PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore...
Transcript of PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore...
![Page 1: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS RFID
INTEGRATION
By Dr. Robb ClarkeJanuary 24, 2006
![Page 2: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Packaging?• As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once
observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”.
• It is a ground level, hands-on approach as opposed to many 30,000 foot views of RFID.
• Let me now explain WHY this is so.
![Page 3: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Packaging: What Is It?• Different Levels (1°, 2°, 3°, through to
unitized pallet loads or cargo containers)• Different Requirements for Different
Industries (Consumer, Industrial, Military, Medical/Pharmaceuticals)
• All with an eye toward: – Cost (versus price), – Environmental Issues, – Ease of Handling, Shipping, Storing, etc– And many more…
![Page 4: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Functions of Packaging
Four main functions:–Containment (no)–Convenience/Utility (maybe)–Communication (yes)–Protection (yes)
![Page 5: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Impact of This…• Everything has to be packaged
• All companies and industries use it.
• It should withstand all the rigors of Distribution, Manual and Mechanical Handlings, Warehousing and Storage, not create any problems, and give the ultimate user a sense of ‘value’.
![Page 6: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SoP AutoID Laboratory
• We focus on RFID APPLICATIONS in the Supply Chain, particularly warehousing, inventory control and order verification.
• Goal is to develop the “Perfect Purchase Order”.
![Page 7: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Passive Pallet Tag
associated to a…
Passive Carton Tag
associated to …
8 UID Packaging Tags
each with 1 associated
UID item
Active Container Tag
associated to a…
Complementary Active and Passive RFID
DoD External Briefing, 08/04
![Page 8: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Institutional
Packaging University
Suppliers
UsersFood, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, automotive, electronic, construction materials
Life pattern, living culture, preference,
Raw materials
Converters
Transportation & distribution
Machinery
Consumer
Industrial
FDAUSDAEPARecycleReuseRefillReformation
Regulation
Environment
Wood, paper, plastic, glass, steel, aluminum
Packaging line
Extrusion & thermoforming, Injection & blowing, Laminating & coating, Printing & labeling…
Why Look to a University?
![Page 9: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Packaging Materials• Wood• Paper• Plastic• Metal• Glass
• P.S., “Cardboard” is NOT a term used within Packaging; it is Solid Fiberboard or Corrugated Board
![Page 10: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Material Impacts on RFIDDifferent frequencies exhibit different behaviors.Metal – large effect.Plastic – varies with composition (PP, PET) and thickness.Glass – little to no effect (?)Paper – little or no effect (?)Composites – yet to be evaluated.
![Page 11: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Problematic Matchings• Packaging and Water-based Products.• Any Product put in Metal Packaging.
![Page 12: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Research to Date• A Model For The Implementation Of A Radio
Frequency Identification System Into A Warehouse Environment; Ryan
• Development Of A Material Testing Protocol For Evaluation Of Radio Frequency Transponder Effects On Bloom Time Of Beef Loin Muscle; Vorst
• Effects Of Frozen And Refrigerated TemperatureOn Transponder Performance Of Tray-Packed Beef Loin Muscle; Onderko
![Page 13: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Research to Date• The Effect of Tag Orientation and Package
Content on the Readability of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Transponders; Tazelaar
• Determination Of Radio Frequency Identification (Rfid) Tag Failure Modes Of Class 0 Read Only Tags; Jonson
• The Effect of Antenna Configuration, Product and Tag Type on the Readability of Passive UHF RFID Transponders; Crawforth
![Page 14: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research to Date• Electromagnetic Property Measurement and
RFID Signal Absorption Evaluation for Product Simulant; Zhang
• Applications And Implementation Of The U.S. Department Of Defense’s RFID Mandate; Jones
![Page 15: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Results of Total Reads
TAG ORIENTATION
Total Tag Read % (Standard Error %) OUT IN FORWARD UP DOWN
EMPTY100% (0%) 97.1%
(0.8%) 100% (0%) 100% (0%) 97.8% (0.4%)
FOAM100% (0%) 98.6%
(0.4%) 100% (0%) 100% (0%) 98.0% (0.4%)
EMPTY BOTTLES100% (0%) 97.0%
(0.5%) 100% (0%) 100% (0%) 99.3% (0.2%)
RICE99.7% (0.4%)
60.5% (0.9%)
82.6% (0.6%)
82.3% (0.9%)
78.3% (1.3%)
WATER BOTTLES67.0% (0.2%)
0.8% (0.3%)
32.3% (0.6%) 25.0% (0%) 0% (0%)
PRO
DU
CT
RED = Product Specific, Yellow = Orientation Specific, Orange = Both
![Page 16: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Material EM Properties Defined by Extracted Parameters• Complex Permittivity(ε) , Complex
Permeability(μ)• Complex mathematical expression
ε= ε’+j ε”,μ= μ’+j μ”– Where, j=√(-1), ε’=permittivity, ε”=dielectric loss
factor, μ’=magnetic permeability, μ”=magnetic loss factor
• Re{μ},Im{μ}, Re{ε},Im{ε}.– Real parts are related to the energy storage of the
material– Imaginary parts are related to the loss mechanisms that
convert incident EM radiation into heat.
![Page 17: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Effect of Corrugated Board
Storage condition•22°C, 55% RH•29.4°C, 70% RH•37.8°C, 85% RH
Readability evaluation
Determination of Moisture content
Moisture content•8.2%•9.6%•15.3%
![Page 18: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Readability Affected by Moisture Content
![Page 19: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Effect on Corrugated Board
Corrugated board CAN affect RFID operations:
• High humidity• Low to medium humidity if:
– Previously subjected to high humidity– Exposed to excessive moisture
• Leakage of liquid product• Condensation
• Relationship to RPC’s
![Page 20: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Shock Durability Testing
on Tagged Cases
![Page 22: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vibration Durability Testing on Tagged Cases
![Page 23: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Compression Testing
![Page 24: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Column stack, tag outward
Optimal Tag Locations
Spiral, tag outward
![Page 25: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Column stack, tag inward
Spiral, tag inward
Bad Tag Locations
![Page 26: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tag outward
Tag inward
Reversed Tag Locations
![Page 27: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Effect of Corrugated Spacers
![Page 28: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Antennae Location and #’s
![Page 29: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Water on Corrugated
![Page 30: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Water on Corrugated
![Page 31: PACKAGING: HOW IT IMPACTS - MIT OpenCourseWare · Why Packaging? • As Throckmorton P. Ruddygore III once observed, “Packaging is the Center of the Universe”. • It is a ground](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062915/5eab88ad07d1473d145e5bd4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
With UHF Tags:• Reads stop during water applications• Reads continue to fail if corrugated is
untreated and remains wet• Reads resume if corrugated is treated and
water flow ceases– Similar to what happens with an RPC– Even if tag is embedded in plastic