Pacifi cTHECiti zenVolume13 January,1941 Number149

replytogillette'sch argesInanswer to th e seriousch argeofSenatorGuyGil-letteofth eForeignRelationsCommittee i n Wash i ngton,D.C.,toth eeffectth atJapani s"conscripti ng"American,ci-tizens of Japaneseancestryonth ewestcoastandHawai iforespionage,nationalh ead-quartersunderPresidentSa-buroKidosentth efollowingletterofprotest:"Hon.GuyM.Gillette'̂U.S.Senatorfromlowa"Wash i ngton,D.C."DearSir:''Afewdaysago,accord-i ngtoapressreleasefromWash i ngton,D.C, weob-servedth atyouh adi ssuedastatementurgingth e.StateDepartmentto i nvestigatereportsth atAmericanciti -zensofJapaneseancestryarebeing'conscripted'onth eWestCoastandHawai iforespionageandmili tarypurposes by Japan.Un-doubtedly,yourintentionmay h avebeentocallat-tentiontoth i smatter be-causeofth ech argemadebyth e Si no-Karean Peo-plesLeague."Th ech argei sofamost

seriousnature.Ith asplac-edth eAmericanciti zensofJapaneseancestryi namostunfavorableligh t.Such be-i ngth ecase,weare j ustasmuch i nterested asyou i nascertaini ng wh eth erany-th i ngalongth eaforemen-

'tionedlinesh avebeencar-riedononth eWestCoast."Asfarasmy personalk nowledgei sconcerned,Ih avebeenunawareofsuch'conscripti on'onth eWestCoast.Iamafraidth atyouri nformant h asei th ermis-understoodori si ntention-allydistortingand misrep-resentingfacts."Iamwriti ng you th i sletterbecause Iam prim-arilyi nterested i nprotect-i ngth egoodnameofth eAmericanciti zensofJapa-neseancestrywh oaredoingth ei rutmosttoproveth ei rloyaltytoth ei rcountry,th eUni tedStatesofAmerica,andestablish th emselvesasworth yofbeingentrustedwith allth edutiesandres-ponsibi li ti esofciti zensh i p."Weh ope wecanh aveyouunderstand ourposi-tion.Wewish toassureyouth atwesh allbe glad togiveyouourwh oleh eartedcooperationi fanyinvesti-gationsh ouldbemadebe-causeweare anxious tok nowth etruth ourselves.

"Respectfullyyours,"SaburoKido"NationalPresident"JapaneseAmerican

Citi zensLeague"

YEAROFSNAKEInJapan,th eyears,daysandh ours each h aveth ei r.»disti ncti vesignsofi h r,■'"diac(j uni sh i ),wh oseor-derisasfollows:rat,ox(orbull),tiger,h are(orrabbit), dragon,serpent(orsnak e), h orse,sh eep(orgoat)monk ey,cock (orbird)dogandwildboar.Th epresent12-yearcyclebeganwi th th eyearofth eRat (Ne) i n1936.Th esixth year i n th e cycle,1941,fallsunderth esym-bol1ofth esnak eorserpent.Ini tsuseasayearnameth esnak ei safabulouscrea-ture often undisti ngui sh -ablefrom th eserpent,orth edragon,and istreatedh erei nth atsense.InJapanth ereareseveral h armlessvarieti esofsnak esandonepoisonoussnak ecalledma-mi i sh i .Th eserpenti sespecially

associatedwith Benten,th eJapaneseVenus, seagod-dessandgoddess ofloveandbeauty,oneofth ese-venGods ofGoodI.iuk .Sh e i soften representedwith aserpentcoiled a-roundth erock onwh i chsh ei sseated.Duetoth i sassociati on,snak esare h eldsacredi nsomepartsofJa-pan,especiallyonEnosh i maIsland,nearKamak ura.

Huish ,i nh i s"JapanandItsArt,"saysth at''snak esarefavcriteswith th eart-i sts i nmetal-work wh oex-celtoagreater extenti nportraying th em th an i nanyth i ngelse." Allen,i nh er "Japanese ArtMo-tives,"emph asi zesth efactth at"th esnak ei sofsym-bolici mportancei nJapan.Fori nstance,i ti sasymbolofwoman's j ealousy,as i nth estoryof "Kiyoh i me,"wh orevenged h erself bybecomingtransformedi ntoadragon and destroyingh erlover."Th ereisanoldsupersti-tion th at,"ifyoucutabambooonamoonlitnigh t,youwi'lfindasnak ei nth eh ollow ofi tbetween th eth i rd andfourth j oi nts."Th eti meof th eh ourofth esnak ei sfrom9to 11a.m.Ja,anoth erword for

snak e, appears i n manycombinati ons.Forsomereason, a mouth pi ece i sj a-guch i ;foranobviousreason,acoiledpipe i s j a-k an;alongbamboobask etfilledwith stones i scalledj ak ago; j abarai sliterally"snak e'sbelly,"*and j ak o-tsu,"snak e'sbones"; j abi -senorJamison,i sak i ndofmusical i nstrumentmade

ofsnak e'ssk i n,and j ano-me i sliterally"serpent'seye." Jasok u, "serpent'sfeet,"i sused i nrh etoricforanyth i ngredundant.Th e Japaneseequiva-

lentofa"th i eftocatch ath i ef"maybefreelytrans-latedto''asnak etofindasnak e";j a(h ebi )nomich iwa h ebi .Anoth erproverbi syabuwotsutuiteh ebi wodasu,wh i ch i softenabbre-vi atedi ntoyabu-h ebi ,andmeans"pok e acanebrak eanddriveoutasnak e"andisapparently th e equiva-lentofth ewesternexpres-i onabout"lettingsleepingdoirsli e"and"stirri n

OPENING ANEW YEARWith th eCh ri stmasediti onsafelyputawayaudasize-

ablefundtosh owforth ework andti meexpended,weh opetpcontinue 1941with th esame fine cooperationwh i ch h asbeengiventous i nth epast.Inordertofacili tateth ework of th ebook k eeper,

ch apterswh i ch h avenotremittedbalancesowingforth eCh ri stmasadvertisementsandgreetingsareurgedtodosoatonce.Th i swillnotonlyaidth ebook k eeperbutwillex-peditê i mmedi atedisposalofcommissi ons.Th erearenineof.th esech aptersdelinquent.Ifth ose

ch apterswi llattendtoth i smatter,th ework ofclearingaccounts.willproceedswiftly.

—i tt—oooOoooWenotewith i nterestth egraduali ncreaseofsubscrip-

tionsfrontnon-members.Inordertomi k eth epublicati onmorerepresentativeofth emembersandtobeabletosh owth esenon-membersth ework th atisbeingaccomplish ed,We i nvi temoreofth emembersh i ptotak eadvantageofth ei rorgantoexpressth ei ropini ons.Weinvi teth emtouseth esepagesasaclearing h ouseforsuggestions.andcriti ci sms.

Wearei nterested i nspecialfeatureswh i ch bringat-tentiontoparticularch apterswh i ch h avebeenenterprisi ngandwh i ch h avediscoverednew i deas.Th rough th e.publici tygi ventSth esech apters,oth ers

willbeencouragedtodoth esame.Oneexampleofth etypeofarticlewemean i sth at,

writtenbyMissTadak oTamuraofth ePuyallupValleych apter.Herercellentarticleservedtobring h erch apteri ntoprominenceth rough th emedium.ofth eAmericanpress,Th eTacomaTimes.Ifsomeenterprisi ngyoungwriterofeach ch apter

couldwatch forth oseopportuniti es,orbetterstill,mak eth em,andsent!articlesnotonlytous,buttoth eAmericanpapersofth ei rcommunity,th evaluablework ofsecuringpublici tyandrecogniti onwi llbewelloni tsway.

0000000Th enationalconvention,i tseems,h assetaprecedent

forallourmeetingstofollow.Th ewidepublici tygi venth ePortlandconclaveh asbeenduplicated i nSaltLak eCi ty.Much ofth ecreditcanbegiven toMi k eMasaok a,

ch ai rmanofth eIntermountainDi stri ctCouncilandoneofth estrongestbelievers i nth eefficacyofpublici ty.

Bouquetstoth ei ntermountainNisei forth ei rh ugeandsuccessfulgath eri ng.Mostofth edelegates camegreatdistancestoattendth esessions.Ofsuch zealarestrongly-k ni torganizati onsmade.1 0000000

Accordingtonationalh eadquarters,anambiti ouspro-gram isbeingplannedforth ecomingmonth s.Th evari-ousdriveswillberenewedandpush edsoth at1941willmark a h ugemilestone i nach i evements.Leteverych aptermak eanewyearresolutiontofor-

getregionali ndi fferencesanddash es i n vi ewpoints;leteverych apterrealizeth etruth of"securityth rough uni ty";leteverych aptercontributesometh i ngconcreteandcon-structiveforth egoodofeveryAmericanci ti zenofJapan-eseancestryth i syear.

35cREMITTANCESDUEDon'tforgetth at35

centsmustbesenti ntoge-th erwith th e names andaddressesofpaid-upmem-berstoth enationaltreas-urer.Th i si sone way toch eck upoh th eoldmem-bers.Th eMarch i ssuewillbeth elastPacifi cCiti zentobesenttoth e1940mem-bers.Such bei ngth ecase,

i ti s i mportantth ateverych aptercomplete i tsdriveforcollectingoldmember-sh i psbeforeth e end ofMarch and reporttoth eNationalTreasurer,HitoOk ada,416YeonBuildi ng,Portland,Oregon,ortoNa-ti onalHeadquarterswithth eremittance.

PRESIDENT'SCORNERnewncdccabinets

NORTHERNCALIFORNIAAlameda

SalcaeDate, pres.; Joh nYosh i no,Istvice-pres.;Kenj iSh i k uma,2ndvice-pres.;Osk yKono,3rdvice-pres.; MaryMatsuura,rec.scc'ty;Ch i zuKanda,corres.sec'ty; TaizoImura,treas.;TsugiyeSli i ro-i sh i ,pub.ch r.

SalinasHenryTanda,pres.;OscarItani,Istvice-pres.;Ch i k araIwamoto,2ndvice-pres.;Dr.Heish i ro Tak ao,3rd vice-pres.;Tosh i Nagano,corres.sec'ty;Surni k oItani,rec.sec'-ty;Dr.MasaoTak esh i ta,of-fici aldelegate;HarrySh i ra-ch i ,alternate;Masao Yuk i ,treas.;Tosh i Tak esh i ta,GraceSak asegawa, soc.ch r.; IdaNagano,h i stori an;GladysO-noye,pub.ch r.;KaoruYagi,Harry Sak asegawa,Katash iNinomj ya,HarryYamamoto,sgts.-at-arms.AmericanLoyaltyLeagueDr.Joseph Sasak i ,pres.;GeorgeAbe,vice-pres.;EnaOk onogi,rec.sec'ty; OscarFuj i i ,corres.sec'ty;TomNa-k amura,treas.;Bob Itanaga,HowardHatayâma,Y.Hon-da,trustees.

SanMatioFredOch i ,pres>>JJr.Sh q-goTak ai i ash i ,Istvice-ptc«%Sutemi Sugaya,2ndvice-pres,;SallyKawak i ta,rec. scc'ty;NaoyeMayeda,corres.sec'ty;Hirosh i Ito,treas.;HideoKa-riya,h i stori an;JoeYamada,MotoTak ah ash i ,English andJapanesepublici ty.

SanBenitoCountyAuxili ary

Willi am Wak ayama,pres.;Willi eObata, Istvice-pres.;GeorgeUyeno,2ndvice-pres.;DoraSugiok a,rec.sec'ty;Ru-byMiyanaga,corres.sec'ty;Satosh i Hane,treas.;HaruyeNish i ta,publici ty.

SanFranciscoHenfyUyeda,pres.;Hen-ryTani,Tei k oIsh i da,YasuoAbi k o,vice-pres.;AgnesIno-uye,corres.sec'ty; GertrudeSugiok a,rec.sec'ty;.RoyNa-k atani ,treas.;boardofgov-ernors— Dr.GeorgeBaba,MinoruEndo,ToraoIch i yâsu, Dr.Masayosh i Itatani,Ch i yoNonak a, BuddyIwa-ta,MaryLouiseSeo,ScottyTsuch i ya andTak eh i k oYo-sh i h ash i .

Yo-SolanoHarryAoyagi,pres.; BillTsuj i , Ist vice-pres.;TomEgusa,2ndvice-pres.;GeorgeIch i moto,3rdvice-pres.;Al-bertHayash i ,Japanesesec'ty;GeorgeNoguch i ,Ei rg.sec'ty;MaryObata,treas.; GeorgeOtsuj i ,h i stori an.

NOTESANDCOMMENTSTh eXmasspecialedi ti onofth ePacifi cCiti zenwasagrandsuccess.Itwasth efi rsttimeth atan18-pagei ssueh ad beenpublish ed.Accordingtoth ecommentsfromth e"oldtimers,"th eyallseemed tobepleasedwi th th eprogressth ath asbeenmadeunderth eedi-torsh i pofEvelynKiri mu-ra.Iamcertainth ateveryJACLmemberappreciatesth efi nework sh e h asdone.Th e progress from th i spointon willdependadealuponth ecooperationandsupportofth egeneralmembersh i p.From personalexperi-

ence,Icansayth atmanyofourfriendsweresurpris-edwh enth eylearnedth atth ePacifi cCiti zen prints5000copiesforeach i ssue.Th i splacesth epublicati onamongth etops asfarascirculationgoes.Won'ti tbe wonderful i f i tcanboastth elargestnumberofreaders ofanyJapanesenewspaperormagazinei nth i scountry? Consideri ngth emembersh i pofth eJA-CL,th i s i snotadiffi cultgoaltoattain.Th eNisei need some-th i ngtolook uponasth ei rown.Someth i ngwh i ch h asbeenbuiltupth rough th euni tedeffort ofalargenumberwillbean i nspi ra-tion.Th emessageof"Se-curityth rough Uni ty"canbedrivenh omemore i m-pressively i fwecansh owtangibleresults.Ibelieveth ePacifi cCi ti zenisgoingtobeoneofth ebestmeansofdrivi ngh ometh evalueofcooperation.

*********Wh enevernewth i ngsareattempted, i ti sexpectingtoomuch fora100% co-perationandsupport.Suchbeingth ecase,alth ough weweredisappointed i n th efailureofsomech apterstorespond, we h ave h opesth atth ey wi llmak e upwh en th enextXmasedi-tiongoestopress. Withgreater support,Ibelieveth e next Yuletide i ssuesh ouldbeatleastover30pages,with morereadingmaterial.SanFranciscoa-lone sh ould double th espacetak en i nth e fi rstspecialediti on.

*********Itwaswith greatregretth atIh ad tocancelmytriptoattend th e Inter-mountainDistri ctConven-ti onh eld i n conj unctionwi th th eannualNisei Con-ference. Th e"flu"causedth edoctortoadvisemetotak eth i ngseasyandnottoattemptth etrip.Forth edelegates,i twas

aluck ybreak becauseth i senabledth em tosee andh ear our past NationalPresident WalterTsuk a-moto,wh o wask i nd en-ough to'tak emyplace.TomYego andWalterdid yeomen's work i nspreadingth egospelofth e.JACLtoth egath eri ngas-sembledfrom tenstates..Th e American press allgaveasplendidcoverage.

Th i swasth e fi rstJACLgath eri ngtowh i ch aStateGovernormadeapersonalappearance.Th eS«tfLak eCitych apterdeservesspe-ci almentionfor th esuc-cess ofth e conventionwh i ch wasattendedby a-bout485registered dele-gates.Nowth eyaretalk i nga-

l>i >utbiddi ngforth e1944NationalConvention.TomandWalteraregoingtobestrongboosterstogiveth eSaltLak eCi tyth e h onorswh enth eNationalCouncilconsiders th i s matteratOak land i n1942.

*********Nationalh eadquartersi stryinganewexperiment.Awh oleyear's agenda h asbeendraftedforth ech ap-terstowork i nconj unctionwi th th enationalorganiza-tion.From timeto time,oth ermatterswillbepres-ented.Inth i smanner,i ti sh oped th atth ei ndi vi dualch apters willbebrough tet&sertoth eNati onalJA-CL.Some ofth e businesssh ouldbeeasy.Oth erswillrequirelargecommitteestobeorganized.Th eywi llre-quireconcentrated efforttogetth edata.Th eresultswillbe i nteresting i nth atth eywi llreveal,th etypeofleadersh i p th atth eJACLch aptersh ave.Wh en th ewh oleyear'swork h asbeenfini sh ed,Ih opesomecontributi onh asbeenmadebyallofusto-wardbuildi ngupourJA-CL and advancing th ecauseandwelfare ofth eNi sei asawh ole i nth i scountry.

*********Th eturnoverofmem-bersh i p i n some ofth ech apters i stoolarge.Iti si mportanttosecure newmembers,buti ti s j ustasi mportanttok eepth eoldonesi fth emembersh i prollisto sh ow an i ncrease.With th i sfacti nmind,th efi rstth i ng wh i ch i sbeingurged i sth ecollection ofdues.Th i squestion of- duessh ouldbeaperplexingpro-blemformostofth ech ap-ters.Itappearsth atama-j ori tyofth emch argeonly#1 ayear.Butstillth eyh aveth esamediffi cultyasth osech argi ngmore.Th eOak landch apterfurnish esone.good example.Th eyraisedth ei rduesto#1.50lastyear,butanaggressivecampaign i ncreased th emembersh i p.SanFranciscosh ouldbe

watch edth i syear.Th econ-stituti onalamendmenth as

'i ncreasedth eduesto$2forsinglemembersand#3formarriedcouples.Wi llth erebeadecideddecrease?Ifth esamenumberofmem-berspayth ei rdues, th ech apterwi llh avealargeramountofmoneytospendfori tsvariousactivi ti es.Undoubtedly many ofth ech aptersdesiri ngtoi n-crease th ei r membersh i pdueswillbeguidedbyth eresults.

THEPACIFIC CITIZENOffici alOrganof

JapaneseAmericanCiti zensLeagueEditori alandBusinessOffices

1623WebsterStreet,SanFrancisco,Calif.Subscripti on: #1.00Year.Enteredassecondclassmatteratth epostofficeatSan

Francisco,California,publish edmonth ly,underth eActofMarch 3,1879.

THE PACIFIC CITIZEN2January,1941

ForConvenienceDuringConventions,

Visi ts.KASHU HOTEL

1701LagunaStreetSanFrancisco,Calif.Ph one:WAlnut2000

MAKE IT

CHERRYLANDfor

Ch opSueyandSuk i yak i

1650PostStreetSanFrancisco,Calif.Ph one:WAlnut9907

M.G.MIYAMAExecutiveSecretary

JapaneseAssociati onofLodiSpecialRepresentativeofCalifornia-WesternStatesLi feInsuranceCo.NotaryPublic

25N.Stock tontSreetLodi,CaliforniaPh oneLodi 80

CIVILRIGHTSINCALIFORNIABySABUROKIDO.Th i s i snotth efi rsttimeI

h avewri ttenonth i ssubject.Because ofnumerouscaseswh i ch h avecome to publicattentionrecently,i tmaynotbeamissto comment onceagain.Asfarasth eCalifornialawgoes, i tappears th atth erei sadisti ncti ondrawnbetweenciti zens andnon-citi zens.For i nstance,th e Civi l

Codeprovidesasfollows:

SECTION51.Section51:Allciti zenswith i nth e j uri sdi cti on ofth i sstate areentitledtoth efullandequalaccom-modations,advantages,fa-ci li ti esand privi legesofi nns, restaurants, h otels,eatingh ouses,placeswh erei cecream orsoftdrink sofanyk i ndaresoldforcon-sumption onth epremises,barbersh ops,bath h ouses,th eaters,sk ati ngrink s,pub-licconveyancesandalloth erplacesofpublicaccommo-dationoramusement,sub-j ectonlytoth econditi onsand limi tati onsestablish edbylaw,andapplicableali k etoallciti zens.

SECTION52Section52:Wh oeverde-

ni estoanyciti zen,exceptforreasonsapplicableali k etoeveryraceorcolor,th efullaccommodations,ad-vantages,facili ti es,andpri-vi legesenumeratedi nSec-ti on51ofth i scode,orwh oaids,ori nci tes,such denial,orwh oevermak esanydis-crimi nati on,disti ncti onorrestricti on on accountofcolororrace,orexceptforgoodcause,applicableali k etociti zensofeverycolororracewh atsoever,i nrespecttoth eadmissi onofanyci-ti zento,orh i streatmenti n,any i nn,h otel,restaur-ant, eating h ouse, placewh ere i cecream ori softdrink saresold for con-sumptiononth epremises,barbersh op,bath h ouse,th eater,sk ati ngrink ,pub-licconveyance, or oth erplaceofamusementorac-commodation,wh eth ersuchplace i slicensedornot,orwh oeverai dsor i nci tes.such discri mi nati on,disti nc-ti onorrestricti on,foreachandeverysuch offenseisliable i ndamages i n anamountnotlessth anoneh undreddollars,wh i ch mayberecovered i nanactionatlawbrough tforth atpur-pose.Specialattention i sdrawntoth efactth atth e word,"citi zen,"i sused.Th eremayh avebeenrecoursefora li-berali nterpretationof th atwordi fth erewerenoSection53wh i ch readsasfollows:

SECTION53"Iti sunlawfulforany

corporation,person,oras-soci ati on,orth eproprietor,lessee,orth eagentsofei-th er,ofanyopera-h ouse,th eater,melodeon,museum,circus,caravan,race-course,fairoroth erplacesofpub-licamusementorentertain-ment,torefuseadmittancetoanypersonoverth eage

oftwenty-one years,wh opresentsatick etofadmis-si onacquiredbypurch ase,orwh o tendersth epriceth ereofforsuch tick et,andwh odemandsadmissi ontosuch place.Any personunderth ei nfluenceofli-quor,orwh o i sguiltyofboisterousconduct,oranypersonoflewdori mmoralch aracter,maybeexcludedfrom anysuch place ofamusement."Section54providesasfol-

lows: /SECTION54

"Anypersonwh oi sre-fused cdmissi on to anyplace ofamusement con-trarytoth eprovisi onsofth elastprecedingsection,i sentitled to recoverfromth eproprietor,lessee, orth ei ragents,orfrom anysuch person,corporation,orassociati on,orth edi rectorsth ereof,h i sactualdamages,andoneh undreddollarsi nadditi onth ereto."Th efactth atSection53

mentions"anypersonoverth eageoftwenty-oneyears"mak esth eprovisi onsappli-cabletoaliens aswellasciti zens.Such being th ecase,i tbecomes obviousth atth ebroadtermsofSec-

ti ons51and52applyonlytociti zensandnottoaliens.Th efactth atamini mum-damageof#100 i ssetbylawmak esth elaw drasticforanyonewh odi scri mi n-atesongroundsofraceorcolor.Ifth etermssh ouldbe k nownwidely,th ere i snodoubtth atth erewillbelessoffensei nth i sfieldasfarasCalifornia i s con-cerned.Inth i sconnection, i tmay

be i nterestingtoreadth eopi-nionofth erecentdecisi onofth eCourtofAppeals.Itwaswritten by Judge HomerSpenceandconcurredbyth etwooth er j udges. Plainti ffsweretwocoloredpeopleandth edefendantwasaCh i nese."Defendantoperateda■public establish ment k nownasth eNew Sh angh ai Cafe.Plainti ffsentered th e esta-blish mentandordereddrink sandsandwich esatth ebar.Iti sconcededth atth eywerere-fusedsuch service.Th etesti-mony i ntroducedbyplainti ffssh owedth atth eywere toldbyth ebartenderandth efloormanagerth atth eycouldnotbeservedatth ebarbecauseth eywerecoloredpeople.Th etestimony i ntroduced by de-fendantstendedtosh owth at

th erefusal ofsuch servicewas basedupon anallegedrule againstservingfoodtoanyoneatth ebar.Th eexist-enceofanysuch rulewasde-ni edby■th ebartenderwh encalledasa witness and h etestifi edth ati twascustomarytoservefoodaswellasdrink satth ebar. Th ere was al-so uncontradicted testimonysh owi ng th atoth er personswereeatinganddrink i ng atth ebaratth eti meth atsuchservice wasdeniedtoplain-tiffs. Th ere was th ereforesubstantialevidencetosustainsaidfindi ngs ofth e tri alcourtand underth esecir-cumstances,saidfi ndi ngsmaynotbe disturbedonappeal."Defendantapparentlyfurth ercontendsth atth erefus-altoserveacoloredperson

becauseofh i scolororracei nabarorsaloondoesnotcomewith i n th epurview ofsaidsections91and52ofth eci vi lcode.Webelieve,h ow-ever,th atsaidsections areplainandunambiguous.Saidsection 71 guaranteesto allciti zens 'fullandequalac-commodations,advantages,Fa-cili ti esandprivi legesofi nns,restaurants,h otels,eati ngh ouses,placeswh erei cecreamorsoftdrink sofanyk i ndaresoldforconsumptiononth epremises,barbersh ops,b'sthh ouses,th eatres,sk ati ngrink s,public conveyances and alloth erplacesofpublicaccom-modationoramusement...'Such sweeping language asth atemph asi zedobviouslyco-verspublicbarsorsaloons."

SCDC,NWDC ELECTIONSOrangeCounty,€j nPedro,SanLuisOpispo,

Brawley,SanDiego,Mid-Columbia

Th efollowingelectionre-sultsofJACLch aptersh avebeenreceived:SOUTHERNCALIFORNIA

OrangeCountyYosh i k i Yosh i da,pees.;Frank Nagamatsu,Istvice-pres.;HenryKanegae, 2ndvice-pres.;HelenHonda,rec.sec'ty; MaryWatanuk i ,cor-res.sec'ty; Ch arles Ish i i ,treas.;GeorgeNagamatsu,au-ditor;Kosak u Tamura,fin-ancech r.JArth urTak ah ash i ,membersh i p ch r.; Tsuyak iWatanuk i ,pub.ch r.

SanPedroMisak oIsh i i ,pres.; Sh i ro

IMatsush i ta,Istvice-pres.;Ta-tsu Fuk uzak i ,2ndvice-pres.;Sadak oYosh i da,rec.sec'ty;Mrs.Katsumi Yosh i zumi ,cor-res.sec'ty;Hisash i Hanamu-ra,treas.; Katsumi Yosh i zu-mi,auditor;members-at-largc—Ai k oMiyosh i , Mrs.Mar-garetUyematsu,Yosh i oMa-fcumoto,Drs.Nak amuraandFuj i k awa.

SanLuisObispoKarlTak u,pres.;BenFu-ch i wak i ,vice-pres.;JamesNa-k amura,corres.sec'ty;Rei k oHori,rec.sec'ty;TomoyeTa-nak a,treas.

BrawleyHatsuoMorita,pres.;Sh i gImamura,Istvice-pres.;Mrs.Miyamoto,2ndvice-pres.;Yo-sh i Kuramoto,sec'ty; TomMiyamoto,treas.;Kiyosh i I-zumi,auditor;boardofdir-ectors-*-ErnestFuj i moto,Hi-dek oMori k awa,Ei i ch i Nak a-zono,Ak i raAisawa.

SanDiegoFredKatsumata,pres.;TomMuk ai ,AnnaMori k awa,vice-pres.;Ch i k ara Ito,AudreyFuj i ta, secretaries;KatsumiNak agawa,treas.;EuniceHi-rose, h i stori an; and MotoAsak awa,pub.ch r.

NORTHWESTMid-Columbia

Mark Sato,pres.;KayNa-k amoto,Istvice-pres.;Doro-th yMorita, 2nd vice-pres.;Mi nAsai,treas.; Mrs.MitsTak asumi,rec.sec'ty;HumieInuk ai ,corres.sec'ty; MitsTak asumi,boarddelegate;Tai k oNorimatsu,soc.promoter.

FHADIRECTS 1941PROGRAMTOWARDLOW-PRICED HOMESINAIMFORBETTERLIVINGTh e North ern Californiadistri ctofficeofth eFederalHousing Admini stration re-portsth ati twillbegearedtomeetth edemandsofwh ati sexpectedtobeth emostpre-tentiousspringh omebuildi ngprogram i nrecentyears.Th i s,i twasexplained,i s i n

accordancewith th epolicyofAbnerH.Ferguson,recentlynamedFHA Admini strator.Hereported th at,with th ecooperationofmanufacturersanddistri butors ofbuildi ngmaterials,anambiti ous cam-paign i sbeing launch ed tomoreth orough lyacqauintfa-mili es'i nlowerincomegroupswith today'sopportunity toacquire h omesofth ei rown.Th e FHA program for1941,i twassaid,willbedir-ectedprimari ly towardlow-pricedh omeswh i ch nowcanbebough tforafew h undreddollarsdownandpaidforontermsoflessth anadollaraday. {Admini stratorFerguson

predicted th atnolessth an200,000famili eswillacquirenew h omes duringth ecom-i ngyear,financed th roughth eFHA- i nsuredmortgageplan,-andth atabout600,000additi onalfamili es willim-

proveorrepairth ei rpresentpropertiesth rough th eFHAproperty i mprovementcreditplan.Duringth epastyear, h esaid,approximately 180,000newsmallh omeswerebuiltorstartedunderth eFHAplan,representingani nvestmentofalmost#900,000,000. Underth eFHAmodernizati onpro-gramsome621,000 separateloansaggregatingmoreth en#250,000,000werei nsuredbyth eFederalHousingAdmin-i strationforth e repairandi mprovementofexisti ngresi-dentialproperties."AsadirectresultofFed-

eralHousing activi ti esfor1940,"Fergusonsaid,"moreth an800,000famili es—repres-enting3,250,000 people—areenjoyi ngbetterli vi ng condi-tions.Th ere i severyreasontobelieve1941willpassth atrecordbyawidemargin."

January,1941 i i " PACIFICCITIZEN 3

CaliforniaFlowerMark et

171-sth StreetSanFrancisco,Calif.Ph oneDOuglas4719

PeoplesLaundry165Tenth StreetPh .MArk et7959

SanFrancisco California

Wh eni nS.F.StopatHOTELAKI1651POSTST.

SanFrancisco,Calif.Ph oneFlllmore9548

TOKIOSUKIYAKI224"N.W.4th Ave.AT9900

NearEverettSt./*Portland,Oregon

NIKKOSuk i yak i -Ch opSuey-NoodlesTemptira(FriedSh ri mp)126N.W.4th Ave.BR.3928

Portland,Oregon

MutualSupplyCo.444SansomeSt. EX.5213

SanFrancisco,Calif.DISTRIBUTOROFStandardOilProducts

HomeCleanersfILDyers,Inc.909Wash i ngtonSt.

Teleph oneEXbrook 3190San'Francisco,Calif.*_ —--■ ■»■DR.T.T.YATABE

DENTISTTeleph one,No.2-04181431TuiareStreetFresno,Calif.

WalterT.Tsuk amotoATTORNEYATLAWTeleph oneCapital53101228Fourth StreetSacramento,Calif. >...

Wh eni nSanFranciscoDropinOnUs:EAGLECAFE&BAKERY1709Buch ananSt.

Th eKyosh i nSh a v510BatterySt. DO.1172SanFrancisco,Calif.INSURANCE

MIYAKOHOTELLeadingJapaneseHotel258E.FIRST,ST.LosAngeles,Calif.

TEL.MICHIGAN9581-9585

Dr.Hidek tHayash iDENTIST

1776PostStreetTeleph oneWAlnut2823 "SanFrancisco,Calif.

Elliot&Calden .GuyC Calden 22 BatterySt.ElliotW.Seymour SanFranciscoGilbertCalden Tel.GA.2410

Oak landOfficeTeleph one*

TWinOak s22881305 Frank li n St.

19AOPASSESINREVIEW--HAILTO1941SIX CHAPTERS JOINNATIONALBODY;YEARCLIMAXESWITH PORTLANDMEET

Th enewyearof1939op-enedtoaperiodofmomentouseventsclimaxed byth6th biennj alnationalconventionofth eJapaneseAmercanCiti zensLeague.Th etwelvemonth softh e

pastyearsaw sixch aptersadded toth enationalor-ganisati on,bringi ngth eto-talup to fiftych apterswith amembersh i p ofa-bout3,000.Underth enationalpresi-

dencyofWalterTsuk amotoofSacramento,th e leaguereach edanoth erfruitfulrrile-stonetorecorditssteadytro-gressoverten years.Th e yearopened to asprink li ngofh oli dayevei ts,such asth eWatsonville < i n-ner-dancetowelcome:nevly-electedofficersandth eMon-tereyPeninsula's Bth annuaNewYear'sballwh i ch drewsome 300youngNisei fromvariouspartsofnorth ernCa-lifornia.

I.D.C.BEGINSTh e South eastern Idah o

ch apterwh i ch wasencouraged-by Walter Tsuk amoto toform i nDecember of1938took acti on i nJanuary,1940,tonotonlyapplyformem-bersh i pi nth enationalorgan-i zati on,buttoformanInter-mountainDi stri ctCouncilcomprisi ngth eUtah "Idah och apters. Th e ch aptercon-sistedofNisei ofIdah oFalls,PocatelloandRexburg h ead-edbyYuk i oInouye,formerIdah oFallsKyowaClublead-er.South landNisei ,TogoTa-

nak a,English edi torofth eRafuSh i mpo,andEi j i Tana-be,presidentofth eLosAn-gelesJACL,took JamesK.Fisk ,ch ai rmanofth eCalif-orniaJointImmigrationCommittee,totask foraletterth elattersenttoleadingpublica-tionsasserting th at "about25,000American-bornJapan-ese"i nCalifornia "th reatenourprotectivelaws."SaidTa-nalcaandTanabe:"Th eAmerican citi zensofJapaneseextractionaskonly tolerance,fair playandunderstanding ofth efact th atth eyare'NewAmericans,'newlyarrivedondiesceneandarestrug-glingunderadversecircum-stancestoproveth ei rloyal-tyanddevotiontoth eonlylandth eyk nowas h ome."SAKAMOTOPRAISEDPraisecame to JamesY.

Sak amoto, former nationalJACLpresident, from th eJapan TimesWeek ly. Hiseditorsh i p ofth eJapanese-American Courier, Englishlanguage week ly,publish edi nSeattle,Wash i ngton, h asaided i n th epromotionofbetter>relations between th eUnitedStatesandJapan,th emagazinestated.Th efirstrumblingsofna-tionalconventionprepara-ti ons came from Portlancwith .th eannouncement th a\MamaroWak asugi h adbeenappointedtotak eth evacancyleftbyWilli eIto,ch ai rmanoAth econclave.Th enationalh eadquartersofj th eJACLstruck back onI

Jan.30againstth eCaliforniaJointImmigration Commit-teefor i tsattack s upon as-sertedactivi ti es ofth eNi seici ti zensrelativetoanti-Japanese legislations.Ch ai rmanFisk ofth ecommitteeh adsentasigned letterto allstatesenators and assembly-mendeclaringth atth eNiseici ti zensarebeing used to"figh tenactmentofsuch lawsasth eali enfi sh i ngbi llwh i chi sanationaldefense mcas-

WalterT.Tsuk amotocoun-teredwith th efollowingnoti-ficati ontoallch apters:"Th eaction ofth i scommitteei sundoubtedlycalculatedtobeth efi rststpp i nawell-organ-i zedplantoenactsimi larleg-i slati on i n 1941andrealizi ngth e i mportantpartth eleagueh asplayedi ndefeatingunjustanddiscri mi natorylegislationi nth epastsession,seek stodiscreditth eNisei byques-tioni ng th ei rallegiance toth i scountry."ARIZONACHARTERJoh nHiroh ata, presidentofth eAri zonaJACL, j our-neyeduptoSacramentotose-cureach arterfrom Tsuk amoto.HenryYonemoto,first'vice-presidentofth -̂'ch tfp'ter.accompanied h i m.

N.C.D.C.Newofficers to support

ch ai rmanSaburoKi doduringh i ssecondterm i nofficewerei nstalledatth ecouncilmeet̂i ngi nFebruaryatSanJosebyWalterTsuk amoto. Th elatterstressedth eaccomplish -mentsofth eJACLmovementatth elunch eon.Th e meeting served tolaunch th estudyofth e h i s-toryofth eJapanesei nNor-th ernCalifornia under th ech ai rmansh i pofFrank Nak a-mura.Announcementofth emem-bersh i pdriveunderth ech ai r-mansh i p ofJoh nson Kebowasalsoi nauguratedwith th egoalof3,500paid-upmem-bersbyth edateofth enation-alconvention,mak i ng th edi stri ctth estrongest m th enationalbody.Atotalof{(13,000 i ncash

wasreported i nth eNCDCtreasury.Ofth i s amount#8,000was i nth eform ofasink i ngfundandth ebalanceof#5,000 i nth egeneraltrea-sury.Th emini mum asadopted

atth edistri ctconvention i nJuly,1938,atSanFranciscowas#500. HenryMitarai ofSantaClarawasappointedtoh ead th e drive.Th elargestamountaccumulated at th etime was Sacramento with#2,000; next,SanFranciscowith #1,800; Fresno with#854;Oak lai KLwi th #750;andSonomawith #523."NISEIOFYEAR"

"*Agreatdealofexcite-mentensuedwith th eawar-dingofth e "Nisei ofth eYear"troph yto WalterTsuk amoto. Th e Ch i cagoJapanese Young PeoplesAssociati on,sponsor,cul-tmnatedth ei rsearch i nAp-ril.Aboutth i s timePortlandj

released i tstentativenational

conventionprogram.Prepar-ationsh adbeen going fullblastunderth ech ai rmansh i pofMamoruWak asugi.-Aconventionwh i ch foundmanyciti zenleaguers i n at-tendancewasth eStateJapa-neseFarmersConvention i nLosAngelesi nth elatterpartofApril.TomYego.wasnam-edch ai rman ofth e newlyformed Nisei AgriculturalFederationofCalifornia.Quiteabit ofdiscussion

wasdevoted towh eth erth eNisei farmers would j oi nwith th eJACL orform anorganizati onofth ei rown.Af-ter h eated arguments, th egroupagreedth ataseparatebodywouldbebetterabletolook afterspecialfarmingi n-terests.Alsodecided atth econ-ventionwasth esponsoringofNisei agriculturalmissi onstoout-of-stateareas.InMay,forth efi rsttimei nSeattleh i story,fourNiseiwerenameddelegatestoth eCounty Republican confer-ence.Th eywere:ClarenceT.Arai,Mrs.C.T.Arai,Dr.RobertHigash i da, andTo-sbi oHosh i de.SALTLAKEJOINSOneofth efeaturesofth esi xth annualFounder's DayBallsponsored by th eSaltLak eCityJACL.wasth efor-malpresentationofth ech ar-tersigni fyi ng th eaffili ati onofth i sch apter with th ena-tionalJACLi nMay.Simi larceremonieswereh eldatOg-den,Utah ,andSouth easternIdah o wh en th oselocaliti eswereformallyadmitted i ntoth e IntermountainDistri ctCouncil.Mayfoundth ePacifi cCi-

ti zenresumed,th i sti mei nSanFrancisco. Th e publicati onbeganasafour-pageediti on,on atemporary basis andwith th eunderstanding th atch apterswouldnotbeassess-eduntilpermanentactionh adbeentak en atth enationalconvention.OnMay23cameth ewel-comenewsth atth eFlorinJACLh adbeeni nstrument-ali npersuadingth esch oolboardofth atcitytoaban-donsegregationofOrient-alpupils.May25opened th e San

FranciscoWorld'sFairafterfanfareofcelebrationsi nAla-meda,Oak landandSanFran-ci sco.JACLch aptersofth eth reeciti estook parti nth efai ropening parades. Oak -landfeatured i tsnewbanner."STHCOLUMN"PURGETh efi rstofJunesawAm-

ericafacinga"fifth column"purge i nth emi dstofwh i chth eStateDepartmentclamp-eddownrigi drestricti onsup-onth eadmissi on ofaliens.Entrywaspermittedonlytoalienswh ocould establish a"legiti matepurpose orreas-onableneed"forcomingi ntoth enation':Kings County and Lodi

ch apters wereoffici allyad-mitted i ntoth eNorth ernCa-liforniaDi stri ctCouncilataregularsessionatFresnoonJune9.Also,atth i stimeth ecounciloffici allywentonre-

cordasagainstdualciti zen-sh i pand_reaffirmed with outreservation i tsallegiancetoth eUnitedStates.Stormsofprotestsfromci-vicorganizati onsth rough outth elandaroseuponth ePre-sidentialsignatureofth eali-enregistrationact th efirstpartofJuly,butth emech -anism proceeded i nspi teofth epublici ndi gnation..Realizi ngth evi talneedof

confidenceandsupport,th e'Americanciti zensofJapaneseancestrypitch ed i nandlent:wh oleh eartedaidtoth emove-ment.Bymeans ofclerical.work

andbyactingas i nterpreters,th eysi mpli fi edth ework con-;ductedbymanyJapaneseAs-|sociati onsforth ebenefitofth eIssei.PROPORTIONATEASSESSMENT

Inordertowh i pplans i n-tosh apeforth enationalcon-ventionatPortland,th eNor-th ernCalifornia andSouth -ernCaliforniaDistri ctCoun-cilscalledmeetingstodiscussproportionateassessment. Aplanwasdrawnupbyth elat-terandacceptedlaterat aspecialmeetingi nth enorth .Th enorth ernciti zensalso

wentonfavorforth econtin-uanceofth ePacifi cCiti zen.Reversalofth eLosAngel"

esCityCouncil againstth e'JeffersonPark project,con-templatedNisei h ousi ngpro-j ect, drew massed protestsfrom South landciti zens. Byth e mi ddle ofSeptember,h dfcever,somuch publicopi-nionh adbeendi rectedtoth epligh t ofNisei i nseek i ngequalityofh ousi ngopportu-nity,th atoppositi on againstth eJefferson Park projectwassweptaway.Th us, onemilestoneagainstdiscri mi na-tionwassuccessfully record-ed.THECONVENTIONAugust28foundallroadsleadingtoPortlandandwellth eymigh tfor,600delegatesconvergedatth eCityofRosesfora h ecti cfive-dayconven-tion.From th eopening Na-ti onalCouncilmeetingtotliclastdance atth eSayonaraBall,delegatesfoundperfect-i on i n awell-planned pro-gram.Notonlydidth ePortland

h osts contribute freely oftimeandmoney, but th eyboosted th e registration by233./PresidentTsuk amoto/madearingi ngaffirmationofNisei loyalty i n th eIcauseofnationaldefensei n\h i sopeningaddress,declar-j i ngth atth eferventloveof/th eciti zensforth ei rcoun-/tryi sequaltoth atofanyoth erAmerican and"cer-tainlysurpassedbynoAm-

V erican ofwh ateverracial\origi n."V Heexh orted: "Letusk eepforemosti nourmindsandh eartsth eblessedfactth atweareAmericansall,andth ati nth eenjoymentofth eprivi legesofciti zen-sh i pwestandreadyatalltimestocontribute toth eprogress ofourAmericanprinci plesofdemocracyandth at,wh enever th e needsh ouldarise,we willh eamongth efirstforth epre-servationofth esei deals."Notablefrom th everyfirst

dayofth econventionwasth epredominance of Americanreporterswh oflock edtoth e

convention press room atMultnomah Hoteltopoundoutdailycopyonth erecordgath eri ng.Notonly,didnewsstories

appear buteditori als prais-ed,th ezealofth eAmericanciti zensofJapaneseanecstryAllofPortlandbecamesud-denlyJACL-conscious.Unitedand Associated

Pressagenciesandradionewsbroadcasts alsotook upth ecry before th e conventionclosed.Resolutionspassed dur-

i ngth eh ugeconclavewereh eaded byth ereaffirma-tionwi th outany reserva-ti on,th eloyaltyofth eJa-paneseAmerican Citi zensLeague "to th eConstitu-ti on ofth eUni tedStatesandtoourAmericani deals,andinsti tuti ons."Th eleaguealsowentonrecordasbeingunalterablyopposedto anyform ofdiscri mi nati on againstanygroupofciti zensbasedonrace orcolor andurgedth ateveryeffortbemadetobringaboutnationalun-i tyofallAmericanciti zenstcfaceanyemergency.Also,resolved atth i s

ti mewasth eestablish mentofamediumtostudyandaid i nth e promotion ofnewventuresbyNisei andth ateach memberch apterstartViecreationofasink -i ngfundof#1,000 i mmedi -ately.Given offici alrecogniti oni ntoth enationalorganizati onatth i s time wasth eInter-mountainDistri ctCouncil.NATIONALELECTIONTh eelectionph i ch plac-

edSaburo Kido, formerNorth ern California Dis-tri ctCouncilch ai rman,i n-toofficeasth enewnation-alpresident,causedquiteastir.Listeners th rough outth eradiusofth eRi ch fi eldnewsbroadcastfrom Holly-woodsuddenly became a-wareofth eexi stenceofth eJACL with th eannounce-ment-ofth enewprexy.KenMatsumotoofLosAn-geleswasre-elected vice-pre-sident,aswasPortland'sHitoOk ada,treasurer.JamesSu-giok aofHollistercompletedth enewcabineti nth ecapa-cityofexecutive 1.

WALTERTBUKAMOTO'*TVeAreAmerican*1'(Ph otoCourtesyJapaneseJapaneseAmericanNews)

secretary

(ContinuedonPage 5)

Page4 January,1941THEPACIFICCITIZEN

North ern California Dis-tri ctCouncilsuccessfullybidforth e 1942nationalconven-tion.Th egrandclimax,th e Sa-

yonaraBall,saw600formal-ly-attiredNisei youngpeoplefillth e spaciousvMasonicTemple for an i mpressivegrandmarch andaneveningoffinalmerry-mak i ng.ADAMIC'SVISIT

LouisAdamic;famed au-th or,advisedNisei toencour-agetalentamongth ei rrank s,duringash ortvisi twith mem-bersof th e SanFranciscoch apter.Th osewh oattendedth edi nnergiveni nh onorofth e visi ti ngwriterwillbementioned i n a traveloguewh i ch Adami cwillwriteth i syear.CONSCRIPTIONEFFECTSInearlySeptember, Presi-

dentRoosevelt signed-"th econscripti onbillanddefini te-lyendedspeculationbystart-i ngth eh uge mach i nery torolling.About15,000Nisei i nth eUni tedStateswereaffeced.Aboutth i stime,WendellL.Willk i ebegan h i s barn-stormingcampaign for h i scandidacyforth e-h i gh estof-ficei nth eland.Se'ptember 29 defini tely

closed th e San FranciscoWorld'sFair,leaving onlytreasuredmemoriesofasuc-cessfulundertak i ng.Presidentialapprovalofth e

newnationalityacti nOctobercreatedafurore among th eoverseas-Ni sei ,affected by

th esi x-month clause.Under i ts newpresident,Saburo Kido,th e nationalJACLoffered i tsservicestoj th egovernmenti nth eregis-trationofdrafteesonOct.16.OnOct.11,newsstands i nJapanese communiti es soldoutoncopiesofLifemaga-zinewh i ch devotedsevenpa-gesto South ern CaliforniaNi sei atwork andplay.Switch i ngback toth edraft,

onOct.28everyradioi ntljecountrywastuned i ntoth e,nationallotteryatWash i ng-ton.Apartofh i storynow i s!lh efirstnumberdrawn,158.OAKLANDFOR 1942Oak land was offici allya-wardedth e1942nationalcon-ventionatth eNorth ernCa-liforniaDistri ctCouncilmee-ting i ri Sacramentoth elatterportionofOctober.„Seek i ng to end th eredtapeofexpatriati on,Hawai iNi sei ask edth ecooperationofth emai nlandciti zensi npeti -ti oni ng Secretary,ofStateHullto"negotiate»with th eJapanesegovernment.Th ena-tionalJACLextendedi tsco-operation.OnNov.5,th epeopleofth eUnitedStates castth ei rvoteandbrok eafamedpre-cedent.Th us,Frank li nDela-noRooseveltbecameAmeri-ca'sfi rstth i rd-termpresident.Aswegotopress,devel-loptrientsforetell1941willcontain many moremile-stones i nth eh i storyofth eAmericanciti zensofJapa-neseancestry.

"SUNNYCALIFORNIANS",

AgroupofCaliforni â delegatestoth enationalcon-ventionareseen h erewaiti ngforth ePi oneerbanquetto

start.Lefttorigh tare:RoyYosh i daofNewcastle,Dr.Masak oMoriyaofSanFrancisco,OscarFuj i i ofFresno,{Cath eri neSasak i ofFlorin,andDr.HarryY.Kita of

Salinas.(Ph otoCourtesyJapaneseAmericanNews)

DraftedStateEmployeesEntitledtoReturntoJobsAtEndofServiceSACRAMENTO, Calif.—Nationaldefensemili taryser-vice h asagain called menfrom th eDepartmentofNa-turalResources,accordingtoi nformation received today.Two state employees h ave

beengrantedleaves of ab-senceforoneyear'smi li tarydutybyth eStatePersonnelBoard i nSacramento.Th esemenareentitledtoreturntoth ei rpositi onsatth eendofth ei rmili taryservice,accord-i ngtoStateCi vi lServiceLaw.

MANUSCRIPTS INVITEDAnOnenLetterFromLouisAdamic

Miss EvelynKiri mura,Editor,Th ePacifi cCiti zen,Can Francisco,Calif.

DearMissKi ri mura:

Ireceivedyourrequestforanarticlewh i ch you couldpublish i nyourCh ri stmas i s-sue.Iwish Icouldh avecom-pliedwi th i t.Unfortunately,Icouldnot.Iam i nh umanlybusy,doingtbout six j obs:runningmyproject,work i ngonadocumentaryfilm aboutth enew i mmi grantgroups,actingasaconsultanttoth edefensecommissi on i nWa-sh i ngton,D.C.,editi ng th enew magazine, COMMONGROUND,andstarting6nanewbook wh i ch tofollowFromManyLands.Also, j ustnowIh aveno-th i ngspecialto say toth eNi sei th ati snoti mpli ed i nmystory"AYoungAmeri-canwith aJapaneseFace"i nFromManyLands.'But,-i fyouprintth i sletterinsteadofaformalarticle,Ish ouldli k etostressbyquotingwh atmy"h ero" of th e story saysaboutth eOrientalAmericansi n,general."IspentmyEastervaca-tioni n1938,"h esays,"tryingtowriteanessayonth eOri-entalAmericans.Ih eldth atth efi rstth i ngforusto dowastorealizeth atoursitua-tion,wh i lediffi cult,wasper-fectlynatural,i nfact,i nevi -table.Isaw i tth i sway:weareofth emostrecenti mmi -gration,andso stilli n,th eacutestageofadjustmenttoth ecountry,asth ecountry i s,i nturn,i nth atstage i nrela-tion/tous.Weh aveourpro-blem,tobe sure;butwh atcanweexpect?Wearemarg-i nalpeople,butmore i mport-ant,th anth atfactisth eneedfor!ustoseeth atweareth atnaturally.To cease beingmarginal, we mustproceedfromth i srealizati on,th eonlypointfromwh i ch wecanpro-ceed.Wemustlook both wi-th i n and outsideourselves,especiallyforth egoodandweak th i ngs wi th i nus. WemuststartWork i ngagainstourdisadvantages— wh i ch ,tore-peat,are perfectly normal:butth ei rbeingnormaldoesnotmeanweneedtoputupwith th em.In .America i tmeansth eexactopposite.Itmeanswemusttrytoover-cometh em.Ifwebuttry,wewilldosometh i ng.Wemustproveourselves.Allth epeo-ple,groups andindi vi dualswh ocameh ere h adtoproveth emselves.We muststandupandfaceth esituation,andnotwith drawfrom i tandli edown,orsneak aroundi twi thvariousdodges..."AfewscoreofNisei ,afterh avi ng read From ManyLands,h avewri ttenme;i nallcases approvingly,wh i chsomewh atdisturbs me.Isth erenoth i ngwrong'with myapproach ,wi th mypresenta-tionofth e"YoungAmericanwith aJapaneseFace"?Ori si tth atonlyth oseofth eNi seiwh oapprovewrite to me?

NISEIIN JAPAN . ..Caugh tInCrossCurrents,Th eyWi llWork toSmooth Relations

ByGOROMURATATOKYO—Everysh i p sail-

i ngforth e United Statesfrom Yok oh amah arborth esedayscarries aloadofNiseipassengers. Ever since th eU.S.State Department h asi ssuedanadvicetoallAme-ri canresidents i n th eFarEastwh oh avenon-urgentbu-siness toevacuate,th ereh asbeenaconstantstream ofNi-sei transpacifi c traffic backtoAmerica.Th eygobyN.Y.K.andsomebyPresidentliners.Th ereareoth erswh otak e;th ech eapermodeoftra-ve1 by tak i ng passenger-freigh terssuch asK.K.K.,Mi-tsui,orYamash i talines.Atanyrate i ti squitecre-tainth atl̂h e numberofNi-sei arrivals h as been cutdowndue to restricti ononpassports. Th i scoupledwithth egeneralexodusofNisei ,especiallywomenand ch i ld-ren, h ascutdownth eNiseipopulationi nTok yo,Yok o-h ama,Osak aandKobeconsi-derably.Onenoticesth i sph e-nomenonatpartiesandmee-tingswh ensomeofth efami-li arfacesaremissi ng.Mostofth eNisei i nJapan,

i h owever,aredetermined tostay,providedth eyh avesomeIuseful duties to perform.Manyareengagedi nj ournal-i sti cwork andi ti sth ei r j obtostick i toutnomatterwh ath appens. Th ose connected

AreallyouNisei sopolite?Ireallywish toh earfrompeo-plewh odonotagreewith me.Ili k e to h earapproval,ofcourse,buti ti smore i mport-ant i nth elongrun togetcriti ci sm.My h omeorper-sonalmailaddress i s:R.F.D.1,Mi lford,NewJersey.Ish ouldli k etosayafewwords i nth i s letteralso aseditorofCOMMONGROUND.Th efi rsti ssueofth i snewpublicati onappearedi nSeptember,th esecondear-lyinDecember.Both num-bersh avebeengiven,both byth ecriti csandth epublic,anextremelyfavorablereception,andIam sureth emagazinei s h eretostay.Th esecondis-sue containstwo articlesofspeciali nteresttoth eNisei :oneareportonth ePortlandconvention ofth eJapaneseAmericanCiti zensLeagueam'th eoth er a veryeffectivesk etch entitled "Lil"Yok eh ama"byTosh i o Mori, ayoungCalifornia-born Japa-neseAmerican.Iameagertoh aveanarticle orstoryorpoem byaNisei i neveryi s-sue,andIask Japanese-Ame-ricanwriters and would-bewritersto send th ei rmanu-scriptsto COMMONGROUND,222Fourth Ave.,NewYork ,N.Y.Oneambi-tionpfth eedi tori alstaffofth i snewmagazine i stogivea starttopotentialwriterswh oare i mmi grants orsonsanddaugh tersofi mmi grants.Wepayformaterial.

Sincerely,LOUISADAMIC

with th e missi onary i nsti tu-ti onsth i nk th eycancontinuetodoth ei rusefulwork i nJa-pan i nstead ofgoingback .Astoteach ersofEnglish ,li-teratureandmusic, aslongasth esi tuationremains j ustuneasy,th eywi llnotabandonth ei rposts.Th eyh avedevel-opedth ei rown j obsandpo-si ti onsandarereluctant toleave j ustbecauseth ei nter-nationaltensioni salittlebe-yondnormalcy.Mostofth em feel li k e

missi onariesh ere.Th eyh avecometQdosometh i ngusefuland serve i nth ei rownwayto i mprove th e Japanese-Americanrelations wh i chwerenonetoogoodevenatth etime ofth ei rdeparturefromth eUni tedStates.Th ei rsentimentcanbesummedupi nth ewordsofBish opJamesWalsh ,h ead ofth eMary-k nollCath oli c Missi on,wh oarrivedi nJapanto i nspectth e)Cath oli cmissi onactivi ti esi nth eOrient.Hesaid:"Th eCath oli cs are devotedprim-ari lytoth ecauseofreligi onandbelieveth ati ti sani nsti -tuti onsetapartfrom diplo-macy and,international,dis-putes.Th erefore,th eCath oli cmi ssi onariesarenotplanningtoevacuate or toleavebe-h i ndth ei rwellestablish edconvents, sch ools, h ospi talsandi ch urch es."ManyNisei h aveestablish -

edth emselvesi nJapanasbu-sinessmen,socialwork ers,tea-ch ers,tech ni ci ans,j ournalistsorradioartists. Th eyfeelth eyarenotresponsibleforth epresent.strainedrelations.Butth eyareconfidentth atth erearesometh i ngswith i nth ei ri nfluenceto h elpsolveth e i ssuesbetween th e twocountries.Th ey.believeth ei rwordswillh aveweigh twh enproperlyuttered i nth i scoun-tryaswellas i nth eUni tedStates.Asidefrom th osewh oaregainfullyemployed,th ere -salargenumber ofstudentswh oareprimari ly h ere tostudy.Oneofth ei mportantmotivesforth eseNi sei stud-entsstudying i nJapani stograspth ework i ngk nowledgeofth eJapanesetongueandpsych ology,soth atth eycanbecomeusefulAmericanciti -zenswh ounderstandOrientand h er peoples. Certainlyth i si snotime to suggestth atth eyqui tstudying.Th eysh ouldbeencouragedtocon-tinueth ei racademicactivi ti esandbreak th edeadlock th atexistsbetween AmericaandJapan.Even i fth erewillbeacrisi s, i twillbecometh ei rdutylaterontomak esmoothth e(ruffledwatersofth ePa-ci fi c.Such i sth e concensus ofNisei opini on i nJapantoday.Th eyarenowcaugh ti nth ecross currentsofastrainwworldsituationbutth eyarenotsowilli ngtogiveupth ei rpostssimplybecause th e i m-mediatefuture-is nottoobrigh t.

...MORE MILESTONES SEEN(ContinuedfromPage4)

January,1941 THEPACIFICCITIZEN5

Mark eti ngProblems....TooLittleAttentionPaid

Low-IncomeBrack etByDr.M.P.Rasmussen(Continuedfrom lastissue)Iti sofparamountimport-

anceth atwe h ave i nmindaclearpictureofconsumerab-i li tytobuy.Veryfewpeoplerealize h ow largea propor-ti onofourpopulation i s i nth elow-income group,andh owfewconstitutewh atmostofuscallth e"qualitymar-k et."Afewyearsago,th eU.S.

Departmentof.Laboranalyz-ed th eannuali ncomesofalargenumberoffamili es i n'some34citi es,i ncludingNewYork andCh i cago.About24percentofth efamili es i nNewYork Ci ty,and about23percenti nCh i cago h ad"incomesofless th an #1000peryear.Youwillallagreeth atth i si salow income"forcityfamili es.Personally,Idoubt verymuch wh eth erany familywith an i ncomeoflessth an'#2000ayear i nacityli k eNewYork orCh i cago canbegintobuysuch quantiti esandqualiti es offruitsandvegetablesas i tmaydesire.Yet57percentofth efami-liesi nNewYork ,and64percentofth efamili esi nCh i ca-go h ad i ncomesoflessth an#2000ayear.Ifsuch anas-sumption i strue, i tseemsth at th e "quality,mark et"wh i ch wetalk somuch aboutisprobablylimi ted i nNewYork Ci tytoabout27or28percentofth epopulation,:andi nCh i cagotoabout21or22percent.Our.surveysh owedth ata-bout30percentofth efami-liesi nNewYork Ci tylivedi n h i gh - i ncome neigh bor-h oods.IfIinterpret'th esefigurescorrectly th ere arefourorfivtfclassesofpeopleatwh om yoush ouldbeaim-i ngyourmark eti ngprograms,andnotmerelyatth etopor

so-calledquality group.ItmayweÛbeth atonereasonwh yabetterj obofmark eti ngvegetables h asnotbeendonei sth attoolittleattentionh asbeenpaid to

SUCCESSVIA N.Y.A.MoreandmoreneedyNi-

sei youngpeoplearefindi ngemploymentth rough th eNa-tionalYouth Admini stration.Th elatterprovides a two-fold opportunity— aid toyoungpeoplewh oareoutofsch oolandi nneedofjobstowork forwagesonusefulpu-bli cprojects andtoacquireth eback groundofexperienceth eyneedforprivateemploy-ment;andassistancetostu-dentstowork i nsch oolsandcollegesandearnmoneynee-dedforth e continuance ofeducation.UptoJune30ofth i syear,th eNati onalYouth Admi n-i strationwillprovide part-time j obsforapproximately500,000out-of-sch oolyouth .Th i sph aseofNYAactivi ti esi sk nownasth eout-of-sch oolprogram.Inadditi on,th ead-mini stration th i s yearwillprovidej obswh i ch willenableapproximately 500,000 stud-entstocontinueth ei reduca-tioni nsch ools,collegesanduniversiti es.Th i slatterph asei sk nownasth estudentworkprogram.

OUT-OF-SCHOOLWORKPROGRAMTh eout-of-sch oolworkprogram i scurrently operat-i ng i n2,903of th e*3,072countiesi nth eUnitedStatesaswellas i nAlask a,PuertoRicoandth eVirgi nIslands.Th i sprogramprovidessorelyneededwagestoth ousandsofyoungmenandwomenwh oh aveleftsch ool and wh oh avebeenunabletofindpri-vateemployment. Itgivesth eseyouth valuable workexperienceandrelated train-i ngwh i ch willimproveth ei rch ancesofgetting j obs i nprivate i ndustry.Iti mprovesth e h ealth ofyouth andbuildsth emupph ysi cally.Atth esametime,th i sprogramfillsth eneeds ofcountlesscommuniti esforservicesandfacili ti es wh i ch th eycannotprovidewi th i n th ei rregularbudget.TYPESOFWORKYoungpeopleemployedonNYAprojectsareconstruct-i ngpublic bui ldi ngssuch assch ools, community centers,libraries,h ospi tals anddor-mitori es.Th eybeautifyandi mprove public park s andgroundsaroundpublicbuild-i ngs, lay out recreationalareas,construct and repairh i gh ways,roads,streets andbridges, and conserve soilandforestresources. Th eybuild playgrounds, tenniscourts,swimmi ngandwadingpools, sk i j umps, sk ati ngrink sandbaseballdiamonds.NYAyouth sareemployed

asrecreationleaders i n com-munitycentersandonpublicplaygrounds,provide muchneededassistance tounder-staffed h ospi tals,clini cs, li-braries,museumsandofficesofgovernmentaland serviceorganizati ons.Th eymak eandserve h otlunch esforsch oolch i ldren, assist i n nurserysch ools,andj work onartandh andi craftprojects.Inbver 3,600 work sh ops

located th rough out th ena-.tion,th ousandsofyoungmenandwomenaregettingbasicexperience i nvariousmech -ani calpursuits. Insofar as

possible,young people em-ployedonprojectsaregiventh eopportunity to supple-mentth e practicalwork i ngexperienceth eygainonth ej obbyrelated traini ng i nclassrooms. By agreementwith th eU.S.OfficeofEdu-cation,th eadmini strationre-liesonth esch oolstoproviderelatedtraini ng. Th eyouthattendclasses on non-paidtime.Bydeveloping classes of

th i sk i nd, th eNYAenablesyoungpeople to coordinatepracticeandth eory.Youngpeopleemployedon

residentprojectsliveatth ej obsite, i nquartersrangingfrom remodeled dwellingh ouses tolargedormitori es,andareprovidedwith subsis-tencepaidforbyadeductionfrom th ei rwages.VOCATIONALGUIDANCE.Wh ereverpracticable, th eNYAgivesprojectemployeesatryoutexperiencei nseveraltypesofwork so th atth eycan more i ntelligentlyselectth eoccupations wh i ch bestsuitth ei ri nterestsandapti-tudes.Wh enfirstemployed,youngpeoplearei nterviewedandassignedtoprojects asnearlyi i tlinewith th ei ri n-terestsand abili ti es asposs-i ble.Arecordofth ework ofeach youth i sk eptandare-cordofth eprogressth eem-ployeemak es,th erebyenabl-i ftg supervisors to assistyoungpersonsi nfindi ngth ej obsforwh i ch th eyarebestfitted.Forth ebenefitofyouth ,

i rrespectiveofth ei rNYAem-ploymentstatus,th eadmini s-trationh aspreparedandpub-lish edover 100compreh en-sive i ndustrial and occupa-ti onalstudies.WAGESAND HOURSNYAyouth areemployed

onapart-timebasisandth ei rh oursarefixed i neach statebyth eStateYouth Admini s-tratorwith i na mini mum of40 andamaximum of100h ourseach month . Month lyearnings of non-residentyouth work ersrangebetween#14and#24, dependingonarea and type of work .Month lyearningsofresidentyouth saresomewh ath i gh erbutadeductioni smadefromth eseearnings tocoverth ecostofsubsistence.ELIGIBILITYYoungmenandwomenwh o

are,outofsch ooland wh oh avereach edth ei r18th andnotth ei r-25th bi rth day areeligi bleforj obsonth eNYAWork Projects Program.Th ose desiri ng employmentsh ouldmak eapplicati on ei-th eri npersonorbylettertoth enearestNYAofficeortoth estate NYA office.Incommuniti eswh ereth erearenolocaloffices,th epri nci palofapublich i gh sch oolorth ecounty superintendentofsch ools can usuallysupplyth eaddressofth estateoff-ice. jOnlyyoung people wh o

areciti zens of th eUni tedStates are employed.Allmustmak eaffidavi ts astoth ei rciti zensh i p .and musttak eanoath ofallegiance.Studentswh oh avereach ed

AIDFORNEEDYYOUTH

th ei r16th birth day butnotth ei r25th sh ould mak eap-plicati ondi rectlytoth e h eadofth esch oolorcollegeth eypropose toattend, on anNYAstudentwork applica-tionform wh i ch th esch oolwillprovide.RESIDENTPROJECTSAsli stedi narecentreleasebyth eNYA,new residentprojectsare)givenasfollows:

ForBoysMODESTO, Calif.—Youth swillwork 120 h ours

amonth i nbuildi ng,construc-tion and sh opwork . Tenh oursaweek ofrelatedtrain-i ngtobegiven i nvocationalcourses atModestoJuniorCollege.High sch oolgradu-atespreferred. Youth swillreceive #30 permonth ofwh i ch approximately#19willbedeductedforsubsistence.Recreation facili ti es ofth ej uni orcollegewillbe avail-able.Placementopportuniti esi nth ebui ldi ngtrades indus-try i nModesto and oth ercommuniti esaregoodatdiepresenttime.SACRAMENTO,Calif.—Youth swillwork 40 h ours

perweek atth eSacramentoAirDepotas h elperstosk i ll-edwork meni nth eengineer-i ng,quartermaster,depotsup-oly,and.signalcorps depart-ment.Each youth wi lltak .efromfourtosixh oursaweekofrelatedtraini ngi nth ere-gularly establish ed eveningvocationalcourses ofGrantUnionHigh Sch ool.Traini ngperiodwi lllastapproximatelysixmonth s.Uponcompletionoftraini ng,youth s wi llbeeligi bleforcivi lservicestatusasmech ani cs'h elper.SANDIEGO,Calif.—Livei nSanDiegoandgotoSanDiegoVocationalSch ool20h ours a.week .Accommoda-ti onsfor70 to 100boys.Ei gh ty h ours permonth i sspenti nproductivework un-derth esupervisi onofsk i lledi nstructorsatth eSanDiegoVocationalSch ool.Eigh tyh ours i ssp̂nti nrelatedair-crafttraini ngcourses i nsh eetmetalandriveti ngatth eVo-cationalSch ool. Each youthsh ould h ave completedth e10th gradeandmustbeabletofurnish certain necessarytools,i nvolving anexpendi-tureoffrom #8to#10.Th ecourseordinari lytak esfrom5to8week s.

ForGirlsSANTABARBARA,Calif.

—Domesticservice i na two-storybuildi ngnearEdgecliffHotel; accommodations for30girls.Seventy h ours amonth on h omemak i ng pro-j ectsatresidence.Instruction,lectures and demonstrationsatprojectonch i ldcare,etc.Th i rtydollarspermonth ofwh i ch #21willbe deductedforlivi ngexpenses.Traini ngperiodvarieswith th ei ndi vi -dual,usuallyth reemonth s.BERKELEY,Calif.— Cle-rical,h ospi talattendant,diet

k i tch en,waitresstraini ng,cos-metology,nursery sch oolwork ,commercialsewing,ph ysi calth erapy.Twenty-room h ouse.Fi fty h oursamonth onprojects i n Ala-medaCounty.Th i rtydollarspermonth with #20deductedforlivi ngexpenses.Classes i nvocationalfieldsatsch oolsi nvici ni ty.Requirementsofh i ghsch oolgraduationorequiva-lentandth reelettersofre-commendation.RIVERSIDE,Calif.-

Trained attendants. Courseoffers 1,640 h oursofh ospi -taltraini ngundersupervisi onoftwograduatenursesonth epremises of th e Ri versideCountyHospital.Th i rtydol-larspermonth with #20de-ductedfor livi ng expenses.Musth avecompleted h i ghsch ool,be atleast20yearsunless h avemajored i npre-nursingath i gh sch ool,th encanbe 18.Mustbei nexcel-lentph ysi calconditi on andfreefrom sk i ndisordersorblemish es.Th eh ospi taltrail-i ng i ncludes practice andth eoryofattendantwork i nh ospi talwards, dietk i tch en,laboratoryandseveraloth erh ospi taldepartemnts.Youth swilltak ea StateDepartmentofHealth examinati onatth ecompletionofth e coursetosecureastatelicense.

Co-Educational

SHERMAN,Calif.— Pro-j ectwork i ncosmetologyandcook i ngandbak i ng i soffer-ed.Sh ermanIndianInstituteissi xmileswestofRiverside.Transportation from citytoprojecti s available. Everyactivi tyandfacili tyiscentral-i zedonth ecampus.Th ereareseparatedormitori esforboysandgirlswh i ch areequippedwith sleepingi porch es, li vi ngrooms,reading and recrea-tionalrooms,etc.Youth swillwork 8 h oursaday except!Saturdays (4 h ours) andSundaysonprojectactivi ti esandrelated traini ng. Classroomwork relatedtoprojectactivi tywillbegiven fromonetotwoh oursdaily.Hi ghsch oolgraduatespreferred.Th i rty dollarspermonthwith asubsistencedeductionof#15.Recreationwilli ncludesoftball,speedball, h ock ey,bask etball,dances,h ousepar-tiesandtwopicturesh owsaweek .Traini ngperiodusuallyextendsforafullyear.Th eInstituteh asaplacementde-partmentwj j j j gh contactspros-pective employersforyouth 'sready for employment.Allyouth srecommendedth usfarbyth ei nsti tuti onh avebeenplaced.

Regionalprojectcoveringseveralstates

WEISER,Idah o—Homeec.onomics,businesstraini ngatRegionalVocationalSch ool.Businesscourse foryouth swi th h i gh sch oolgraduationandwith asch olasticratingi nth eupper50%.Work exper-i enceprojects,correlatedwithclass i nstruction,aredevelop-ed i neach di vi si on. Youth searnupto#29.50a month .Subsistence ofroom, board*andmedical care deductedleavesapproximately#10foreach youth 'spersonalneeds.Activi ti es i nclude recrea-tionsandclasses i n typi ng,art,piano.Seventy-fivegirlsand325boyswi llbeaccepted.Youth senrollfor12month sandmaytryoutfordifferentvocationalfields..Certifi catesofcompletionare given toyouth swh osatisfactorilycom-pleteafullterm.

ALIENCOUNT

Th e task ofcollectingbri efbiograph i esandfinger-printsofabout4,500,000ali-enslivi ng i neverycornerofth eUni tedStatescametoanendDec.26.Formonth sasteadystream ofnon-citi zensh adflowed i nto postofficesscattered overth e country.Th eyh adbeen.metbyacle-ricalforceof7,500,i ncludingmany village postmasters.Th ey h ad fi lled out twosmallwh i tecards forfili ngwith th eDepartmentofJust-i ce.Onecardcontainedth ei ranswersto 15questions;th eoth errecordeddieloopsandwh orlsofth ei rtenfingers.Th eregistration h adbeenor-dered by a Congressionalactpassedlastsummerasanationaldefensemeasureag-ainstfifth -columnactivi ti es.Th ealienregistration sur-prised offici als on twogrounds. (1)Itsh owedal-mostamilli onmoreforeign-ersth an h adbeenantici pat-ed;four-fifth s ofth etotalwerefoundtolivei nten i n-dustrialstates,led byNewYork .(2)Itproceededwithamini mumofconfusionandh ur̂feelings;th i sresultwasascribedtoth egovernment'spublici ty campaign assuringth atno.stigmawasattach edtoth eactofregistration,andtoth eexampleofdisti ngu-i sh ed ali ens wh o promptlyandch eerfullycompliedwi thth elaw.Curiousandamusingside-ligh tswerenotlack i ng. AMexican i nTexas-gave h i sageat121anddeclared h i m-selfarefugê from south ofth eRioGrande i nth e daysofSantaAna.A94-year-oldItalian i nLouisi anawonderedi fh i sresidence i nth i scoun-tryfor72yearsdidnotmak eh i m aciti ti zenwi th outform-ality.AHungarian i nOh i o,wh owas 105yearsoldandaCivi lWarveteran,h adnevergivenath ough ttobecomingaciti zen.ANegroinGeor-giawanted toregister be-cause h eth ough tbeingborni nGeorgiamade h i m anali-en;anoth erNegroinOk la-h oma h addi ffi culty i ncon-vinci ng th e auth ori ti es th ath ewasnotan alienth oughh ewasborni nAfrica. *"

7THEPACIFICCITIZENJanuary,1941

INTERMOUNTAINMEETINGBidfor'44MeetSALTLAKE,CITY,UtahIntermountainNisei began

preparationstopresentabidtoobtainth e 1944bienni alnationalconventionforSaltLak e City atabusinessses-sion ofth e distri ctconven-tiononDec.28.Th eactionwastak enatamorning"meetingi nth eL.D.S.Twentieth ward ch apel,SecondavenueandGstrett.Officersoutlined apro-gramtoobtain th e'1944convention forSaltLak eCi tyth at i ncludes begin-ni ngofwork i mmedi ately,pointi ng;outtonationalof-ficers th e advantagesofSaltLak eCi tyasaconven-tioncenter,andattendanceofdistri ctdelegatesatth e1942bienni alconventionatOak land,California.Officers'reportsweregiven

byY.W.Yamauch i ofPoca-tello,Idah o,secretaryofth ei ntermountain distri ct, andJoeKurumada ofSaltLak eCi ty,di stri cttreasurer. ■Delegatesalsowereconsid-eringrevisi onofth edi stri ctconstituti ontopermitdistri ctch ai rmentoappointsupervis-orsoverch aptersi nth esevenstates i nth edistri ct.

BuyLand,AdviceSALT LAKE CITY,Utah —"Buylandtoproveyourloyaltytoth i scoun-try.For,bybuying land-youproveyourloyaltytoth i scountry andyoutak egreaterparti n i tbecauseyoubecomeataxpayerandassumeyoursh areofsup-porting th e government,"Th omasM.YegoofNew-castle,presidentofth eNi-sei FarmersFederation ofCalifornia,advisedfarmersofth i sregion.Th espeech featured,aspe-ci alagriculturalsection onth emorningofDec.28,th esecond dayof th e Inter-mountainconvention."Youaresciti zens,andyou

sh ouldownland.Buyyourlandandth engoi ntodiversi-fiedfarming.Getawayfromtenantfarmingandgetawayfrom speciali zedfarming.Re-cordssh ow th e diversifi edfarmeri sth eonewh oi spay-i ng h i swayth esedays."Yegoalsourgedth eyoung

farmers to prepare th em-selvestoaidth ei nationalde-fenseprogram byeducatingth emselves i nth elinesneed-ed."Iti ssometimes diffi cultforusbecauseth erenowex-i sts atensefeeling betweenJapan and th e Uni tedStates,"Yegosaid."However,th edefense program needscapableweldersandelectric-i ans,andth i s i sourch ancetoprepareourselvestoproveourloyalty.Wewanttomak ek clearth atweare 1.00 percentAmericans."Th ere h as been spreadpropagandasayingth erearcspiesandfi fth columnists a-mongus. Th at i snonsenseand h ooey."Th eCalifornian also dis-

cussedopportuniti es forth e

SaltLak eCityWelcomesDelegatesSALTLAKE CITY,Utah —"WewanttoclarifyourstandtofellowAmeri-cans.Weh ave18,000able-bodiedmenofdraftage i nth eUni tedStates andallh averegisteredforselectiveservice andarereadytoj oi nth eUnitedStatesarm-ed forces i fnecessary,"WalterTsuk amoto,pastna-tionalpresident,declaredatth eopeningceremoniesofth efi rstIntermountainDis-tri ctCouncilconventionandth eeigh th annualIn-termountain Nisei confer-ence.Tsuk atnotorepresentedSa-buroKido, nationalpresid-ent.Th espeak eroutlinedth epurposesofth eJACLmove-ment and h ow i tbenefitednotonlymembers, but allNisei .Heremark ed th atwh i le

th ere i s"some(suspici on"dir-ected againstJapanese-Ame-ricansonth e westcoast, h eh asfound th ei ntermountainareafreefrom such suspi-cion. "Inth i ssection,i ti s"moretak 'enforgrantedth atwe're100percentAmericans,"h ejsaid."Ourwh ole program i s

foundedonmak i ngusbetterAmericanciti zens."GovernorHenryH.Blood

welcomedth econvention,de-claringh e h adalwaysfoundth eJapanese good citi zens.Herecitedth ewordsofth estatesongtoi llustrateloveofcountryand state.SaltLak e members pres-

entedth egovernorwith anantique,bronzevase,"inap-preciati on ofyour manyk i ndnessesandservicestoth eJapanesepeople"duringth epasteigh tyears.Th e i dealsofAmerican-

i sm embodied i nth e Japa-nesecreed of citi zensh i p!couldbewelladopted by:allAmericans,MayorAb

Jenk i nssaidi nh i swelcomeaddress.''IwelcomeyoutoSaltLak e

andwish yousuccess.Iwanttocongratulateyou onyourh i gh i dealsandth efaith andconfidence youh ave i nth efuture.Ih avereadyourJa-panese Americancreed,andIwish allAmericans wouldadoptth ei dealsembodied i nth i screedand mak e th empartofth ei rlives,"h esaid.Acopyofth i screed, i n

wh i ch th e Japanesepledgeth emselves to"actively as-sumeth ei rdutiesandobliga-tionsasciti zens,"waspresent-edtoMayorJenk i nsonth eopeningday,Dec.27,wh enmembers ofth e conventionvi si tedoffici alsofcity,state'andcivi clbodies.Onth ei rtour, wh i ch fol-

lowedoffici alregistrationatth ech apel,th eJapanesevisi t-edGov.HenryH. Blood,SecretaryofStateE.E.Mon-son,Governor-electorHer-bertB,Maw, Ch amber ofCommerceSecretary GusB.Back man,MayorJenk i nsandoth ers.Atth eCh amber ofCom-

merce,offici alsofth eleagueassured Back man th ateveryeffortwouldbemadetobringth enational convention toSaltLak e i n1944.Followingth evi si tstoth evariousoffici als,th edelega-tionreturned to th ewardch apelforan i nformalget-togeth eranddance.Th efi rstgeneralmeetingfollowedth edance.Asth edelegatesregisteredi nth i smorning,th eysignedaloyaltypledgewh i ch willbesenttoPresidentRoosevelt.Adinnerh onori ngpi oneerparentsofJapanese Ameri-canswash eldafterth eopen-i ngceremony i n Memorialh ouse i nMemorypark ,fol-lowedbyarollersk ati ngpar-i ty-

PledgePresentedtoSec'tyofStateSALT-bAKECITY,Utah

j r—E.E.Monson,Utah secre-taryofstajeth ank edth e485NiseK-dtlegatestoth eInter-mountainDi stri ctconventionforth ei rloyalty pledge toth eUnitedStates.Th epledgewaspresentedtoth eoffici albySh i gek i Ush i oatth efare-wellbanqueti nth eOldMillclub,BigCotrbnwoodcanyon,onth eeveningofDec.28.Th epledge,wh i ch willbeforwardedtoth ePresidentofth eUni tedStates,'follows:"Toth ePresident ofth e

Uni tedStates:"Wh ereas,i nth esetimesof

strained i nternational rela-tionsh i ps andconsequentru-morsand i nstances of un-Americanactivi ti esamongth eresidents ofth i scountry, adoubtj ni ayarisei nth emi ndsofth eAmericanpublicastoth eloyaltyofth eAmericanciti zenswh oareofJapaneseancestrytoth i scountry;and,"Wh ereas,we,th eAmericanciti zensofJapaneseancestry,h avi ngbeenborn i nto andJapaneseyouth s i n variousvocations at th eafternoonsessions.

educated i nto th eAmericanwayoflife,to ch eri sh i tsi dealsand i ts i nsti tuti ons,tobelievei nth edemocraticsy-stem ofgovernment,toloveth eStarsandStripesasth esymbolofth i s"greatlandofours,sincerelywish toconveytoth eAmericanpublic th efactth atalloursympath i esandth ough tsareforAmeri-caandth atweareunreserved-lyloyaltoh er,"Be i tresolved byth e

undersignedAmericanciti -zensofJapaneseancestryi nconvention assembledth i s27th and28th dayofDe-cember,1940,i nSaltLak eCi ty,Utah ,th atwedoh erebyreaffirm ouralle-giance,with outanyreser-vationswh atever,to th eUni tedStatesofAmericaanddo h erebypledgeourlivesandfortunes toth epreservationofth eAmeri-canwayoflifeandgovern-ment."SecretaryMonsonurgedh i s

li stenerstostudyandunder-standth edemocraticph i loso-ph ysoth eycould doth ei r

DearEditor:Wh i leresidi ng i nJapana

ch i ldwasborntousandal-th ough Iunderstandth atmy.ch i ld i sanAmericanciti zenbecauseboth mywifeandIareciti zensIam,unabletoobtainabirth certifi cate oroth erevidenceofh i sciti zen-sh i p.Iwaswork i ngforanAmericanconcernatth etime(1935-37) and returned toAmerica on September7,1937with mywifeandch i ld.Wei h adnodiffi cultylandingasAmericanciti zens*.Willyoupleaseadvise me h ow mych i ldcanbeassuredth atmych i ld's American citi zensh i pwillnotbequestioned?

-C.T.K.WalnutGrove,Calif.

MydearMr.K:Th elawas i tstandsto-

daymak esnoprovisi onforregistration of ch i ldrenbornofAmericanciti zenswh i lesojourningi nafor-eigncountry exceptth atth evariousAmericanCon-sulswillregisterth ereportof such birth sprovidedareporti sperso.nalrymadei nsuch foreigncountryandpriortoreturn,toth eUn-i tedStates. Th elatterisarecommendedprocedureandi fth eparentswillpre-sentevidenceofth ei rci ti -zensh i p(bycertifi edbirthcertifi cates)atth eti meofmak i ngth ereport,th eAm-ericanConsulwillmak eth efollowingentryonth ebackth ereof:"presented(date)atth eAmericanConsulate,Nagasak i , Japan (oranyplaceofissue)i nreportingth e birth of (name ofch i ld)anAmericanciti zenborn(date).Joh nDoe,A-nu-ricanConsul."Inyourcase i ti sdoubt-fuli fth eConsulwillmak e

parti n assisti ng i nth egov-ernmentandteach i ngth oseofth ei rrace wh o cometoth i scountry."Th egovernmentof th eUnitedStatesi sagovernmentforth epeoplewh erei nth eyenjoy i tsbenefitsand privi -leges,/rath erth an govern-mentforwh i ch th e .opleex-i stforth egovai ment'sglor-i fi cati on,"h edeclared."Wemuststrivetopreserveth i sfree government, parti-cularly i ndangerous timessuch as th esewh endi ctatorsaretryingtoforce on th eworldth ei rth eoryth atmigh ti srigh t,"h eadded.

anentryi nviewofth efactth atyou h avealreadyre-turnedtoth eUnitedStatesandi ti ssuggestedth atyouandyourwife execute anaffidavi tsettingforth th efactssurroundingth efactofbirth ofyourch i ld,suchasth edate,nameofsteam-sh i pandportfrom wh i chyouleftth eUni tedStates,th enatureofyouremploy-mentandresidence i nJa-pan,th edateofbirth ofyourch i ld,th efacts neces-sarytosh owyournativi tyasanAmericanciti zen,andth edate,nameofsteam-sh i pandportofreturn i nth eUnited States.Yourch i ldmayth enuseth i saf-fi davi tasproofofh i sA-mericanciti zensh i p.Inor-dertoprecludeth epossi-bi li tyoflossordestructionofsuch affidavi t,i tmaybewisetorecord th edocum-entwith th eCountyRecor-derofth ecountywh erei nyoureside.Ifth eori gi nali sth ereafterlost,stolenordestroyed,acertifi edcopymaybeobtained fromth eRecorderuponpaymentofasmallfee.DearEditor:Idesiretoobtainapass-porttogotoJapantoseemyfath erwh o i sveryoldandi snotexpectedtoliveverylong.Iam|32yearsofageandofcourse registered for th edraft. CanIgetpermissi onfromth eDraftBoardtogotoJapan under th e circum-stances?

G.Y.M.Sacramento,Calif.

MydearMr.M:Alargenumberofre-

questsforinformationofasimi larnatureh asbeenre-ceivedbyth i sdepartment,andalth ough a clearcutanswerapplicable toallsuch casescannotbegiven,th ebesti nformationasofth i s date (January 7th ,1941)isth ateventh oughconsenttoleaveth eUni tedStatesmaybegrantedbyth eDraftBoard,th eUnit-edStates DepartmentofStatewillnoti ssuea.pass-portfortraveltoJapanonth eground th atabnormalconditi ons donotwarrantsuch i ssuance. Underth epresentcircumstances,i ti sh i gh lyi mprobable th atapassportwillbeissuedtoyoueventh ough youmaybeabletoobtainth eDraftBoard'sconsent.

SpecialServiceToReaders . . .

ByWALTER TSUKAMOTOTh eLEGALFORUM isconductedasaserviceto

membersontopicsofgenerallegalimport.Answerswillbeprintedi nnon-tech ni callanguage.Tech ni calquestionswillnotbeansweredasth esesh ouldbereferredtoanattorney.Noquestion-willbeconsideredunlessth enameandaddressi sgiven.

January,1941THEPACIFICCITIZEN8

PICTORIALLY YOURS1941 Intermountain HeadsNamed

SALT LAKE CITY,Utah —Officers.ofth eIn-termcuntainDistri ctCoun-ci lelectedfor1941andan-nounced at th efarewellbanquetareasfollows:Mi k eMasaok a,reelected

ch ai rman;BillYatnauch i ofPocatello, first vice-ch r.;Kay Terash i ma ofSaltLak eCi ty,second.vice-ch r.;.TatsuoKogaofOgden,se-cretary;andJoeKuruma-daofSouth SaltLak e,re-

electedtreasurer.Th efour-dayconvention

closedonth eafternoonofDec.29afterattendanceatreligi ousservicesandparti-ci pati on i nbowling-andpingpongtournaments.HANDSHAKEOFSINCEREFRIENDSHIP

Symbolicofth efri endlyspiri twh i ch ch aracterizedth eIntermountainconven-tionwasth e warm h and-

sh ak e ofGov.HenryH.Bloodwh ogreetedWalterITsuk amoto,pastnationalipresident,onth eopeningI

day.(Ph oto Courtesy ofTh eDeseretNews,SaltLak eCi ty)

LOYALTY TO COUNTRY ..... .AMERICAN CITIZENS ALL

SecretaryofStateE.E.Monson,left,examinesth eJACLpledgeofloyaltypresented to h i m bySh i gek iUsh i o,ch ai rmanofth epledgecommittee.Look i ngon i s',MaryTanitni ne,Rock Spri ngs,Wyomingdelegate.(Ph otoCourtesyofth eSaltLak eTribune,SaltLak eCi ty)

AGRICULTURALLEADER ......COOPERATIVEMARKETING

Th omasM.YegoofNewcastle urged cooperativefarm mark eti ng-duringth especialagriculturalsectionat-tendedbyth edelegatestoth eIntermountainconvention.(Ph otoCourtesyofTh eSaltLak eTelegram,SaltLak eCi ty)

JACLCALLSONSALTLAKE MAYOR

An offici al calluponMayorAbJenk i nsofSaltLak eCi tyafforded,anop-portunityto'i nspectHis

Honor'sboomerang,agift'fromAustralia.Past Na-ti onal President WalterTsuk amotofindsth eobject

ofinterest.(Ph otoCourt-esy*ofTh eSaltLak eTele-gram,SaltLak eCi ty))L

SALTLAKECITYNEWSPAPERSGIVEGENEROUSSUPPORTTOCONCLAVESALT LAKE CITY,Utah —Notableforth edai-..lycoverageofth efi rstIn-tefmountainDi stri ctCoun-ci lconvention and th eeigh th annualIntermount-

ai nNi sei conference wereth eth ree localAmericannewspapers, Th e DeserctNews,th eSaltLak eTele-gram,andTh eSaltLak eTri bune.

9Ti IEPACIFICCITIZENJanuary,1941

NORTHERN CALIFORNIAPROJECT . ... .SANTACLARA,SALINAS,ANDSONOMAHISTORIES

THREE REPORTSINTHISISSUE(Editor'sNote:Duetoth ebrevityofth eSalinasValley, Sonoma Countyh i stori calsurveys forth eNorth ern California Dis-tri ctCouncilproject,wearepublish i ngallth reei nth i smonth 'sissue.UNITEDCITIZENSLEAGUEOFSANTACLARACOUNTYByMitsui eMiyata,HistorianPriorto 1908,th efi rstJa-

panesesettlers succeeded i nforming two organizati ons,th eKyogi Kai andth e SanJoseDoh oKai .OnJuU/̂24,.1908,th eJapanese Associa-tionofSanJosewasformallyi naugurated.Occupationsofth efi rstset-

tlersconsistedmainlyofworkas commissi on bosses andranch foremen.Th eJapaneseadded to th ei rsalariesth rough profits from boardandmealssupplied laborersemployed i norch ardsownedbyth eAmericans.Th e approximatenumberofJapanesei n 1908was300ofwh i ch number, 170weremembersofth eJapaneseAs-sociati on.Th efi rstexampleofdiscri -

minati ontook place i n 1900wh enwh i telaborersattack edaJapanesecamp ownedbyMr.HumeatLosGatos.Th eattack took place,i twas h eld,duetoenvy!.ofth eexpansionofJapaneselabor.Atth epresenttime,th eIs-

sei malepopulation consistsof535,Issei female popula-tionof391.Th ereareatotalof878Ni sei malesand787Nisei females. Th e totali s2,591.From th efi rstfew occupa-tions,th eli sth as grown toi ncludeth efollowing:news-papers,drugstore,ph ysi ci ans,midwi fe,grocery,drygoods,booicstore, artstore, sak e-store, watch repair,candystore,fish mark et,fruitandvegetablemark et,Farmsupply,seed compa-ny,fertili zercompany,sh i p-persandtransfers,i nsuranceagency,laundry,tailor,dress-mak er,ph otoservice,print-i ng,radiosh op,food prod-ucts,nursery, florist,h otel,restaurant,autosupply,bath ,barber,beauty parlor,poolroom,carpenter,tallowcom-panyandfarming.Totalacreageownedbyth efarmersis1,050;acresrented,6,700.Acreageof!foodprod-uctsproduced i sasfollows:vegetables,3,800; tomatoes,550;fruits,700;peas,1,700;celery,600;berries,500.Oneofth e ch i ef young

people'sorganizati onsto j oi ni nth ewelfareofth e Japan-esecommunitywasth eUnit-edCiti zensLeagueofSanta-ClaraCounty.Th elatterh as"cooperatedwith th eJapaneseAssociati oni nfosteringgoodwillwith residents ofoth erraces.Th rough i ts partici pa-

tioni ncivi cdutiessuch aspurch aseofAmericanbondsduringth eWorldWar,con-tributi onstoth eCommun-i tyCh estandcooperationi nci tyfestivals,th eJapan-eseresidents h avegainedth erespectofth ei rfellowtownsmenandh avelaidth efoundationforasoundre-lationsh i p.

SONOMACOUNTYBySaburoSugawara,Ch r.Mi noruMatsuda,Frank OdaTh efi rstJapanese toar-

rive i nSonomaCounty was-KanaeNagasawai n1874.Hesettledtwomiles" north ofSantaRosaand h elpedtoop-enfirst..friendsh i ps betweenJapaneseandAmericanresi-dents.■Th efi rstsettlerswereeith erstudents or laborers.Th esepeople.finally bandedtoge-ertoform th eJapaneseAs-sociati onofSonomaCounty.Asth erewasasteadyflowofsettlers,nodefini tenumberwasrecordedastoth eJapan-eseresidents.Nagasawawasch i eflyresponsible for th emigrationofearlypioneerstoth i sregion.Norecordexists ofracial

prejudi ce i nSonomaCounty.However,accordingtosomeold-timers, th ere wassomediscri mi nati on. Th e extentwastocallth e Issei "Japs,"butnoph ysi calviolencewasreported.Th etotalpopulationbfth e

Japanese i nSonomaCountyatpresenti s800,of/-wh i ch500areIssei and30