Pace IT - Introduction to IPv6

Introduction to IPv6.

Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College

Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications

PC Hardware

Network Administration

IT Project Management

Network Design

User Training

IT Troubleshooting

Qualifications Summary

Education

M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University

B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University

Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger

with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues

into efficient and effective solutions.

Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse

workforces, improving processes, analyzing

business needs and creating the solutions

required— with a focus on technology.

– Introducing IPv6.

– IPv6 vs. IPv4.

PACE-IT.

IPv6 is the answer to the question “What do we do about running out of IPv4 addresses?”

Unlike IPv4, IPv6 will provide enough Internet Protocol (IP)

addresses for the foreseeable future. Shortly after IPv4’s creation

and implementation, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

(IANA)—the organization that is tasked with assigning routable IP

addresses—realized that the available IPv4 address space would

not be enough. The IANA then set about creating the

replacement and started work on IPv5. While working on IPv5,

however, the IANA determined that it was not going to be


sufficient for the task and scrapped IPv5 and began working

on IPv6. The IANA is confident that IPv6 will function as the

replacement for IPv4 for many decades to come.

– IPv6 works at Layer 3 of the OSI model.» Layer 3 of the OSI model is the also known as the network layer

and its major focus is logical network and host addressing. IPv6’s

job is to provide logical network and host addresses to devices.

– IPv6 is a 128-bit binary addressing scheme.» The 128 bits are grouped together in sets, with each set being

separated by a colon.

• Each set is 2 bytes long (a byte is 8 bits).

» For human readability, the binary IPv6 number is converted to

hexadecimal (base 16) with each hexadecimal number being equal

to 4 bits (which can be referred to as a “nibble” because it is half of

a byte).

• An IPv6 address is eight sets of four hexadecimal numbers with

each set separated by colons.

– There are over 340 undecillion addresses

available to IPv6.» 2128 is roughly equal to 340 x 1036.

• 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456.


– IPv6 address structure.» Every device receives two addresses.

• A locally significant address.

• A globally unique address.

– IPv6 local address structure.» The first 64 bits represent the local network and the last 64 bits

represent the host.

• The local address structure follows the Extended Unique

Identifier (EUI) format (EUI-64). The 48-bit MAC address is

padded with 16 bits to make it 64 bits in length.

– IPv6 global address structure.» The host address is always the last 64 bits.

» The network portion is actually composed of the routing prefix and

subnet.

• It follows the Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR) convention

with the number following the slash denoting the routing prefix.

• The subnet is composed of the bits between the prefix and the

EUI-64 host address.


– IPv6 notation.» The 128-bit nature of IPv6 makes it cumbersome to write out

and can take up unnecessary space. Because of this, some

rules were developed to ease the burden.

• Leading 0s in a set can be dropped.

• Any single set of consecutive 0s may be replaced by a double

colon.

– IPv6 notation example.» Original address = 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329

» Drop the leading 0s = 2001:db8:0:0:0:ff00:42:8329

» Remove sets of consecutive 0s = 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329

• Even this is still difficult for us mere mortals to remember, but

it is easier to write out and conserves on space.


While IPv6 is the more robust and versatile addressing scheme, IPv4 is not going away any time soon.

With 340*1036 possible addresses, IPv6 will allow for every

device to have multiple unique addresses and will be the

networking scheme of the future. IPv6 is actually easier to

configure than its older sibling, especially as it can auto-configure

its own addresses without the use of a Dynamic Configuration

Host Protocol (DHCP) server. However, its adaption has been

hampered by the widespread popularity of IPv4. So IPv4 still

remains in place, and network administrators will have to learn

how to work with both.


– IPv6 vs. IPv4.» While both can use DHCP, IPv6 is easier to manage without it.

• IPv6 allows devices to auto-configure their own network and host

addresses through a discovery process. DHCPv6 is only used

when very specific network configurations are required.

» While both have loopback addresses (a specific address that is

used to determine if the TCP/IP address has properly initialized),

the addresses are different.

• IPv4 uses 127.0.0.1, while IPv6 uses ::1.

» Each IPv4 device or interface receives a single address, while each

IPv6 device or interface receives two (a locally unique address and

a globally unique address).

» IPv4 has three clearly defined private IP address spaces, while

IPv6 does not have any (it actually does but they are not relevant

because of the unique local addresses that are created).

» IPv4 is 32 bits in length (232), while IPv6 is 128 bits (2128).

– The winner is:» In the long run IPv6 will win out and overcome IPv4. However, in

the meantime, IPv4 is still the most common network addressing

scheme and it will not fade away easily.


Introduction to IPv6

IPv6 is a 128-bit binary addressing scheme that is used by Layer 3 of the

OSI model to denote logical network and host addresses. It was developed

by the IANA as the replacement for IPv4 and it provides over 340

undecillion unique address combinations. It is represented in a colon

separated hexadecimal format. Each device, or interface, will receive two

addresses—a locally significant one and a globally unique one.

Topic


Summary

IPv6 is actually easier to work with and manage, partly due to the fact that

devices with IPv6 can auto-configure their IPv6 settings. While it will

eventually replace IPv4, IPv4 is still the more popular and common of the IP

addressing schemes. In the end, IPv6 will replace IPv4.

IPv6 vs. IPv4.

THANK YOU!

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Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.

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Pace IT - Introduction to IPv6

Education

Transcript of Pace IT - Introduction to IPv6