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Transcript of Pacific Coast Steelhead Management Meeting What Are Managers Required to Provide Their Constituents?...
Pacific Coast Steelhead Management Meeting
What Are Managers Required to Provide Their
Constituents?March 9-11, 2004 Bob Leland
Steelhead Management
HistoryManagement objectivesWhere we are goingSome questions that need addressingSummary
Washington State Steelhead Management Areas
Boldt Case Area
Tribal co-managementNo ESA listingLittle supplementation of wild fish
Southwest Washington
No tribal co-managementLower Columbia ESU steelhead were listed
as “threatened” in March, 1998Wild Steelhead Release regulations
initiated in 1986 for most of the ESU
Upper Columbia and SnakeUS vs. Oregon
Tribal co-managementESA Listed as “Threatened” (3/98) and, in the
Upper Reaches of the Columbia, “Endangered” (8/97)
Catch and Release (Wenatchee) in 1983Wild Steelhead Release for Upper Columbia in
1987, and in 1985 for the Snake River BasinSection 10 Permit to Manage Excess Artificially
Propagated Steelhead to Enhance Natural Origin Populations (10/03)
Steelhead Management
HistoryManagement objectivesWhere we are goingSome questions that need addressingSummary
Management Objectives
Maintain healthy wild runsProvide hatchery fish for harvestAllocate harvestable surplusProvide diversity of opportunityFederal legal requirementsCo-management with Tribes
Management Objectives
Management by river systemsEstimate runsizes – wild fish focusSet escapement goalsMonitor fisheries and escapementImplement in-season management actions
Steelhead Management
HistoryManagement objectivesWhere we are goingSome questions that need addressingSummary
Where We Are Going?
Review and Modify the SHMP
Complete SHMP in 2 yrs, under SEPAWork with staff, constituents, advisory
group and tribesEscapement goalsDiversity of recreational opportunitiesHatchery production
Develop regional plans for diversity of opportunity and recovery needs
Review and Modify the SHMP
Incorporation of Hatchery Scientific Review Group (HSRG) Recommendations
Wild steelhead/salmonid mgt. zones, sanctuaries Segregated Management Programs (discrete
gene-pool that is segregated, genetically & reproductively, from natural spawners) Use locally-adapted hatchery (early-timed) segregated
broodstocks Manage the hatchery stock to maintain early spawn
timing
Review and Modify the SHMPIncorporation of Segregated Program
Recommendations continued:Smolt release & adult harvest strategies that have
minimal impact on wild populationsMark all released hatchery-origin fish to max.
harvest, assess stray rates and assess genetic risk to natural stocks
Release fish in a manner to minimize straying & opportunities for natural spawning
Returning hatchery adults constitute < 5% of natural spawners
Review and Modify the SHMP
Incorporation of Integrated Program Recommendations (maintain genetic characteristics of “wild” fish among hatchery-origin fish)Good hatchery practices10-20% of broodstock is composed of natural-origin
spawnersDetermine proper size of hatchery programs releases
based on goals of stock< 1/3 of natural origin escapement should be hatchery-
origin adultsControl hatchery spawners through harvest, trapping, etc.
Steelhead Management
HistoryManagement objectivesWhere we are goingSome questions that need addressing Summary
Returning hatchery segregated stock adults constitute < 5% of wild spawners
Determine proper size of hatchery programs releases based on goals of wild stock
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Hoh River – segregated stock
Esc. goal for wild = 2,400; 5 yr avg. = 2, 700Early timed smolt release target = 100,000Hatchery harvest 5 yr. avg. = 2,800
@ 70% harvest rate = 4,000 hatchery runsize1,200 hatchery fish, potentially spawning with
wild@ 90% harvest rate = 3,100 hatchery runsize
300 hatchery fish, potentially spawning with wild
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Hoh River - segregated stock continued –
@ Wild esc. goal = 2,400; only 120 hatchery should have potential to spawn with wild
@ 5 yr. avg. wild esc. = 2, 700; only 135 hatchery should have potential to spawn with wild
Too many hatchery fish have the potential to spawn with wild fish From 180 to 1,080 hatchery fish
Too many early-timed fish!
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Can efficient enough traps be put into streams to remove excess hatchery fish?
Can methodologies be developed to better estimate total hatchery run sizes?
Should early-timed hatchery release numbers be lowered or totally eliminated?
Can both tribal and recreational fisher desires be addressed?Economic/Social – tribal and recreationalCultural – full season; November to March/April
Some Questions That Need Addressing
For integrated programs < 1/3 of natural origin escapement should be hatchery-origin adults
Determine proper size of hatchery programs releases based on goals of natural stock
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Hoh River – (numbers from current targets/data)
Esc. goal for wild = 2,400; 5 yr avg. = 2, 700Integrated stock smolt release target = 100,000Integrated stock harvest 5 yr. Avg. = 2,800
@ 70% harvest rate = 4,000 integrated stock runsize1,200 integrated stock fish, potentially spawning
with wild@ 90% harvest rate = 3,100 integrated stock runsize
300 integrated stock hatchery fish, potentially spawning with wild
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Hoh River continued – Wild esc. goal = 2,400; @ < 1/3 up to 800 integrated
stock fish could have potential to spawn with wild5 yr. avg. wild esc. = 2, 700; < 1/3 up to 900 integrated
stock fish could have potential to spawn with wildAt 100,000 smolt release target, number of integrated
stock fish that may spawn with wild fish is: From 300 to 1,200 fish – is with-in/close to HSRG targets
Looks real good on paper!
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Will there be funding for facility improvements/ new facilities to implement properly?
Can efficient/weather resistant traps be put into streams to remove/separate excess hatchery fish?
Can methodologies be developed to better estimate total hatchery returns/run sizes?
Will funds be available to monitor the harvested portion of run?What actually is harvested; wild/hatchery?
Some Questions That Need Addressing
What is left to spawn?Hatchery or wild, and in guideline proportions?We do not currently know? Hatchery fish esc. estimates
are mostly mathematicalCan both tribal and recreational fisher desires be
addressed?Economic/Social – tribal and recreationalCultural – full season; November to March/AprilNon-selective gear used by tribal & non-treaty fishers,
may have greater impact to wild than hatchery portions of run? Mortality estimates difficult to derive.
Some Questions That Need Addressing
Need to start over on pre-season estimations of tribal and sport impacts After 25 years, have it nailed down
Within the up to 33% hatchery fish allowed to spawn with wild, what will the impacts be, 20 or greater years from now? How do we avoid a potential genetic monster?How will the new hatchery/wild interactions be
determined under this new set-of-rules? We’ve learned a lot about early timed hatchery steelhead and
their genetic impacts on wild.
Steelhead Management
HistoryManagement objectivesWhere we are goingSome questions that need addressing Summary
Summary
WDFW has a lot of steelhead management history.Maintaining wild fish is the top priorityHatchery fish are for harvestProvide opportunity for tribes and sport fishers
New SHMP will be completed in 2 yearsHow will HSRG recommendations be
incorporated into the new SHMP.
SummaryWill adequate funding be available to monitor and
evaluate incorporated HSRG recommendations:Determine proper size of hatchery program for
segregate and integrated programsWild fish are protected for the long term
Segregated program impacts Continued hatchery/wild interactions
Integrated program impacts Monitor the changing fisheries & escapement composition Continued hatchery/wild interactions due to grater proportion of
spawning hatchery fish (up to 33%)
Will tribal and recreational fishers accept changes in their fisheries, due to HSRG?