mediators

(IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-

13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, Fas-ligand [Fas-L], soluble Fas [sFas], FGF basic

protein, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-, IP-10, MCP-1 (MCAF), MIP-1, MIP-1,

PDGF bb, RANTES, TNF-, sTNFR 1, sTNFR 2, TGF-, and VEGF) in order

to understand the role o immune actors which infuence progression to

severe outcomes associated with CM. Our ndings suggest potential roles

or IP-10, apoptotic actors and angiogenic actors in the cerebral malariaassociated outcomes in Indian patients. The potential use o these results

in establishing a prediction rule or CM prognosis is discussed.

(ACMCIP Abstract)

056

suppression of macrophaGe miGration inhibitoryfactor (mif) in children with severe malarialanemia: role of monocyte acquisition of hemoZoin

G a. a, Yamo Ouma2, Collins Ouma2, TomWere2, Richard Otieno2, Christopher Keller3, Gregory Davenport1,James Hittner4, John Vulule5, Robert Ferrell6, John MichaelOngecha2, Douglas Perkins1

1University o Pittsburgh Graduate School o Public Health, Department

o Inectious Diseases and Microbiology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,2University o Pittsburgh/KEMRI Laboratories o Parasitic and ViralDiseases, Kisumu, Kenya, 3Lake Erie College o Osteopathic Medicine,

Erie, PA, United States, 4Department o Psychology, College o Charleston,

Charleston, SC, United States, 5Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu,Kenya, 6University o Pittsburgh Graduate School o Public Health,

Department o Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, PA, United States

Severe malarial anemia (SMA), caused by Plasmodium alciparum

inections, is one o the leading causes o childhood mortality in sub-

Saharan Arica. Although the molecular determinants o SMA are

largely undened, dysregulation in host-derived infammatory mediators

infuences disease severity. Macrophage migration inhibitory actor

(MIF) is an important regulator o innate infammatory responses that

has recently been shown to suppress erythropoiesis and promote

pathogenesis o SMA in murine models. To examine the role o MIF in the

development o childhood SMA, peripheral blood MIF production was

examined in Kenyan children (aged

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

5/31

304

www.astmh.org

Bamako Faculty o Medicine, Bamako, Mali, 3University o MarylandSchool o Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, 4KEMRI/Wellcome

Laboratories, Kilif, Kenya, 5Lieshare Blood Center, Shreveport, LA, United

States

Malaria has been a major selective orce on the human population, and

several erythrocyte polymorphisms have evolved that coner resistance

to severe malaria. Plasmodium alciparum rosetting, a parasite virulence

phenotype associated with severe malaria, is reduced in blood group O

erythrocytes compared to groups A, B and AB, but the contribution o the

ABO blood group system to protection against severe malaria has receivedlittle attention. We hypothesised that blood group O may coner resistance

to severe malaria via the mechanism o reduced rosetting. In a case-control

study o 670 Malian children, we ound that blood group O was present

in only 22% o severe malaria cases compared to 40-45% o healthy

controls and uncomplicated malaria cases. Blood group O was associated

with a 66% reduction in the odds o developing severe malaria compared

to the non-O blood groups (odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% condence interval

(CI) 0.21-0.54, P

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

6/31

305

www.astmh.org

skin o animals. Furthermore, the immune response generated by these

tick salivary proteins appears to play an important role in resistance to tick

eeding.

062

methodoloGical considerations in describinG thepopulation dynamics of deer ticKs on white-footedmice

e v. Kg, Ivo M. Foppa2, Heidi K. Goethert1, Sam R.Telord1

1Cummings School o Veterinary Medicine, Tuts University, North Graton,

MA, United States, 2Arnold School o Public Health, Columbia, SC, UnitedStates

Studying the population dynamics o deer ticks (Ixodes dammini) isacilitated by counting subadults inesting white-ooted mice (Peromyscus

leucopus), which serve as unbiased sampling devices. Typical summary

statistics or inestation include the mean number o larvae or nymphs

inesting the average mouse. Because macroparasites are usually

overdispersed, such a parametric summary statistic as the mean and

standard deviation is poorly representative. We sought to develop

alternative methods or representing the population dynamics o deer

ticks on white-ooted mice in space and time. Mice were trapped over 8

transmission seasons (1994-2001) on two geographically separated 0.4 ha

grids on Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, where Lyme disease incidence

is among the greatest reported or the U.S. Demographic inormation

and counts o identied tick larvae and nymphs were recorded or each

individual animal (N=1133). More than hal o all mice were uninested

during the typical nymphal or larval activity months. The mode or nymphs

inesting each mouse was 2 or ewer but 2.5% o mice served as host

or more than 10, that is, a small number o mice may unction similar to

super-spreaders in that they are heavily parasitized while the majority o

mice carry a low to moderate tick burden. Total expected productivity o

a trapping grid during a transmission season, estimated by the area under

the curve o a scatterplot o individual inestations by epidemiological

week was more predictive o the subsequent years inestations than

was measuring the association between mean inestations o larvae o

one year and that o nymphs during the next. Alternative methods that

describe the intensity as well as heterogeneity o tick parasitism may

provide us with more realistic parameters to use or predictive models oLyme disease transmission.

063

identification of a natural focus of tularemiatransmission usinG Gis mappinG of infecteddermAcentor vAriAbilis

h G, Sam TelordTuts University School o Veterinary Medicine, N. Graton, MA, UnitedStates

During the last 7 years, Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts has experienced

a prolonged epizootic o tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis

(Ftt). Although the mode o perpetuation remains undescribed, our

previous work on the island has implicated dog ticks, Dermacentorvariabilis (Dv), as a critical element. Using variable number tandem repeat

(VNTR) analysis, we have shown that Ftt on MV is highly diverse, indicative

o long-standing transmission on the island. It may be that such diversity

is maintained by enzootic transmission o Ftt in small isolated natural

oci o transmission. To examine this hypothesis, we sought to map the

location o ticks testing positive or Ftt to determine whether such ticks

cluster together in putative oci. Using a handheld GPS unit, we mapped

86 waypoints along 3 transects approximately 3400m total in length in

a eld site on MV that has sustained a high prevalence o inection since

2002. From 2004-2006 questing ticks were collected at each waypoint

by fagging. Ticks were tested or evidence o Ftt in pools o 6 by PCR

targeting the FopA gene. T icks rom positive pools were then retested

individually. VNTR analysis was done on individual ticks using 4 loci. We

identied an area along the transects, approximately 180m long, where

PCR positive ticks appeared to cluster. O 5106 ticks collected during this

study; 27% (1383) o these were collected rom this section. However, a

disproportionately large percentage o ticks testing positive or Ftt, 54%

(110 o 204 total), derived rom this small area. VNTR analysis showed

that most, 83.8% (171), o the positive ticks harbored one o 2 dominant

haplotypes. These two types were distributed throughout our eld site.

However, o the 33 uncommon haplotypes, 81.8% clustered together in

this one section. We conclude that this 180m transect represents a natural

ocus and is likely to be a source o genetic diversity or Ftt.

064

ehrlichioses in cameroon

l m. nUniversity o Buea, Buea, Cameroon

Ehrlichia are tick-transmitted obligately intracellular gram negative

bacteria o medical and veterinary importance. Two species, Ehrlichia

chaeensis and E. ewingiicause human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis

(HME) and ehrlichiosis ewingii, respectively, two emerging and lie-

threatening human zoonoses. They are transmitted primarily by the Lone

Star tick,Amblyomma americanum, in the United States. E. canis is the

globally distributed cause o canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and is

transmitted by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. E. canishas also been isolated rom a human while E. chaeensis and E. ewingii,

also cause serious disease in canines. E. ruminantium causes cowdriosis,

an economically important disease o cattle in Arica. Reports describing

the prevalence o E. ruminantium in Cameroon are available; however,

the presence o other ehrlichial agents is only being investigated. Recent

molecular and serological evidence suggest that E. chaeensis is also

ound in areas whereA. americanum is not indigenous suggestingthat ehrlichial agents could be maintained and transmitted by dierent

reservoirs and tick vectors respectively. A study was designed to determine

the prevalence o Ehrlichia spp. (E. canis, E. chaeensis and E. ewingii)in human, dogs and tick populations in Cameroon. Results indicate

that in addition to E. canis and E. ruminantium, E. chaeensis and E.

ewingii, agents o important emerging zoonosis circulate in Cameroon. R.sanguineus was identied as a probable vector o E. canis, E. chaeensis

or E. ewingiiwith a possibility o simultaneous inections This studyalso identies E. chaeensis as a prevalent but unrecognized cause oundierentiated ebrile illness in Cameroonian patients. These ndings

oer conclusive evidence that multiple Ehrlichia species are present in

Cameroon and identiy R. sanguineus ticks as a primary vector o Ehrlichiaspecies with the potential to transmit these previously unrecognized

zoonotic agents to humans Cameroon.

065

risK of spotted fever Group ricKettsia infection tou.s. military personnel

Ju Jiang1, Paul C. Gra1, Ellen Y. Stromdahl2, a l. r1Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States, 2US

Army Center or Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Edgewood

Area o Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States

This report describes an investigation to characterize the risk o spotted

ever group rickettsia (SFGR) inection to U.S. military personnel by

evaluating: 1) 10,000 sera rom military members or the presence o

antibodies to SFGR by a Rickettsia rickettsiiantigen adsorbed ELISA and2) 1,399 ticks removed rom individuals presenting to medical clinics

on military bases throughout the country or the presence o rickettsiae

by genus- and species-specic real-time PCR assays. It was ascertained

that 6.0% (597/10,000) o military personnel sera tested were positive

or SFGR-specic antibodies. This SFGR seroprevalence is similar to that

reported rom a previous study perormed on pre- and post-deployment

sera collected rom 865 military personnel during Operation Desert Storm

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

7/31

306

www.astmh.org

(9.8%) and on sera collected rom U.S. civilian populations (4-10%). In

the second part o the study it was determined that o 808 Dermacentor

variabilis and 220Amblyomma americanum ticks evaluated none were

identied as having Rickettsia rickettsiithe causative agent o RockyMountain spotted ever (RMSF). However, 47 o the 808 (5.8%) D.

variabilis were inected with rickettsiae and 17 (2.1%) o these were R.

montanensis, and one (0.1%) was R. elis. The other 29 (3.6%) rickettsiae

were not identied urther to the species level. O 44 pools containing

5A. americanum individuals/pool 35 pools (87.5%) were positive or R.

amblyommiiand no other SFGR. Moreover, 246 (66%) o 371 additional

A. americanum ticks tested were positive or R. amblyommii. The highprevalence o antibody to SFGR among U.S. military personnel and the

high prevalence o SFGR inected ticks recovered rom humans detected in

this study suggests that U.S. military personnel are at risk o inection with

SFGR but the risk o inection solely due to R. rickettsiiappears to be low.

This conclusion is especially important in light o the recent reports o the

previously thought to be non-pathogen R. parkericausing SFGR disease inmilitary personnel.

066

human antibody-reactive epitopes on theconserved 47 Kda antiGen of orientiAtsutsugAmushiand their similarity to epitopes onhuman serine protease

Hua-Wei Chen1, Hui Wang1, Gregory A. Dasch2, w-m cg1Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States, 2Centers

or Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States

Scrub typhus is an acute, ebrile disease caused by inection with Orientia

tsutsugamushi. One o its immunodominant antigens is a conserved 47

kDa protein, a homologue o heat shock protein HtrA. To identiy the

human antibody-reactive epitopes on this antigen, a series o overlapping

decapeptides encompassing the whole Karp strain protein were

synthesized by solid phase pin technology. A modied ELISA was used to

measure the immunoreactivity o sera rom scrub typhus patients to each

o the peptides. All o the ve patient sera tested reacted with peptides

located near the N-terminus and rom amino acid 377 to the C-terminus.

Two peptide clusters and three peptide clusters were identied near the

N-terminus and C-terminus, respectively. The reactivity o each serum

toward the central part o the protein was highly patient specic. Thiscentral part (aa 85-235) exhibited a high degree o sequence homology

with human serine protease11. Collectively, 10 peptide epitopes were

identied in this region. Previously we constructed a DNA vaccine plasmid

expressing the conserved 47 kDa antigen o Karp strain (pKarp47) which

provided 70-100% homologous protection, 80% protection against

three antigenically unrelated strains, only partial protection against three

other strains and no protection against another ten strains in a mouse

challenge model. Although immunized mouse sera did not react with the

recombinant human protease11, the identication o peptide epitopes

with sequence homology to human protein has raised concern about

possible autoimmune responses i this antigen were used as a vaccine

candidate. Elimination o the central part o the 47 KD antigen to avoid

introducing potential cross-reactive epitopes may enhance the saety o

the vaccine candidate.

067

artemisinin derivatives accumulate withindiGestive vacuole-associated neutral lipid bodies inplAsmodium fAlcipArum

c l. hg, Andrew S. Rosenthal2, John D Angelo2,Gary. H. Posner2, Roland A. Cooper1

1Old Dominion University, Norolk, VA, United States; 2Department oChemistry and Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore, MD, United States

Artemisinin (ART) is one o the most valuable antimalarials currently

available. The activity o ART against Plasmodium is due to cleavage o

the endoperoxide bridge by errous heme iron predominantly located in

the parasite digestive vacuole (DV). This reaction initiates the ormation

o cytotoxic ART intermediates that may alkylate heme and proteins.

To provide urther insight into the targets o ART, we used microscopic

imaging to study the cellular distribution o novel fuorescent ART

derivatives in living malaria parasites. Exposure o P. alciparum-inectederythrocytes to the trioxane derivative (12C) resulted in rapid accumulation

o fuorescence within neutral lipid bodies (NLBs) associated with the DV

exterior. Pre-treatment o cultures with ART demonstrated a 75% decrease

in total accumulation o 12C signal within NLBs. In contrast, pre-treatment

with deoxydihydroartemisinin (DeoxyART), an inactive derivative lacking

the endoperoxide, had little eect on 12C localization. Additionally,

application o a fuorescent deoxy-dimer derivative (DeoxyASR) ailed

to produce NLB-associated fuorescence, conrming necessity o the

endoperoxide pharmocophore or the observed drug accumulation. TLC

analysis o parasite lipid extracts ollowing exposure to ART and ART

derivatives supported peroxidation, as opposed to alkylation, o lipids.

This was conrmed in parasites through microscopic evaluation using

an oxidation sensitive lipid probe. In the parasite DV, NLs associate with

heme and promote hemozoin ormation. We propose that ART activated

by heme iron within this NL environment may increase heme-catalyzed

peroxidation o these vital cellular components. This process could be

essential to the antimalarial capability o ART and its derivatives.

068

a larGe retroposon family is involved in thereGulation of Gene expression in the protoZoan

m m, Frderic Bringaud, Annie Rochette, MartinSmith, Elodie Ghedin & Barbara Papadopoulou

Inectious Diseases Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Department oMedical Biology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

Leishmania are unicellular parasites that exist in two developmental

stages: ree-living promastigotes in the alimentary tract o a sandfy vector

and intracellular amastigotes residing in phagolysosomes o mammalian

macrophages. These developmental stages display distinct morphologic

and metabolic characteristics, consistent with a highly regulated level o

dierential gene expression, which is central to the parasites intracellularsurvival. In Leishmania stage-regulated gene expression is oten mediatedby sequences within 3-untranslated regions (3UTRs), since these parasites

have lost the ability to regulate transcription initiation. Using in-silico

screening and bioinormatic analyses, we have recently identied two

new amilies o widespread extinct retroposons (more than 2000 in

the Leishmania genome), LmSIDER1 (short interspersed degeneratedretroelements) and LmSIDER2, that are predominantly located within 3-untranslated regions o Leishmania mRNAs. We investigated the regulatorypotential o these elements, using microarray analyses, reporter gene

assays and polysome proling studies and ound that members o the

LmSIDER1 amily are associated with stage-specic translational regulation

by enhancing binding o SIDER1-containing mRNAs to highly translating

polyribosomes. Interestingly, members o the LmSIDER2 retroposons are

also involved in the regulation o gene expression, however, they act on

the level o mRNA stability and promote destabilization o SIDER2-bearingmRNAs. Microarray analysis combined to actinomycin D assays indicate

that several SIDER2-containing Leishmania transcripts are low abundantand short lived, suggesting a common mechanism to regulate multiple

genes in a coordinated manner. The considerable expansion o SIDERs

within 3UTRs and their role in regulating gene expression support that

Leishmania have recycled and probably expanded these elements to ulllcritical regulatory unctions. We are currently investigating the mode o

action o these widespread retroposons and the underlying molecular

mechanisms that govern developmental gene regulation in this important

human pathogen.

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

8/31

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

9/31

308

www.astmh.org

7Rhi CD8+ T cells rom chronically inected mice were better maintained

ollowing transer into nave mice than their IL-7Rlo counterparts,

suggesting that a stable central memory CD8+ T cell population capable

o antigen-independent survival may be present in an environment where

antigen persists. This population o central memory T cells likely comprise

a subset o parasite-specic cells which have not recently encountered

antigen and thus can preserve long-term T cell memory in situations where

antigen is cleared - such as ater successul drug treatment. Indeed, we

have shown that a T. cruzi-specic CD8+ T central memory populationemerges in mice cured with the drug benznidazole. These results suggest

that long-term T cell memory can be maintained even in the ace o

antigen persistence during T. cruziinection. Retention o such a memorypopulation could have implications or long-term protection in individuals

successully treated with benznidazole.

073

characteriZation of the apiap2 dna-bindinGproteins in plAsmodium fAlcipArum

e K. d s, Jasdave S. Chahal1, Ilsa Len1, AndrewGehrke2, Martha L. Bulyk2, Manuel Llins1

1Department o Molecular Biology & Lewis-Sigler Institute or Integrative

Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, 2Division o

Genetics, Department o Medicine, Department o Pathology and Harvard/

MIT Division o Health Sciences & Technology; Brigham & WomensHospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

The mechanisms underlying transcriptional regulation in apicomplexan

parasites remain poorly understood. In addition, genome sequence data

has revealed a dearth o specic transcription actors inApicomplexa.

Conserved regulatory sequence motis that are sucient or gene

expression in Plasmodium have been poorly characterized and their

cognate DNA-binding proteins remain unknown. We have initiated the

characterization o the role o a predicted amily o putative transcriptional

regulators the Apicomplexan AP2 proteins (ApiAP2) in Plasmodium

development. ApiAP2 proteins contain AP2 domains homologous to the

second largest amily o transcriptional regulators in plants. Plant AP2

proteins play key roles in development and response to environmental

stress. ApiAP2 proteins in P. alciparum show stage-specic gene

expression patterns spanning the 48-hour intra-erythrocytic development

cycle (IDC). We hypothesize that the ApiAP2 proteins may be the masterregulators responsible or the coordination o gene expression throughout

the IDC. Using a high-density protein-binding DNA microarray, we have

assayed the DNA binding properties o AP2 domains rom several ApiAP2

proteins. Our results demonstrate that isolated AP2 domains rom ApiAP2

proteins in Plasmodium bind unique and highly specic DNA sequences

ound only inApicomplexa. Furthermore, we have computationallyexamined the 5 upstream region o all plasmodium genes, and nd that

sequence motis bound by our ApiAP2 proteins are signicantly enriched

in genes sharing similar stage-specic gene expression. These genes likely

represent potential downstream targets o our ApiAP2 proteins. This

study provides the rst example o Plasmodium proteins that specically

bind DNA and lays the oundation or exploring the role o ApiAP2

proteins during development. AP2 proteins may prove to be ideal anti-

malarial targets, as they have no counterparts in mammalian systems.

074

polyadenylation stabiliZes translationally-competent mrnas in trypanosome mitochondria

r d. eg, Inna Aphasizheva and Ruslan AphasizhevDepartment o Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School o Medicine,University o Caliornia, Irvine, CA, United States

Polyadenylation is a ubiquitous mechanism regulating mRNA stability,

although the unctions o the poly(A) tail are phylogenetically divergent

and may vary between cellular organelles. In human mitochondria poly(A)

tails stabilize mRNAs, whereas in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts

polyadenylation serves as a degradation signal. We have identied the

trypanosomal mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase, termed kPAP1, as a

protein homologous to terminal uridylyl transerases (TUTases). kPAP1

is a developmentally regulated gene that is essential or mitochondrial

unction. The inhibition o kPAP1 expression results in loss o both the

short (~20 nts) and long (~120-250 nts) poly(A) tails, ollowed by the

rapid decay o non-edited and edited mRNAs. The stability o pre-edited

transcripts, however, is unaected by the lack o poly(A) tails. The uridine

insertion/deletion editing directed by a single guide RNA is sucient to

switch the unction o the pre-existing poly(A) tail rom a neutral to a

stabilizing signal. In the mitochondrial extract, kPAP1 exists as part o

high-molecular weight complexes that interact with the 20S editosome

and RNA Editing TUTase 1 (RET1). The recombinant kPAP1 and the

anity-puried kPAP1 complex are capable o adding only short A-tails to

synthetic RNA substrates, but not the long poly(A) tails reported in vivo.

We urther demonstrate direct involvement o RET1 into mRNA processing

via contribution to the synthesis o a unique 3' end structure. In our

model, kPAP1 synthesizes a short poly(A) tail thereby creating a platorm

or the recruitment o RET1 and possibly other actors. A long (A/U)

heteropolymer o ~ 100 nucleotides in length is then added to the short

A-tail o ully edited mRNAs by the concerted action o RET1 and kPAP1.

075

a conserved basic Groove on aldolase mediates

mic2 cytoplasmic tail and f-actin bindinGG. l s, Miguel St-Jean, Jurgen Sygusch & L. DavidSibley

Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States

Apicomplexan parasites rely on actin-based motility to drive host cell

invasion. To power motility, actin laments must be coupled to surace

adhesions in the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (TRAP)

amily. This crucial linkage is provided by the glycolytic enzyme ructose-

1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Prior investigations have demonstrated

aldolase orms a critical bridge between actin laments and the short,

acidic, cytoplasmic tail o the adhesin. By virtue o its key role in glycolysis,

aldolase is a highly conserved enzyme at the levels o sequence, structure,

and unction. Based on published crystal structures, we developed a

molecular homology model o Toxoplasma gondiialdolase and identied

a large, basic, surace-exposed groove along each monomer o thetetrameric enzyme. Guided by this model, we selectively mutated several

charged residues to alanine. The basic residues identied in the current

study are conserved in the Plasmodium alciparum aldolase and, based

on co-crystallization studies, have been implicated to participate in the

association with the C-terminus o TRAP. Homology modeling supports a

similar interaction between aldolase and the MIC2 C-terminus. We tested

this model using biochemical analysis, investigating three critical unctions

o aldolase: substrate catalysis, binding to the C-terminal tail o MIC2 and

interaction with F-actin. Our studies reveal the aldolase binding surace

or the MIC2 tail overlaps with the enzyme active site, yet adhesin binding

and substrate catalysis can be separated as two distinct sub-domains on

the surace o aldolase. In contrast, the interactions between aldolase

and F-actin and the MIC2 tail appear to be completely overlapping. These

ndings identiy specic mutations that will allow dissection o the role o

aldolase in bridging to TRAP-adhesins in vivo.

076

identification of a Gpi-anchored theileriA surfAceprotein potentially involved in cytoKinesis

Gongda Xue1, Martina Peyer1, c s, PascalHermann1, Peter Btikoer2, Adrian Hehl3, Dirk Dobbelaere1

1Vetsuisse Faculty, Division o Molecular Pathology, University o Bern,Switzerland, 2Institute o Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University

o Bern, Switzerland, 3Institute o Parasitology, University o Zurich,

Switzerland

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

10/31

309

www.astmh.org

The apicomplexan protozoal parasites Theileria parva and Theileriaannulata cause diseases in cattle known as East Coast Fever and tropical

Theileriosis. Sporozoites invade leukocytes where they develop into a

syncytial schizont, which resides reely in the cytosol and activates anti-

apoptotic pathways and continuous host cell prolieration. Parasite and

host cell cytokinesis are synchronized and the parasite appears to use the

mitotic spindle apparatus to ensure its distribution over the two daughter

cells. Recently, we have identied a parasite gene encoding a 34 kDa GPI-

anchored protein (gp34) that may be involved in this process. Antibodies

raised against gp34 label the schizont surace. When expressed in HeLa

cells, gp34 localizes to the plasma membrane. Ectopical expression o

soluble orms o gp34, revealed cell cycle-dependent co-localization with

M phase structures (spindle poles, spindle microtubules and midbody) and

also provoke host cell multinucleation in Theileria-inected macrophages.Induction o multipolar spindles in Theileria-transormed cells conrmed a

spindle pole association o the parasite. We used GST-gp34 usion proteins

in pull-down experiments to screen or proteins known to be associated

with M phase structures. Among the interacting proteins are -tubulin,

Plk1 as well as important components o the chromosomal passenger

complex and the central spindlin complex. We could demonstrate that

gp34 unctions as an in vitro substrate or Plk1 and GST-gp34 was ound

to bind in vitro translated orms o Plk1. These ndings are strengthened

by the observation that endogenous and ectopically expressed Plk1

localize to the parasite surace in a cell-cycle dependent manner. Taken

together, these ndings point towards a potential role or Theileria gp34 in

the host-parasite interactions during host cell mitosis and cytokinesis.

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

11/31

30

www.astmh.org

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

12/31

A-Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Author Index

A

A-nuegoonpipat, Atchareeya107

Abanobi, Okwuoma C. 100

Abbassy, Magda M. 61Abdelhamid, Mohamed 731Abdukhalilova, Gulnara K. 744Abdul Rahman, Sohayati 954Abdulla, Maha-Hamadien 292Abdulla, Salim 95, 342, 529, 537,

633, 676, 830Abel, Jason A. 614Abo-Shehada, Mahmoud 64,

397Aboi, Madaki J. K. A. 494Abot, Stephen 304Abraham, David 89Abrams, Jerry 102Abu Ayyash, Luma 402, 889

Abudho, Bernard 310Achan, Jane 705Acharya, Deepak B. 92Achee, Nicole L. 60, 63, 332, 583Acholonu, Alex D. W. 280Acosta, Luz 70, 335Acuna-Soto, Rodolo 732Adam, Ishag 635Adama, Soumahoro 496Adams, A. P. 278Adams, David P. 498Adedapo, Aduragbenro D. A.

99, 44Adedeji, Ahmed A. 88, 527Adegbola, Richard 384Adelman, Zach N. 643Adema, Coenraad M. 285, 299,

029

Ademowo, George O. 547Ademowo, Olusegun G. 155,

179, 495Adeyea, Christopher A. O. 994Adimi, Farida 185Adjei, Ohene 388, 389Adjei, Samuel 504, 637Adjuik, Martin 103Adler, Adam J. 62Adu, Festus D. 994Aeby, Eric 070

Aolabi, Bangmboye 692Agawo, Maurice O. 598Agbenyega, Tsiri 651Agbor, Jean Pierre 1027Ager, Arba L. 173, 174, 822Agnamey, Patrice 634, 717Agnandji, Selidji 10Agola, Eric L. 336Agrawal, D. 378Agrawal, N. 378Agrawal, Swati 1069Aguiar, Joao C. 217, 574

Aguiar, Marli 997Aguilar, Patricia V. 927, 994Aguilar-Gonzlez, Sonia 272Aguinaga, Juan G. 371Aguirre, A. Alonso 467Ahamed, Shakil 966

Ahmed, Be-Nazir 281, 955Ahmed, R. 341Ahmed, Sabeena 609Ahn, Myoung-Hee 607Ahn, Sun-Young 157Ahn, Yvonne 680Ahouidi, Ambroise D. 02Aide, Pedro 8, 9, 306, 572Aiki-Raji, Comort O. 994Aimaku, Christopher O. 179Aitken, Elizabeth 808Ajariyakhajorn, Chuanpis 2Ajayi, Ikeoluwapo O. 404, 406,

407

Akaki, Mayumi 366Akanbi, Mathew O. 547Akanbi, Olusegun M. 55Akanmori, Bartholomew D. 192,

195, 198Akhwale, Willis 338, 339, 351,

546

Akida, Juma A. 842Akinsola, Adebayo 384Akinyi, Sheila 806Akkoclu, Gulgun 900Akman-Anderson, Leyla 977Ako, Berenger A. 496Akogbeto, Martin 230, 621Akpogheneta, Onome 302

Akter, Selim 636Al-Ali, Faiza M. 79Al-Ani, Mohammad S. Ahmad.

91Al-Shelahi, Fatima A. 79Alaii, Jane 339Alam, Mohammad T. 201, 528,

877

Alangaden, George 719Alarcon-Chaidez, Francisco J. 62Albanese, Chris 146Albers, Anna 389Albonico, Marco 180Albright, Rebecca G. 659

Alcantara, Leda 380Aldstadt, Jared 264Alera, Maria Theresa 760Alessiani, Mario 73Alexander, Neal 358Alger, Jackeline 787Ali, Ehsan 77Ali Khan, Wasi 636Alibert, Sandrine 818Alisjahbana, Bachti 766Alkeilani, Maysaa 91Allan, Sandra A. 254Allary, Marina 367

Allen, A. 207Allen, Angela 1059Allen, Linda 929Allen, Stephen J. 1059Allicock, Orchid M. 66Allison, Geneve 609

Almela, Maria J. 511, 826Almendares, Olivia 787Almeras, Lionel 238Almirn, Walter R. 398Alonso, E. 511Alonso, Pedro L. 8, 9, 306, 572Alpers, Michael P. 1059Alpha, Adamou 1022Alphonsus, Kal 422Altamura, Louis A. 62Althabe, Fernando 787Aluma, Simon 96Aluvihare, Chana 240Alvarez, Angela 512, 513

Alvarez, Jorge I. 34Aly, Ahmed S. I. 364Ama-Moor, Vicky 717Amador, Domingo 787Amador, Juan Jose 110Ambrosio, Javier R. 273Amemasor, Solomon 637Amengo-Eteego, Seeba 726Ampudia, Elizabeth 577Anantapreecha, Surapee 07Ananth, Cande 703Anaya, Elizabeth 1046Anders, Robin 300, 551, 554Anderson, John F. 263, 590, 646Anderson, Jennier M. 06

Anderson, Karen S. 823Anderson, Michelle 643Anderson, Robert 41Andersson, Neil 645Andrade, Christy C. 660Andrade, Francisca M. 1047Andreadis, Theodore 257, 263,

282, 602Andrews, Kathy T. 65Andrzejewski, Christopher 501,

638Angele, Olivier 81Angov, Evelina 2, 161, 215,

219, 220

Angulo-Barturen, Iigo 512, 513Annan, Zeinab 38Ansong, Daniel 637Anstead, Gregory M. 739Anstey, Nick354, 486, 544, 701Anthony, Gabriel A. 720Anthony, Robert 983Anto, Francis 03, 597, 746Antonelli, Lis R. V.. 312Antonio-Nkondjio, Christophe

872Anumudu, Chiaka 193, 524Anyamba, Assa 989

Anyona, Samuel B. 578Anyorigiya, Thomas 103Apara, A.U. 280Aphasizhev, Ruslan 1074Aphasizheva, Inna 1074Apiwathnasorn, Chamnarn 232

Aponte, John J. 8, 9, 306, 572Aponte, Samanda 837Appawu, Maxwell A. 597Apperson, Charles 402, 589, 889Aradaib, Imad 372Arai, Meiji 208Arai, Satoru 958Arama, Charles 324Aranda, Miguel 738Araujo Castillo, Roger V. 19,

683, 728Araz, Engin 431Arboleda, Margarita 758Arcos-Teran, Laura 400

Ardelli, Bernadette F. 776Arenas, Victor 898, 1046Arvalo, Jorge 475Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam 43Arguello, D. F. 112Arias, Jose 738Arias, Patricia 33Ariey, Frederic 811, 831Arlian, Larry 433Armah, George E. 439, 746Armah, Henry 804, 1055Armando, Gonzalez 33Armien, Blas 28, 8, 764Armijos, Veronica 459Armstrong, Adam 905, 906

Armstrong, Philip M. 257, 263,282

Arnathau, Cline 38Arnold, Shannon 965Aronson, J.F. 278Aronson, Naomi E. 379Arostegui, Jorge 645Arriens, Sandra 785Arrigo, N.C. 278Arrigo, Nicole C. 65Arriola, C. Sofa 30Arrospide, Nancy 972The ART Costing Study Team

704

Arterburn, Jeery 923Arvay, Melissa 439Arvelo, Wences 17Asante, Kwaku P. 726Asare, Kwaku 804Asgary, Ramin G. 408Asghar, Rai 678Ashley, Elizabeth 974Ashorn, Per 808Ashra, Mohammad 149Ashra, Yusra Pervaiz 678Asmah, Richard H. 746Asnis, Deborah 77, 813, 902

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

13/31

A-2 Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Asoala, Victor 597Assis, Juliana d. 482Assmar, Mehdi 474Astete, Helvio 623Astete, H. 930Atibu, Joseph 703Atkinson, Peter A. 945Atuguba, Frank 103Aubry, Maite 449

Audcent, Tobey A. 427Auguste, Albert J. 616, 688Auld, Andrew 736Auli, Alyson 187Avendao, Adrian 894Avery, Mitchell A. 639, 862Avery, Melissa F. 890Avery, Thomas 654Aviles, William 86, 110Avril, Marion 49, 580Awandare, Gordon 20, 200, 321,

548, 549, 694, 707, 056Awes, Abdulkadir A. 546Awinie, Elizabeth 726Awobode, Henrietta O. 193Awobusuyi, Jacob O. 651Awono-Ambene, Parait 38, 872Ayala, Diego 027, 1035Ayala, Marta 797Ayala, Virgilio 403Ayala-Lpez, Aurimar 09, 458Ayanul, Ruth 211Aybar, Viterbo 30Ayede, Idowu 193Azab, Mohamed A. 94

B

B, Bernadin 496Ba, Yamar 466Babu, Subash 666Babur, Cahit 431Bacellar, Olivia 312Bacon, David J. 203, 46, 475,

525, 526Badiane, El-Hadji 935Badusche, Marlis 949Bagayoko, Mamadou W. 508,

856Bage, Jose T. 476Baggett, Henry 327, 329, 330,

331, 908, 911, 915Bagheri, Farideh 474Bai, Ying 330, 331, 908Baja, Abdullah 676, 830Bakare, Adekunle A. 621Baker, Anthony 713Baker, Joanne 187Baker, Murray 692Baker, Virginia S. 692Balabaskaran, Praveen 855, 857,

859Balakathiresan, Nagaraja

Sethuraman 946Balbino, Valdir Q. 397

Balcaitis, Stephanie 580Balcioglu, Cuneyt 791Balderrama, M 1001Baldwin, Carson 125Balkan, Suna 974Balkin, E. Asher 39Ballou, Ripley 8, 9, 10, 218, 572,

578Balmaseda, Angel 25, 110, 645,

684Balogun, Tunde 88, 527Balsitis, Scott 6, 116, 7Bamgboye, Aolabi 99, 406, 407Banania, Glenna 304Banda, Cesar A. 541Bandi, Claudio 389Banfeld, Christine E. 297Baniecki, Mary Lynn 652, 935,

821Banu, Shakila 281, 955Barban, Veronique 443Barbe, Jacques 818Barbollat, Laetitia 973Barbosa, Arnoldo 9

Barbosa-Solomieu, Valrie 44,455

Baret, Eric 818Barillas-Mury, Carolina 39, 243,

885, 941, 1037Barker, Christopher M. 584Barker, Robert 652Barnett, Adrian G. 290Barnor, Jacob S. 275Barnwell, John 338, 339, 806Barn, Olga 886Barre, Jerome 76Barennes, H. 1005Barrett, Alan D. T. 660

Barron, Eduardo A. 29Bart, Jean-Mathieu 377Barth, Erin N. 555Barthel, Robert V. 76Bartholomay, Lyric C. 953Bartkovjak, Marian 7Barzaga, Naile 813Basez, Mara-Gloria 385, 772,

773

Basler, Christopher F. 927, 994Bassat, Quique 8, 572Bassirika, Issiaka 496Bastos, Melissa S. 697Bates, Paul 792Bathini, Nagendrababu 63

Baton, Luke A. 40Batsa, Linda 388, 389Battelli, Giorgio 73Batty, Kevin T. 50, 638, 1007Baus, Esteban G. 400Bausch, Daniel G. 186, 259Bayard, Vicente 118Bayat, Babak 44Bayoh, M N. 587, 595Bayoh, Nabie 036Beach, Raymond 175Beasley, David W. C. 660

Beatty, Mark E. 768Beatty, P. Robert 6, 116, 117Beaty, Barry 641, 892, 893, 932Bebell, Lisa 340, 706Becerra-Artiles, Aniuska 24Beck, Hans-Peter 973Becker-Dreps, Sylvia I. 228Beckett, Charmagne 5Beckham, Simone 433

Beckius, Miriam 715Beerntsen, Brenda 490, 493,

798, 861Beeson, James G. 300, 301, 550,

551, 552, 554Beesoon, Sanjay 690Begum, Ramie H. 202Behets, Frieda 228Behr, Charlotte 195, 198Bei, Amy K. 63, 1021Beier, John C. 894, 1026Bejarano, Zulma 837Belizn, Jos 787Bell, David J. 003Bell, Jerey A. 880, 883Bell, Christine E. 75Beltran, Manuela 756Beltrn-Alzate, Juan C. 78Benante, John Paul 63Benitez, Jesus 796Benjamin, Seleena 897Bennett, Adam 177, 184, 560Bennett, Corey J. 661Bennett, Kent 1008Bennett, Shannon N. 958Bennuru, Sasisekhar 665Bergel, Eduardo 787Bergman, Lawrence W. 802Bergmann-Leitner, Elke S. 12,

6, 215, 220Berman, Josh 00Bern, Caryn 627, 786Bernabe, Antonio 680Bernal, Maruja 750Bernal, Oscar 974Bernard, Kristen A. 659, 661Bernard, Nicholas 301Bernhard, Sonja 476Bernhardt, Scott A. 64Berrada, Zenda L. 50Bertholet, Sylvie 141Besansky, Nora J. 1027, 1035Besso, Kovi 756Bethel, Jerey 469

Betley, Beverly A. 517Beverley, Stephen M. 630Bhalla, Ashish 432Bharti, Praveen K. B. 20Bhattacharjee, Apurba K. 63,

503, 656, 817, 819Bhoi, Sanjeev 410, 742Bhonsle, Jayendra B. 656, 817Bia, Frank 1045Biddle, Andrea K. 228Bilenge, Constantin M. Mia. 476Bin Nisar, Yasir 678

Binka, Fred 439, 746Birnbaum, Ron A. 63Birren, Bruce W. 162, 368Biru, Estianos 700, 849Bishar, Rima 741Bixby, Lisa M. 072Bjrkman, Anders 837Black, Carla L. 307, 30Black, William C. 232, 625, 626,

641, 867, 1038Blackley, Shanley 3Blair, Carol D. 231, 279, 455, 641Blair, Patrick 681, 766Blaney, Joseph E. 24, 347Blank, Lydia R. 96Blanton, Elizabeth 15Blanton, Ronald 296Blaze, Marie 356Blazes, David L. 19, 104, 683,

728, 903Bledzka, Alicja 781Block, Karla 345Bloland, Peter B. 529, 633, 676,

830Blum, Lauren 933Boakes, Eve 773Boakye, Daniel A. 386, 596Bob Sakha, Ndeye 831Bockarie, Moses 358Bodhidatta, Ladaporn 744Boelaert, Marleen 481, 794Boggiatto, Paola M. 42Boivin, Jean-Francois 383Boivin, Michael J. 695Bojang, Kalia 1004Bolaji, Olayinka M. 88, 527Bolarte, Jose 104, 728Bols-Fernndez, Francisco 273

Bomlitz, Larisa 708Bond, Vincent 804Bonelo, Anilza 759Boni, Maciej 532Bonjardim, Cludio A. 450Booker, Michael L. 824Boonpradit, Pornsiri 107Boonti, Thum 586Bopp, Cheryl 15Boppana, Venkata D. 62Bora, Hema 528Borad, Anoli J. 609Borchert, Nadine 985Borrini, Katty 627Borrmann, Steen 651

Borrow, Ray 384Borstnik, Kristina 653Bosch, Irene 24Bosio, Christopher 867, 92, 993Botero, Sebastian 983Bouana, Belchis 71Bounlu, Khanthong 104Bourgoin, Catherine 238Bourguinat, Catherine 776Boussinesq, Michel 773, 776Bouzahzah, Boumediene 46Bouzaidi-Tiali, Nabile 1070

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

14/31

A-3Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Bowen, Anna 7Bowen, Richard A. 660Bowman, D. D. 399Bowman, Natalie M. 786Boykin, David 605Bradamantis, Florelle 81Bradley, David J. 42Braga, rika M. 697Braga-Neto, Manuel B. 748, 753

Braig, Henk R. 318Branch, OraLee H. 203, 727, 847,

850Brando, Clara 45Brandon, Michelle C. 234Brandt, Je 33Brandt, Walter 48Brasky, K. M. 278Brasov, Ioana 483Brasseur, Philippe 634, 717, 1005Brater, D. C. 520Brattig, Norbert 362, 389, 985Brault, Aaron C. 660Braunstein, Vicki L. 146Bravo, Carmen 513Brega, Sarah 973Breiman, Robert 15, 619Brelsoard, Corey L. 437Breman, Joel G. 224, 534Brea, Judith P. 38Brengues, Ccile 230Brennan, Patrick J. 78Brent-Kirk, Afya 12, 219Brewer, Christina M. 880Breysse, Patrick N. 962Briceno, Ireneo 583Briceno, Marnie R. 827, 828Bridges, Mickey 55Brieger, William 178

Brindley, Paul J. 289, 1010Bringaud, Frderic 1068Brinning, Douglas 928Britch, Seth 262, 989Brito, Cristiana F. Alves. 568, 570Brito, Gerly A. C. 748Brito, Joo R. M,. 745Bronzan, Rachel 530Brooks, Mohammed 535Brown, Charles 211Brown, Emily M. 998Brown, Heidi 256, 602Brown, Joe 53Brown, James F. 298Brown, Jessica M. 944

Brown, Mark R. 947Brown, Ryan P. 642Brown, Vincent 725Bruder, Joseph T. 11, 48, 304,

581Bruhn, Kevin W. 50, 631Brun, Reto 605Brunetti, Enrico 72, 73, 74, 373,

374

Bryant, Bart 23Bryant, Juliet E. Buathong, Rome 960

Buchy, Philippe 26Buck, Gregory A. 440Bucyibaruta, Blaise 734Buekens, Pierre 473, 787Buetikoer, Peter 1076Buguliskis, Je 531Bhrlen, Martina 637Bujard, Hermann 194Bulla, Lee A. 825, 887

Buluma, Robert 546Bulyk, Martha 1073Bundy, Don A. P. 133Bungiro, Richard 628Burbelo, Peter B. 135Burdan, L 544Burga, Rosa 750Burgess, Steven J. 655Burgess, Timothy 115, 681, 766Burkhard, Peter 45Burkom, Howard 104Burkot, Thomas R. 464, 890Burnette, W N. 102Burns, Jr., James M. 320, 802Burri, Christian 476Busch, Wibke 637Bscher, Philippe 481Bustamante, Dulce M. 2, 403Bustamante, Juan M. 669, 1072Butler, Ashley 125Butman, Bryan T. 48Buttaro, Caitlin 1014Bttner, Dietrich W. 389Bttner, Marcelle 389Buzetti, Wilma A. Starke. 482Bwanika, John B. 96Byarugaba, Justus 352Bystryn, Jean-Claude 46

C

Cable, Richard G. 1044Cabrera, Lilia 749, 786Caccone, Adalgisa 872Caerata, Mara Luisa 787Carey, Conor R. 292, 293Cahill, John 405Cajal, Silvana 89Caldeira, Roberta L. 294Calderon, Carmen 35Calderon, Maritza C. 749Calderon-Arguedas, Olger 894Calderon-Martinez, Jose

Joaquin 893Calderwood, Stephen 18, 609Calisher, Charles H. 932Calvert, Amanda E. 1Calvo, Sarah 489Cama, Vitaliano 266Camacho-Nuez, Minerva 106Camargo, Simone 333Camino, I. 511Campanella, Richard 1034Campbell, Grant L. 1043Campbell, Robert K. 477

Campos, Cornelio 118Canelo, Alexander 738, 1046Canfeld, Craig J. 173, 174Cantin, Beth Ann 782Cantin, Greg T. 370Cao, Q.T. 207Cao-Lormeau, Van-Mai 449Capeding, Maria Rosario 344Cappello, Michael 628

Caram, Mariana 28, 350, 764Caray, C. 930Carcamo, Alvaro 645Carcamo, Cesar 206Cardenas, Rocio 1000Cardinal, Marta V. 394Cardona, William 886Cardona-Castro, Nora M. 78Caridha, Diana 502Carlo, Joelle M. 1032Carlone, George 384Carlos, Daniela C. 137Carlson, Jonathan O. 625Carlton, Jane 850Carr, Kathleen W. 618Carr, Roxanne 90Carrington, Christine V. F.. 616,

688Carrin, R. 930Carrion, Jr., R. 278Carroll, Darin S. 64, 991Carroll, Ryan W. 807Carter, Terrell 10Carvalho, Edgar 312Carvalho, Eunice B. 748Carvalho, Edgar M. 283, 380Carvalho, Luzia H. 570Carvalho, Omar S. 294Carvalho-Queiroz, Claudia 291

Casares, Sofa 581Casseb, Samir M. 755Castaeda, P. 511Castelan-Martnez, Osvaldo D.

188Castellanos, Alejandro 60Castellanos, Anglica M. 57Castellanos-Cuervo, Paula 400Castelletto, Michelle L. 984Castelli, Federica 374Castellini, Meryl 53Castillo, Leticia 28, 764Castillo, Raael 269, 270, 271,

272Castillo, Yesenia 33

Castillo-Bocanegra, Raael 273Castro, Fanny 884Castro, Ibraim C. 748, 752Castro, Luiza A. 931Castro, Marcia C. 227, 261, 845,

848, 85Castro, Nina 266Castro, Neviton 283Castro, Xochitl 403Cator, Lauren J. 253Causer, Louise 338, 339Cavasini, Carlos E. 697

Ceballos, Leonardo A. 394Celermajer, David 486Centeno, Ruth 884Cernetich-Ott, Amy 802Cerqueira, Gustavo 286Cersovsky, Steven 1008Certain, Laura K. 827, 828Cespedes, Manuel 1046Cetina-Trejo, Rosa C. 465

Cevallos, William 328Chagas Jnior, Adenizar 98Chahal, Jasdave 1073Chai, Jong-Yil 567, 608, 840Chaisri, Urai 604Chaki, Prosper 41, 227, 845, 848Chakravarty, J. 378Chal-Balboa, Wilberth G. 151,

152Chambers, Eric W. 890Champagne, Donald E. 393, 642,

947

Chan, Adeline S. T. 483Chan, Joanne 995Chan, Teik-Chye 434Chan Thap, Lon 934Chanama, Sumalee 107Chancae, Jorge A. 738, 1046Chand, Gyan 83Chanda, Pascalina 87, 355, 539,

543, 569, 674Chandra, Praulla K. 247Chandrasekar, P. H. 719Chandre, Fabrice 230Chang, Gwong-Jen. J. 127Chang, Moh Seng 26, 350Chang, Wonsuk 653Chantha, Ngan 28, 764, 897Chao, Chien-Chung 434, 436

Chapilliquen, Fernando 884, 898Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap586

Charlebois, Edwin D. 705, 706Charles, Marie 708Charriere, Fabien 1070Charron, Brigitte 716, 717Charurojpakorn, Chulaluck 515Chattopadhyay, Suchismita 434Chauhan, Chitra 874Chauhan, Kamalesh R. 63Chauhan, Virander S. 222, 566Chaurasia, R. G. 182Chaves, Luis F. 999Checchi, Francesco 974

Checkley, Anna M. 356Chelimo, Kiprotich 303, 556Chen, Chien-Shien 921Chen, Huiyuan 3Chen, Honggen 290Chen, Hua-Wei 436, 1066Chen, Jun Hu 840Chen, Jessica 959Chen, Li-Kuang 127Chen, Lan 345Chen, Nanhua 187, 970Chen, Ping 48

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

15/31

A-4 Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Chen, Wei-June 26Chenet, Stella M. 203, 525Cheng, Pei L. 631Cheng, Qin 187, 563, 829, 970Cherry, Sara 990Cheun, Hyeng-Il 267Chiang, Jannier O. 123, 131Childs, James 256Chille, Masunga M. 842

Chimpeni, Phillips 1003Chimutete, Mutale 355Ching, Wei-Mei 434, 436, 066Chiodini, Peter L. 356Chiou, Shyan-Song 27Chipeta, James 355Chirwa, Brian 841Chisenhall, Daniel M. 470Chishimba, Sandra 229, 938Chitnis, Chetan E. 191, 306Chitnis, Nakul 67Chizema, Elizabeth K. 539Cho, Pyo-Yeon 267Cho, Pyo Yun 284Cho, Shin-Hyeong 538Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya 2Chong, Curtis R. 961Chotivanich, Kesinee 515Chotmongkol, Verajit 428Chou, Tom 205Chouaibou, Mouhamadou S.

865

Chowdhurry, Fahima 18Chowdhury, Imtiaz A. 281Chretien, Jean-Paul 04, 415,

438, 989Christensen, Bruce M. 953Christianson, Diane 1045Chu, Yong-Kyu 923, 929

Chuang, Ching-Kai 126Chuang, Ilin 11, 304, 58Chuang, Ting-Wu 599Chukwuocha, Uchechukwu M.

00, 413, 420Chung, Dong Hoon 923Chuquiyauri, Raul 541Churcher, Thomas S. 385, 773Chuxnum, Teerasak 911Chwaya, Hababu 180CIETNicaragua Dengue Group

645Cislo, Paul 1060Cisneros, Alejandro 106Ciss, Guladio 729

Claborn, David 583Claps, Guillermo L. 398Clardy, Jon 652, 821, 824Clark, Eva 727Clark, Gary G. 65Clark, Kathryn 102Clark, Tamara D. 675Clegg, J.B. 207Clem, Rollie J. 231, 279Clements, David 305Clennon, Julie 896Coberly, Jacqueline 104

Coetzee, Maureen 591Cogswell, Frank B. 509, 639Cohen, Joe 8, 9, 10, 44, 218, 572,

578Cohen, Justin M. 999Colborn, J. M. 856Colborn, James M. 93Cole, Dana 59Cole-Tobian, Jennier 159

Colebunders, Robert 937Coleman, Morton 1045Coleman, Russell E. 185, 401,

444, 483Coler, Rhea N. 141Colley, Daniel G. 307, 310, 664Collin, Nicolas 391, 98Collins, Matthew H. 1072Collins, William E. 509Coloma, Josefna 86, 645Colon, Candimar 754Comer, James A. 281, 955Comte, Eric 722, 974Conn, Jan E. 249, 882Connor, Elizabeth B. 428Connors, Nicholas 530, 1053Conroy, Andrea 799Conway, David 197, 210, 302,

696, 812Cook, Joseph 129Cook, Joseph A. 901, 958Cook, Peter E. 979Cooper, Margarethe 266Cooper, Roland 1067Copeland, Curtis C. 751Coppage, Myra 3Coppens, Isabelle 647Coppi, Alida 505Corbel, Vincent 230

Cordoba, Liliana 249Cordova-Benzaquen, Eleazar627, 786

Cornejo del Carpio, Juan G. 627,786

Corran, Patrick 302, 696Corre, Sandra 214, 831Correa, Margarita M. 249Correa-Oliveira, Rodrigo 291Correnti, Jason M. 1010Cortinas, Roberto 1060Cosio, Gabriela 632Costa, Carlos 391Costantini, Carlo 1027, 1035Coudeville, Laurent 349

Coulibaly, Aliou 508, 856Coulibaly, Cheick 242Coulibaly, Drissa 14Coulibaly, Karim 409Coulibaly, Mamadi 186, 259Coulibaly, Michel E. 952Coulibaly, Yaya 952Courtenay, Orin 792Coutinho, Bruna P. 745, 752, 753Coutinho-Abreu, Iliano V. 64,

397Cowman, Alan F. 300, 550

Cox, Jonathan T. 590Crabtree, Mary B. 1Crat, Noah 150, 631Craig, Philip S. 71Creek, Tracy 16, 17Crespo Ortiz, Maria del Pilar 654Crevat, Denis 443, 454Crill, Wayne D. 127Crockett, Maryanne 920

Cronstein, Bruce N. 311Cropp, Bruce 460Crosby, Seth D. 362, 779Crow, Emily T. 309Crowley, Michael R. 847Crozier, Sarah 812Cruz, Ana C. R. 123, 131Cruz, Karyn 884Cubillas, Luis 884Cui, Liwang 545Cummings, Richard D. 334Curatola, Antonino G. 680Curns, Aaron 439Curtis, Kurt C. 777Curwen, Rachel 296Custers, Jerome H. 44Cutler, Stephen J. 639Cutrera, Ana Paula 67Cuzin-Ouattara, Nadine 846Cysticercosis Working Group in

Peru 30, 31, 371Czesny, Beata 518Czokajlo, Darek 68, 402, 585,

889

D

DAcremont, Valerie 337

DAlessandro, Umberto 206,833, 937, 1005

DAngelo, John 1057DArcdia, Rosane R. 697DOmbrain, Marthe C. 301da Fonseca, Flavio Guimaraes

991da Nbrega, Aglar A. 793da Silva, Alexandre J. 810da Silva, Eliana V. P. 123, 131,

755da Silva, rika V. S.. 137da Silva-Nunes, Mnica 697DaDara, Akram A. 05Dabir, Kounbobr R. N. 24Dabo, Abdoulaye 324Dabod, Elijah 159Dada-Adegbola, Hannah O. 179,

495

Dadzie, Samuel 597Dahlbck, Madeleine 49Dai, Bui 94Daily, Johanna P. 162, 368, 369,

489, 734, 935Dale, James 382, 917Dalvi, Rahul 630Daly, Thomas M. 802

Dama, Souleymane 421, 712,835

Damon, Inger K. 614, 991Daniels, Rachel 204Danko, Janine 115Dantur Juri, Mara J. 398Dao, Adama 588, 1022, 1057Dao, Hoang Thi Nhu 456Dao, M.T. 207

Dao, Nguyen V. H. 94Daou, Modibo 324Dara, Antoine 712Dardick, Kenneth 1045DaRe, Jeana T. 8Das, Manoj K. 528, 877Das, Pradeep 85, 624Das, Suchismita 978Dasch, Gregory A. 1066Dasgupta, Tina 823Dash, Aditya P. 182, 183, 194,

202, 341, 528, 535Dash, A P. 1055Dash, Paban K. 67Daszak, Peter 467, 954, 956, 995

Dave, Kirti 483Dave, Sonia 483Davenport, Gregory 20, 200,

321, 353, 548, 549, 694, 707,1056

David, Makindi 809David, Ryan 405Davies, Stephen 293, 295, 297,

309, 311Davila, Santiago 400Davis, A. P. 314Davis, Derek 187Davis, Larry 663Davis, Margarett 16, 17

Davis, Timothy M. E. 181, 1007Davis-Rivers, Andrea N. 440Dawson, Harry 983Day, Karen P. 649, 059Day, Tim A. 953Dayal, A 90de Bosch, Norma 24de Jesus, Amelia R. 283de Koning, Harry 516de la Garza, M. 278De La Vega, Patricia 217de Luise, Cynthia 517de Monbrison, Frdrique 968,

973de Oliveira, Ana 363

De Paula, Srgio O. 757de Vlas, Sake J. 359De-Cozar, Cristina 171Dea-Ayuela, Maria A. 273Deans, Anne-Marie 702, 1058Debatis, Michelle 629Debrah, Alexander Y. 388, 389deBruyn, Becky 874DeCaprio, David 162DeGaetano, Arthur 265Deininger, Susanne 197DeJong, Randall 1037

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

16/31

A-5Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Dejsirilert, Surang 915Del Cid, Jaime 787del Rosal, Marina 826Delgado, Richard C. 206della Torre, Alessandra 871Delphine, Aldebert 553Delroux, Karine 646Dembele, Benoit 952Dembele, Demba 421, 492, 835,

1057Demir, Samiye 791Demoiti, Marie-Ange 8, 10, 12,

44, 572Deng, Haiyan 514, 639Denis de Senneville, Laure 238Denlinger, David L. 233Dennull, Richard A. 820Dent, Arlene E. 556DeOlivera, Ana 781DeRocher, Amy 647Dery, M. A. 416Desai, Megnha 535Desai, Manish A. 895Desai, M. R. 341Desai, Prashant V. 862Descloux, Elodie 449DeSilva, Erandi 073Desruisseaux, Mahalia S. 805Desta, A. 718Dev, Vas 877Devi, Sangeeta 566Devine, Gregor J. 623Di Paolo, Adriana 89Dia, Ibrahima 466Diabate, Abdoulaye 588, 022Diakite, Souleymane 384Diallo, Abdallah 952Diallo, Boubacar 508

Diallo, Dapa A. 14, 058Diallo, Mawlouth 466Diallo, Souleymane 326Diarra, Issa 324Dias, Sajani 191Diassiti, Angelina 920Diawara, Aissatou 33Daz, Andr 30Diaz, A. 957Diaz, Francisco J. 446DiBlasi, Michael 891Dickason, John 1045Dicko, Alassane 13, 14, 421, 492,

651Dicko, Adama 409

Dicko, A 710Dicko, Yaya 717Diemert, David 13Dieng Sarr, Moussa 935Diet, Tran V. 452Dieye, Alioune 214Dienbaugh, Noah S. 657Diggs, Carter 11, 48, 304, 581DiGiacomo, Giuseppina 158Dillon, Gary 296Dimaano, Eren 119Dimech, George S. 997

Dimopoulos, George 40, 640,943, 978

Dinguirard, Nathalie 030Dinkel, Anke 372Diou, Ababacar 13, 48, 425Diraviyam, Karthikeyan 1002Dituvanga, Ndinga D. 476Diuk-Wasser, Maria A. 256, 602,

060

Djikeng, Appolinaire 286Djimde, Abdoulaye A. 14, 42,

492, 635, 712, 835, 1057Djogbenou, Luc 230Djouaka, Rousseau F. 621Do, Q.A. 207Dobao, Carlota 306Dobbelaere, Dirk A. 1076Dobler, Gerhard 463, 904Dobson, Andrew P. 956Dobson, Stephen L. 437Dodean, Rosie 822Dodoo, Daniel 192Doerner, Frank 722Dohn, Anita L. 138Dohn, Michael N. 38Dokomajilar, Christian 340, 423,

706Dolo, Husseini 952Dolo, Ibrahim 508Dominguez-Galera, Marco 893Doms, Robert W. 612, 990Donelson, John E. 144Dong, Carolyn 369, 489Dong, John 345Dongier, Pierre 383Dongus, Stean 26, 848Donnelly, Christl 349Donnelly, Martin 865

Donner, Marie-Noelle 44Donovan, Michael J. 670Doolan, Denise L. 11, 48, 304,

581Doorley, Sara 408Dorabawila, Nelum 334Dorman, Jerey R. 580Dorji, Tandin 113Dorsey, Grant 93, 340, 675, 705,

706, 1005Dosoo, David K. 726Dotson, Ellen M. 67, 394Doty, Jerey B. 932Douglas, Jessica 785Doumbia, Mama N. 326, 740

Doumbia, Seydou 409, 510, 710,868

Doumbo, Ogobara K. 13, 14,324, 421, 492, 635, 712, 835,1057

Dow, Georey S. 357, 502Dow, Steven 993Dowell, Scott F. 330, 331, 908Dozie, Ikechi N. S. 100Dozie, Ikechukwu N. S. 43, 420Drake, Lesley J. 133Drescher, Axel W. 261

Duah, Nancy O. 302Dubey, Mohan L. 52Dubois, Marie-Claude 8, 10, 44,

572Dubois, Patrice M. 44Dubovsky, Filip 8, 9, 572Duc, Hoang M. 644Ducatez, Mariette M.F. 682Duull, Steve 486

Duy, Patrick E. 322, 580, 1054Duggal, Priya 964Dujardin, Bruno 481Dujardin, Jean-Pierre 394Duke, Brian O. L. 776Dumas, Raaele 344Dumontiel, Eric 5, 52, 787Duncan, Elizabeth H. 12, 161,

215, 220Dung, Nguyen Minh 452, 1042Dunham, Eleca J. 616, 688Dunn, John 260Dunstan, SJ 207Duong, Socheat 26Duong, Veasna 26Dupressoir, Anne 466, 689Dupuis, Alan P. 467Duraisingh, Manoj T. 163, 1021Durand, Patrick 38Durbin, Anna P. 213, 347Duriseti, Sai 488Durvasula, Ravi 624Dusour, Isabelle C. 60, 583Dusho, Jonathan 956Dutra, Walderez O. 312, 36Dutta, Sheetij 303Dvorak, James A. 487Dzinjalamala, Fraction K. 530,

834, 969

E

Eampokalap, Boonchuay 327,329

Easterbrook, Judith 277Ebel, Gregory D. 129, 66Ebringer, Andrew 187Echevarria, Leonor 663Echeverry, Diego 837Edelman, Robert 216Eder, Gerald 122Edgil, Dianna M. 768Edoh, Dominic 192Edstein, Michael D. 94, 173, 174Edwards, Camille 186, 259Egah, Daniel 692Egger, Joseph R. 447Egyir, Beverly 2Ehrenkauer, Gretchen M. 048Eigege, Abel 422Eisele, Thomas P. 77, 184, 560Eisen, Lars 58, 888, 892, 893Eisen, Rebecca J. 58Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. 51, 52,

328, 895

Eitoku, Chiho 575Ejigsemahu, Yeshewamebrat

700, 849Ekanayake, Sajeewane 444Ekgatat, Monaya 911Ekloh, William 98Eksi, Saliha 58El Setouhy, Maged 360, 361El-Aassar, E M. 79

El-Hossary, Shaaban 61, 64, 397El-Kamary, Samer 73El-Mohamady, Hanan I. 905El-Sayed, Najib 286, 1033, 1050Elamin, Mohamed 372Eldridge, Bruce F. 584Elie, Cheryl 384Elizondo, Douglas 25Elizondo-Quiroja, Darwin 892,

893Elliman, Jennier 771Elling, Berty F. 529, 537Ellis, Ruth D. 213Ellis, William 650Elmendor, Heidi G. 967Elnahas, Ayman 372Elnaiem, Dia-Eldin 69, 391, 396,

981, 1039, 1052Emerson, Ginny 991Emerson, Paul 700, 849Endeshaw, Molla 1002Endeshaw, Tekola 700, 849Endy, Timothy 763, 767Eng, Jerey L. K. 386Enright, Bill 48Epstein, Judith E. 11, 43, 26Epstein, Jonathan H. 954, 956Erdman, Laura 632Eren, Hasan 788

Erexson, Cindy 1017Erickson, Sara M. 953Ernst, Kacey C. 814, 853Ertabaklar, Hatice 148, 788, 791Ertug, Sema 148, 788Escalante, Ananias A. 203, 860,

971, 972Escobedo, K. 930Escombe, A. Roderick 680Escueta, Aleyla S. 564Esmat, Gamal 731Espinosa, Avelina 965Espinosa, Benjamin J. 747, 750,

928

Espinoza, Yrma 381

Espinoza Zegarra, Nereyda 747Esposito, Joseph 274Essamia, Fabian 651Essbauer, Sandra 463Essel, Kof 899Esteves, Gabriela 98Etang, Josiane 865Etheridge, Ronald 1074Etouna, Joachim 1035Ettestad, Paul 663Ettling, Betty F. 95Evans, Carlton A. 680

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

17/31

A-6 Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Evans, James E. 649Evans, Sandra 435Eversole, Rob R. 387, 982Ewing, Dan 345Eyamba, Albert 770Eyangoh, Sarah 722Eza, Dominique 930Ezedinachi, Emmanuel 651

F

Faccioli, Lcia H. F.. 137Fagbenro-Beyioku, Adetayo F.

523Fairax, Keke C. 628Fairlie, David P. 165Falade, Catherine O. 79, 404Falade, Cathrine O. 495, 547Falta, Michael T. 316Fantappie, Marcelo R. 1032Farah, Omar 619Faran-Ale, Jos A. 465, 893

Farias, Kleber J. S. 931Farid, Hoda A. 360, 361Farnon, Eileen C. 043Farrar, Jeremy 22Farrar, J.J. 207Farrar, Jeremy 452Faruque, Abu S. G. 18Fatoumata, Dicko-Traore 712Faucette, Laurence 1017Faulde, Michael 463Favata, Mike 415Fawaz, Emad 64, 397Fawole, Funmi 99Faye, Babacar 717Faye, Ousmane 409, 466, 710

Feagin, Jean E. 647Febles, Taynet T. 77Fegan, Gregory 554Fehintola, Fatai A. 88Feikin, Daniel 15, 619Feng, Carl G. 667Feng, Gaoqian 808Feng, Zheng 290Fenton, Michael E. 76Ferdig, Michael T. 160, 854, 939Ferguson, David J. 604Ferguson, Heather 593Fernandes, Liselle 693Fernndez, Alejandra 512, 513Fernandez, Miguel 19, 683Fernandez, Roberto 898Fernandez-Salas, Ildeonso 626,

893Fernndez-Velasco, D. Alejandro

271Ferreira, Marcelo U. 697Ferrell, Robert 200, 321, 548,

1056Ferrer, Santiago 52Ferrer-Rodriguez, Ivan 836Ferro, Cristina 797Fidock, David A. 505, 940

Field, Hume E. 954, 956Figueira, Claudio P. 98Fikrig, Erol 590, 646Filice, Carlo 72, 73, 374Filipe, Joo A. 773Filler, Scott 704Fillinger, Ulrike 41, 41, 227, 261,

845, 848, 851Filone, Claire Marie 990

Fimmers, Rol 389Findlow, Helen 384Finney, Olivia 197, 696Firbas, Christa 687Fischer, Kerstin 362, 785Fischer, Marc 1041Fischer, Peter U. 362, 785, 777,

985Fish, Durland 256, 602, 1060Fisher, Cynthia 329Fisk, Tamara 331Fisk, Tamara L. 908Fitzpatrick, Nicole 110Flannery, Brenden 21Fleischer, Bernhard 949Flores, Diana 6, 117Flores-Flores, Luis F. 465Flores-Mendoza, Carmen 884Flores-Suarez, Adriana E. 626Florey, Lia S. 699Florin, David 623, 866, 884Foana, Bakary 421, 492, 835,

057

Fogako, Josephine 559Folarin, Onikepe A. 88, 524, 527Foley, Desmond H. 88Fonseca, Benedito A. L. 120,

450, 757, 76, 93Fonseca, Dina 875

Fontenille, Didier 38, 238, 1027,1035Fontenot, Andrew P. 316Fontes, Cor J. Fernandes. 568Foppa, Ivo M. 600, 1045, 1062Forbes, Wayne M. -. 32Ford, Karen 692Ford, Robert 692Formenty, Pierre 989Formica, Alessandra 122Fornadel, Christen M. 250, 591,

879, 896Fornasini, Gianranco 1009Forrat, Remi 344Forsyth, Simon J. 290

Foster, Woodbridge A. 1026Foster, Stanley O. 175Fottrell, E 718Fouda, Genevieve Giny 425Fowkes, Freya J. I. 1059Fowler, Elizabeth V. 563Fox, LeAnne M. 678Fox, Matthew P. 678Foxman, Betsy 328Frace, Mike 991Fraga, Lucia A. O. 291, 293, 311Francis, Filbert 842

Francis, Susan 580Franco, Jose R. 476Franco-Paredes, Carlos 796, 1000Franz, Alexander 441, 455, 1038Fraser, Malcolm J. 1010Freed, Brian 316Freitas, Daniel 997Frempong, Margaret T. 596Freundlich, Joel S. 505

Fried, Michal 322, 580, 1054Friedman, Jennier 70Frolov, Ilya V. 658Frosch, Matthias 375Fryau, David 61, 597Fujita, Wendy 998Fukuda, Mark 218, 430, 565,

636, 832, 863, 934Fuller, Douglas O. 894Furman, Richard R. 1045Fusa, Thierry 238, 818Fusch, Christoph 803

GGad, Adel M. 360, 36, 1040Gaither, Amber D. 834Galagan, James E. 162, 368, 579Galinski, Mary R. 806Galler, Ricardo 98Gallup, Jack 315Glvez-Buccollini Abanto, Juan

A. 723Gambhir, Manoj 909Gamboa, Dionicia 206Gamboa-Leon, Rub 787Gamo, Francisco-Javier 7Gandhi, Deepika 90

Ganesan, Suresh 858, 859Ganeshan, Harini 304Ganley-Leal, Lisa M. 664Gao, Qi 970Gaona, Heather W. 656, 87Garcez, Lourdes 792Garcia, Hector 31, 33Garcia, Hector H. 29, 30, 35, 371Garcia, Hctor H. 903Garcia Bustos, Jos-Francisco

171, 505Garcia-Miss, Maria 151Garca-Prez, Adolo 512Garcia-Rejon, Julian 465, 465,

893Gardella, Catalina E. 06Gardiner, Donald L. 165Gardner-Santana, Lynne C. 959Gardon, Jacques 776Gargallo, Domingo 511, 512,

513, 826Garges, Eric 1008Garnett, Geo 349Garrido, Ftima 28, 764Garrison, Laurel E. 59Garuti, Helena 512, 513Garver, Lindsey S. 943

Gasasira, Anne F. 705, 706Gascot, Edalish 836Gatakaa, Hellen 554Gates, Casey 368Gatewood, Anne 1060Gatlin, Michael R. 307Gatraud, Paul 505Gatti, Simona 72Gatton, Michelle L. 563, 829,

970Gaur, Upasna 630Gause, William 983Gavidia, Cesar M. 29, 371Gay, Cyril G. 412Gaydos, Joel C. 438Gaye, Oumar 634, 717, 1004Gazzinelli, Giovanni 291Gba, Bernadin 496Gbotosho, Grace O. 88, 524, 527Gbotosho, Sola 404Gebre, Teshome 700, 849Gebregeorgis, Elizabeth M. 573Geerken, Roland 1060Gehrke, Andrew 1073Geissbhler, Yvonne 41, 227,

845, 848Geland, Jerey A. 1045Genco, Francesca 72Genet, Asrat 700Genov, Jordan 373Genton, Blaise 337, 973Gerena, Lucia 170, 415, 503,

656, 817Gerrets, Rene P. 529Getachew, A. 78Getis, Arthur 264Getrtraud, Regula 97Gettayacamin, Monthip 218,

503Getz, Tony 580Gewurz, Ben 1045Ghabour, Sylvia 905Gharib, Sina A. 1018Ghedin, Elodie 1068Ghosh, Kashinath 38, 480, 624Ghosh, Mousumi 142Gibble, Joan 196Gibbons, Peter L. 501Gibbons, Robert V. 2, 113, 429,

763, 765, 767, 760Gibson, Gabriella 023Gibson-Corley, Katherine N. 43Gicheru, Nimmo 554

Gil, Ana I. 903Gil, Pedro 837Gill, Je 584Gilman, Robert H. 29, 30, 31,

33, 266, 541, 627, 680, 749,786, 866

Gimite, Dereje D. 49Gimnig, John E. 587, 595, 1036Gingrich, John B. 875Ginsberg, Michele 469Giraudoux, Patrick 71Girault, Lang 466, 689

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

18/31

A-7Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Giron, Luis Israel 787Girouard, Autumn S. 96Gitau, Evelyn N. 485Gitawati, Retno 486Githure, John I. 248, 1026Gittleman, John 995Glanfeld, Amber 308Glass, Gregory E. 108, 277, 896,

959

Glass, Jonathan 104Glass, Roger I. 439Gnm, Awa 846Go, Rodrick 507Goade, Diane 129, 663Gobert, Georey N. 287, 289,

1010Goethert, Heidi K. 901, 1062,

063

Goetz, Sue 994Goetz, Scott J. 467Go, Jay 992Go, Tami 196Goh, Li Ean 651Goka, Bamela Q. 195, 198Goldin, Robert 452Golemanov, Branimir 373Gollob, Kenneth J. 32, 316Gomes, Regis B. 69, 39, 396,

981, 1039, 1052Gomes-Ruiz, Alessandra C. 120,

450Gomez, Andres 467Gomez, Rosa 852Gomez, Tangni 25Gmez, Vanesa 512, 513Gomez-Benavides, Jorge 957Gomez-Carro, Salvador 893Gomez-de-las-Heras, Federico

171Gomez-Escobar, Natalia 197,20, 812

Gomez-Machorro, Consuelo 874Gonalves, Lgia A. 09Goncalvez, Ana P. 457Gong, Hong Fei 265, 592Gngora, Raael 797Gonzaga, Victor E. 903Gonzales, Armando E. 29, 30,

31, 35Gonzales, Joseph M. 160, 939Gonzalez, Alcides 110Gonzlez, Brbara 836Gonzlez, Gloriene 836

Gonzalez, Jesus 332Gonzalez, Rodrigo 1022Gonzalez-Cerdas, Rodrigo 876Gonzalez-Ceron, Lilia 852Gonzalvez, Guillermo 30, 31Goodin, Douglas 929Goodman, Catherine 499Goodrich, Raymond P. 606Gopi, P G. 666Gopinath, Shankar P. 32Gordon, Aubree 25, 684Gordon, Scott 332

Gore Saravia, Nancy 797Gorman, Ann Marie 461Gose, Severin 49Goshu, Samrawit 518Gosi, Panita 863Goto, Yasuyuki 4Gottstein, Bruno 97, 377, 963Gotuzzo, Eduardo 986Gouagna, Louis C. 1026

Goudsmit, Jaap 44Gould, Fred 946Govella, Nicodem 4, 227, 845,

848Govil, Dhwani 274, 991Gowda, D. Channe 020Gowda, Kalpana 48Graczyk, Thaddeus K. 961, 962Gra, Paul C. F. 438, 1065Graham, Sean 926Grais, Rebecca 722Granda, Bertha 1046Grande, Tanilu 206Grandesso, Francesco 725Granger, Don 486Grant, Alan J. 244Grant, Dorsey 423Gratias, Kambau M. Deo. 476Graves, Patricia 700, 849Graves-Abe, Katie 708Graviss, Edward A. 32Gray, Darren J. 290Gray, Ronald L. 96Green, Sharone 453, 765, 767Greenaway, Christina 383Greenbaum, Doron 49Greenberg, Robert M. 288, 03Greene, Jennier 695Greenhouse, Bryan 675

Greger, Stephanie 631Gregory, Robin 187Grei, Gisela 963Grieco, John P. 63, 60, 583Grifng, Sean M. 971, 972Grifth, Matthew 714, 715Grigorov, Nikola 373Grijalva, Mario J. 400Grimberg, Brian T. 809Grinstein, Sergio 632Grisolia, Antonella 72, 73, 374Gross, Tiany 643Grube, Marcus 803Gruener, Beate 375Gu, Weidong 246, 248, 252

Guerin, Philippe J. 974Guerrant, Richard L. 440, 745,

748, 751, 752, 753, 1047Guerena-Burgueno, Fernando

68

Guiguemd, Robert Tinga 651,790, 833

Guillard, Bertrand 81Guimares, Luiz H. S. 312, 380Guindo, Ando B. 14Guindo, Boubacar 868Gulinello, Maria 805

Gunes, Koray 148Gunning, Robin 433Gunsaru, Bornace 655Guo, Jiagang 290Gupta, Lalita 39, 243, 941, 1037Gupta, Nimesh 617Gupta, Raj K. 63Gupta, Shaili 1045Gupta, Vineet 40, 742

Gurarie, David E. 540Gurary, Alexandra 23Gurley, Emily 281, 933, 955, 1041Grtler, Ricardo E. 67, 392, 394Guthmann, Jean-Paul 974, 1005Gutirrez, Lina A. 249Gutman, Julie R. 422Gutteridge, Clare E. 89Guyer, Craig 926Gwadz, Bob 1022Gyang, Fredrick N. 195Gyapong, John O. 386

HHa, Tran Thi Ngoc 456Haake, David 98Habbema, J D. F. 359, 676Habomugisha, Peace 770Hadi, Azam 514Hadisoemarto, Panji F. 766Haertle, Sonja 10Haesler, Barbara 97Hay, Zen 766Haidara, Fadima C. 384Hailemariam, Aework T. 849,

891Hall, Eric R. 750

Hall, Martin J. R. 79Halpin, Kim 954Halstead, Scott B. 767Halvorsen, Jake G. 1040Hamainza, Busiku 355, 539, 569Hamarsheh, Omar Y. M. 864Hamel, Mary 338, 339, 351, 546,

1036Hamer, Davidson H. 535Hammad, Ragaa E. 361Hammond, Samantha 86Han, Eun Taek 840Hanaf, Hanaf A. 6, 64, 397,

401Handunnetti, Shiroma M. 191Hanelt, Ben 299, 1029Hannah, Michele F. 555Hanshoaworakul, Wanna 960Hanson, Christopher 124Hanson, Kevin 102Hanssen, Eric 654Happi, Christian T. 88, 404, 524,

527

Haque, Rashidul 636, 964, 966Haralambou, George 77Harker, Brent 874Harn, Donald A. 1051

Harrell, Robert A. 240Harrington, Laura C. 66, 265,

592Harris, Eva 6, 25, 86, 110, 116,

117, 684Harris, Jason B. 8Harris, Juliana V. 89Harrison, Lisa 628Hartl, Daniel L. 368

Hartman, Barry 1045Hartmann, Chris 992Hartmann, Katherine 703Hartmann, Wiebke 949Hartwig, Carmony 1067Harty, Ronald N. 611Hashem, Mohamed 731Hashimoto, Caryn 305Haskell, Jacquelyn N. 631Hassan, Hassan K. 880, 926Hassan Shariah, Syed 954Hassanali, Ahmed 1026Hastings, Ian M. 936Hatabu, Toshimitsu 564Hatch, Douglas 997Hau, Tran P. 644Hauer, M. C. 878Havlir, Diane 705, 706Hawela, Moonga 569Hawkes, Cliton 379Hawkes, Michael T. 920Hawkins, Vivian N. 533Hawley, William A. 736, 736Hayakawa, Toshiyuki 564Hayes, Curtis 115, 346, 444Hayes, Daniel J. 497Hayes, Edward B. 473Haynes, J. D. 05Hazir, Tabish 678

Heady, Tiany N. 656, 817Hehl, Adrian 1076Heiman, Donald F. 1045Heintz, John 181Heinz, Franz X. 687Heinz, Michael 362Helmers, Andrew 64Helmy, Hanan 360, 361Hemingway, Janet 621Hemphill, Andrew 75, 376, 605,

963Henipavirus Ecology Research

Group (HERG) 954, 956Henn, Matthew 25Henry, Maud 818

Hensley, Lisa 992Henson, Mike 473Heppner, D. Gray 12, 44, 218,

578Hermann, Pascal 1076Hernandez, Carlos 645Hernandez, Jean N. 727, 850Hernandez, Roger 381Hernndez-Campos, Alicia 269,

270, 271, 273Hernndez-Campos, Maria A.

272

8/14/2019 pages 300-331

19/31

A-8 Important Note: The number(s) following author name refers to the abstract number.

www.astmh.org

Hernndez-Luis, Francisco 269,270, 272, 273

Herrera, Flor 867Herrera, Socrates 43Herrera Camino, Andres 747Herreros, Esperanza 826Hess, Lindsey 653Hesse, September 804Hibberd, Patricia L. 609

Hickey, Patrick W. 445Hidalgo-Martinez, Ana C. 465Higazi, Tarig B. 363Higgs, Stephen 613, 658, 730Hightower, Allen 546, 587, 619Higui