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Greek Military and Alexander the Great

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Warm Up: Greek Soldiers were very organized compared to other soldiers of the ancient world. Think about our military today; what about it makes it strong and powerful? What factors make it a force to reckon with?

Class work:

Date:2.26.14A2.27.14 B

Homework: •See last page

What contributions did Greek military and expansion have on society and culture?

1) Warm-Up/Discuss2) Guided Notes3) Think/Pair/Share on

Alexander the Great reading4) WIO/Closure

WIO:

What were three effects of Alexander's Greek expansion? What did it do for the Greeks, and the rest of the world that left such a mark in history?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkBZQLW6tuA We will watch the following short clip to

provide some visual support for understanding of the Greek military.

Today we will be splitting off for a ½ day.

Not with Science-

You spend half the class with Mr. Hoyle learning about Greek Military style and History.

And the other half with Mr. Guy earning about Alexander the Great

You will have 25 minutes in each class to complete notes and activities… Enjoy the rotation and different teaching styles!

:Greek Military:

•The Greek soldiers were referred to as Hoplites. This references their light amount of armor, and ability for quick movement with battle.

•The Army would fight out of the Phalanx. Soldiers would stand shoulder to shoulder, with their shield locked.

•This would protect each man from shoulder to shoulder to the left and right.

•The phalanx was a great wall defense against arrow attacks, and fighting a larger force (since the phalanx was an impenetrable shell)

The Trojan War

•(12th-13th Century BCE) Sparta and Troy were at war for a long time, and came to a truce, due to trade access in the Mediterranean.

•Paris (a prince of Troy) stole Helen, who was known as the most beautiful women in Greece.

•Menelaus, the king of Sparta asked his brother Agamemnon, King of Athens, and leader of the Greeks to destroy Troy.

•The war took 10 years to conquer Troy.

The Trojan War continued…

• Eventually Odysseus - a Greek king, came up with the idea of the Trojan Horse.

• The Trojan’s symbol was the horse, so they willingly accepted the gift, and had thought the Greeks had left.

• As the Trojans slept the Greek soldiers slipped out of the Horse, open the gates, and destroyed the city.

• This is also where the myth of Achilles’ occurred.

The Greco-Persian Wars (547 BCE-451 BCE)•Greece was invaded by Cyrus the Great and followed by his predecessors Darius and Xerxes.

•The Spartans made a stand at Thermopylae (300 vs over 1 hundred thousand)

•The Spartans held the Persians for 6 days- this delayed the attack and allowed the rest of Greece to prepare for invasion.

•The Spartans’ allied themselves with the Persians and attacked Athens, along with other city-states.Athens eventually fought off the challengers and became the victor for Greece

The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE)

•The war between Athens and Sparta. Discussed on Athens vs Sparta Lesson.

•The two city states always fought over who had more power, whose city-state ideals were best, and over the dispute between their patron gods Ares and Athena.

•Sparta eventually won the war by destroying the Athenian Navy, and cutting off their food supply.

•Sparta used Athens greatest weapons against them…Intelligence and Trade.

: Alexander the Great Reading and Discussion Questions for Guided Notes:•Who was Phillip II? What role did he play in the rise of Macedonia?

•Compare the fighting style of Alexander the Great to the Greeks; where they the same? How was Alexander’s approach to fighting and war more productive than those before him?

•After building his empire, how does Alexander assert his control over the people? How does he maintain control? Make a comparison/connection to how you have seen this style of leadership in society today.

•Do you consider Alexander an effective leader? What factors about his leadership allowed him the success he achieved? How was Alexander’s conquest a positive thing for Greek culture?

•Why do you feel that Alexander would name so many cities after himself? What does this say about his character, and his opinion of himself? Think about events in his life that may have made his character this way, and use them as examples to explain…

HW1. Study for Your Greece Vocabulary Quiz : NEXT CLASS AS WARM UP

Prepare notes for Socratic Seminar on all the questions below. Prepare a 3-4 sentence statement for each and have a minimum of 4 pieces of evidence.

1. Brains vs. Brawns Which one is more important? Why?

2. Which contribution of Ancient Greece was the most impactful?(Government, Arts, Philosophy) Why?

3. Which of the four types of government (Tyranny, Democracy, Monarchy, Oligarchy) is most effective? Why?