05/03/2023 1

05/03/2023 2

PACKAGING OF MILK AND MILK

PRODUCTSSPEAKERNEHA TANDON

INSTRUCTORDR. ANUJ GAUTAMRGSC, BHU

RAWE (0+4)

05/03/2023 3

•Milk is a liquid and so requires a container at every stage.•Packaging of milk is the technique of using appropriate containers to protect, carry, and merchandise any milk product.•Vital link between the manufacturer and consumer.•Necessary for delivering fresh, sound and convenient form of milk.

INTRODUCTION

05/03/2023 4

MILK PRODUCTION(2015-2016)

PER CAPITA MILK AVAILABILITY(2015-2016)

INDIA 155.5 million tones 337 grams per day

UTTAR PRADESH

25198.36 (‘000 tones)

335 grams per day

DAIRY INDUSTRY OF INDIA

Source: Press Information Bureau

05/03/2023 5

TOP 5 MILK PRODUCING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD(2014-2015)

RANK COUNTRY AMOUNT OF MILK(MILLION TONNES)

1. India 146.312. USA 93.53. China 454. Pakistan 425. Brazil 35.7

TOP 5 MILK PRODUCING STATES OF INDIA (2014-2015)RAN

KSTATE AMOUNT(‘000 TONNES)

1. Uttar Pradesh 251982. Rajasthan 169343. Gujarat 116914. Madhya Pradesh 107795. Punjab 10351Source: Press Information Bureau

05/03/2023 6

STATES WITH THE HIGHEST PER CAPITA MILK AVAILABILITY (2015-2016)

RANK

STATE PER CAPITA MILK

AVAILABILITY (gram/day)

1. Punjab 1032

2. Haryana 877

3. Rajasthan 704

4. Himanchal Pradesh 505

5. Andhra Pradesh 475

Source: Press Information Bureau

05/03/2023 7

‘‘A tool that protects and contains our goods with the aim of minimizing the environmental impact on our consumption.”

“A technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use.”

WHAT IS PACKAGING

8

At early stages-cow's udder was the basic container.Development of containers in 1860-70 for

distribution.These were metal cans of up to about 80LFirst significant development in milk packaging-

process for sterilized milk ( end of last century)In the third decade of this century- bottling of

pasteurized milk developedDevelopment and introduction of plastic materials

for packaging in the dairy industry (initially polyethylene) in 1940.

HISTORY OF MILK PACKAGING

05/03/2023

05/03/2023 9

05/03/2023 10

MILK PACKAGING IN THE PRODUCTION CHAIN

RECEPTION COOLING CLARIFICATIO

N

PREHEATPASTEURISATION

PROCESSING

FINISHED PRODUCT PACKAGING

STORAGE/ DISTRIBUTIO

N

05/03/2023 11

PRESENT STATUS AND SCOPE

OF MILK PACKAGING

05/03/2023 12

In 1995, money spent on packaging materials nearly Rs. 29,000 million.

Packaging activities engage about 60% of the 5 million labour force in the food industry.

46 % of the total milk production in the country consumed as fluid milk

Only 15% of milk is packed.Of this, the flexible pouch accounts for

approximately 94%.89 % of the households in India consume loose milkOnly 9 % households use packaged milk.

STATUS IN INDIA

05/03/2023 13

Penetration of packaged milk high amongst towns having a population of more than 10 lakh

Production of tinplate containers 0.46 MTUse of tinplate containers for packaging 0.4 MTAbout 0.3 million tinplate containers are

exportedAlluminium cans accounts to 0.035 MTThe production of glass bottles for packaging 0.9

MTPlastics used in the milk industry in the form of

containers as well as films & laminates

Contd..

05/03/2023 14

• The glass bottle for milk introduced in USA in 1884

• Plastic containers, i.e. single-service HDPE containers were introduced in 1964.

• Milk also sold in LDPE pouches, but not popular

• Paperboard industry in USA introduced a new twin pack comprising two-half gallon containers (Goyal, 1986).

PACKAGING TRENDS ABROAD

05/03/2023 15

• In German Federal Republic pasteurized milk packaged in cartons.

• In UK, plastic bottle weighing 23 g was made from a 50/50 blend of high and low density PE.

• Liquid milk in Berlin packed in plastic bags placed in returnable plastic crates.

• The Rhineland Milk Supply of Germany marketed pasteurized milk in ‘Tetra King’ one litre packs.

CONTD..

05/03/2023 16

1. Paper and paper based products2. Glass bottles3. Tin plate4. Aluminium foil5. Timber6. Plasticsa. Low polymerb. High polymers7. Laminates

BASIC PACKAGING MATERIALS USED

05/03/2023 17

PRODUCT PACKAGING MATERIALLiquid milk •Glass bottles

•Paper laminate for tetra paks•Flexible pouches

Milk powder •Tin plate containers•Metalized alluminium foils•Lined cartons•Bag-in-box: Powder filled in laminates

Butter •Duplex board with parchment paper•Tin plate containers•Alluminium foil

Cheese/Cheese spread •Tin plate containers•Alluminium foil in duplex board carton

Ghee •Tin plate container•Flexible pouches

Ice cream •Plastic containers•Duplex board cartons•Laminates

05/03/2023 18

•Containing the product•Selling the product•Safety of the product•Facilitating the handling & storage•Protecting against biological, chemical and distribution damages •Providing convenience •Information•Security

ROLE OF PACKAGING MATERIAL

05/03/2023 19

• Product image• Increasing the shelf-life• Marketing and advertising tool. • Attractive to the consumer.• Easy to open, store and dispose.• Economical• Helps in portion control

CONTD..

05/03/2023 20

• Specific sensitivities

• Factors changing the contents

• Weight and shape of the container

• Filling and sealing speeds

• Contamination of food

• Storage conditions

• Bio-degradability and recycling potential.

• Transportation

• Perishiblity

• Product range

• Market

• Consumer needs

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR PACKAGING MATERIAL

05/03/2023 21

PACKAGE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONFOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

05/03/2023 22

MARKET RESEARC

HPLANNING

PACKAIGNG SPECIFICATI

ON

PACKAGE DESIGN

PACKAGE MODELING

TEST PRODUCTIO

NEVALUATIO

N

PRODUCTION

SALE

MARKETING

MAIN FACTORS GUIDING PACKAGE DESIGN

05/03/2023 23

1.LIQUID MILK

•Flexible pouches 92%, glass bottles 7% and aseptic packaging 1%. •Plastic materials in aseptic packaging of milk product are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene etc.•Popular commercial systems available are Tetra pak, Combi block, Pure pak, Hind pak, etc.• Economic saving realized

05/03/2023 24

GLASS BOTTLES

INDIVIDUAL PACK

TETRA PACK

FLEXIBLE POUCHES

05/03/2023 25

2. CREAM

• Shelf life of refrigerated creams 1-2 days• Packaging consists of PE coated paperboards. • In India, cream generally packaged in 250 ml glass bottles, individual pack or consumer’s own container• Tin plate containers also used for larger sizes.• Whipped creams sold in AEROSOL cans and PE tubs • Imitation cream packed in wax-coated paperboard cartons.

05/03/2023 26

WHIPPED CREAMTETRA PACKS

INDIVIDUAL PACK

05/03/2023 27

3. WHOLE MILK POWDER

• Produced either by roller or drum process. • Rapid flavour deterioration due to oxidation.• General procedure is to remove oxygen by

subjecting the product to vacuum within 24 hours of drying.

• Less than 2% final oxygen considered satisfactory.

• Coating with an impermeable material or the addition of antioxidants also done.

05/03/2023 28

Upon prolonged storage, ghee undergoes lipid deterioration.

Tin plate container:• Protects the product against tampering and being sturdy, can be transported to distant places.

Semi Rigid Containers:•Provides a moderately long shelf life, lightweight, economical and transport-worthy.

Flexible Films/Pouches:•Limited quantities of of less than 1 kg packed. •Most economical.

4. GHEE

05/03/2023 29

TIN PLATE CONTAINER

FLEXIBLE GHEE

POUCHES

WHOLE MILK POWDER POUCHES MILK POWDER

SACHETSPAPER CARTONS

05/03/2023 30

5. PANEER

• Short shelf life of about 7 days at refrigeration storage and less than 24 hours at room temperature. •Sachdeva et al.(1991) vacuum packaged paneer blocks of 10x4x6 cm size in polyethylene bags using a vacuum packaging machine. •The body and texture of paneer improves on vacuum packaging•No deterioration observed upto 30 days at 6 ±10 °C in vacuum

VACUUM PACKAGED

PANEER

FROZEN PANEER CUBES

05/03/2023 31

6. KHOA

• Limited shelf life of 5 days at room temperature• Hot filling (80-90° C) of khoa in tin cans

increases shelf life to 14 days at 37° C • Recently, high barrier structures/laminates

based on polyester/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH)/polythene being developed (10 days at 37°C and 60 days at refrigerated)

• Tin cans and rigid plastic containers of 15 kg capacity can be used.

05/03/2023 32

7. MILK SWEETS

a. BURFI AND PEDA

•Currently, packaged in paper cartons or duplex board boxes with or without butter paper lining. •Recently, packaged in HDPE/polypropylene boxes and cartons of 500g and 1 kg size.•They observed the shelf life of 52 days at 30 ° C in vacuum packaged samples against 16 days without vacuum packaging

PAPER CARTONS POLYPROPYLENE BOXES

05/03/2023 33

b. GULABJAMUN AND RASOGOLLA

Rasogolla preserved in sugar syrup, in tin cans of 500 g and 1 kg capacity.

• Proportion of rasogolla and syrup is 40:60 ( stays good for 6 months )

• Gulabjaman largely packaged without syrup in paper cartons or polyester boxes

• Though lacquered tin can most suitable, it is very expensive.

05/03/2023 34

8. FERMENTED PRODUCTS•Dahi, Misti dahi and Shrikhand most popular.•Dahi and Misti dahi are sold in earthen pots and PE containers.•Drawbacks: Heavy in weight Breakable Expensive, Cannot be covered properly Shrinkage of product•Polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) cups of 100, 200 and 500 g used.

05/03/2023 35

9. BUTTER

•Pat of butter: Most commonly used•Manual-moulded butter: Hand-packaged•Machine-moulded butter: Automated version of hand-packaged butter•Butter in a dish: Most popular for reduced-fat•Mini butter: For markets with limited buying power and high demand•Jar of butter: For larger quantities.

05/03/2023 36

PAT OF BUTTER

MACHINE-MOULDED BUTTER

ROLL OF BUTTER

DISH OF BUTTER

MINI BUTTER JAR OF BUTTER

05/03/2023 37

11. CHEESE

Cheese is coated with a wax layer to protect from contamination

Cheese may be packaged in plastic film as slicesAlso packed as cubes or whole pat in aluminum

or tin foilPrimarily transported in cartons

CHEESE SLICES IN PLASTIC FILMS

CHEESE TINS

05/03/2023 38

Creates MSW Plastics non-biodegradable Some materials (PVC) contains chlorine and other harmful elements Difficult to separate from other recyclable waste Release of harmful neurotoxins Production of greenhouse gases Scarring of landscape Contributes to climate change Bio-magnification Increased amount of landfill space Pollutes groundwater and other water bodies Energy consumed for incineration Depletion of raw materials

EFFECT OF PACKAGING MATERIALS ON ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

05/03/2023 39

MILK PACKAGING TOMORROW

THERMOFORM BOTTLE

•Made from Poly Lactic Acid ( PLA)•PLA derived from natural corn starch.•Advantages of PLAa. Degrades within weeksb. High stabilityc. Transperencyd. Wide temperature rangee. UV resistancef. Convenientg. Carbon footprint of PLA 2.16gm as compared to 720gm/

500ml of serving of polyethylene

FUTURE PROSPECTS

05/03/202340

05/03/2023 41

05/03/2023 42

 •Self-heating and self-chilling. •Shelf-life time temperature indicators •Micro-oven able containers •Edible films and coatings •Resource efficiency and light weight packaging. •Bio-degradable materials •Shrink wrapping •Modified atmospheric packaging (MAP)•Oxygen Scavengers.•Better sealing techniques •Bioplastics

NEW CONCEPTS

05/03/2023 43

CONCLUSION•Packaging necessary for extended shelf life of milk product•Containers have evolved from cow’s udder to convenient and sturdy ones•Packaging of milk has innumerable roles and benefits•Various factors concerning package design needs to be kept in mind•Packaging material differs from product-to-product• Negative impact of packaging materials needs to be checked•Thermoform bottles or bioplastics- future packaging material•New concepts and innovations in packaging need to be developed constantly

05/03/2023 44

THANK YOU