AfricaAIMS Updates

PACA Secretariat

Second PACA PPM

Entebbe, Uganda, 11-13 October 2016

What is AfricaAIMS

� One-stop information portal on aflatoxins– Aflatoxin prevalence data

– Production and trade data

– Relevant health data

– Information resources and training materials

� Fill in gap in locally-relevant, home-grown data� Fill in gap in harmonized data collection� Facilitate mapping of hotspots and support prediction

models for aflatoxin contamination patterns� Eventually inform policies and regulations, facilitate

local and cross-border trade, and improve consumer health

Steps in AfricaAIMS

1. Selection of partner institutions and signing of Memorandum of Agreement (AUC-Host)

2. Sampling and testing protocol (consistent across countries)

3. Selection of target crops4. Capacity buildling: Provision of VICAM fluorimeter

and consumables; training of laboratory personnel5. Data collection: sampling and testing; health and

trade data6. Refresher training on ARIS 2 interface7. Data upload on AfricaAIMS portal through ARIS 28. Data analysis and summarization9. Developing database [next phase]

Partner Institutions

� Chitedze Agricultural Research Station (CARS), Malawi� Plant Protection Directorate (DPV), Senegal� Nelson Mandela-African Institution of Science and

Technology (NM-AIST), Tanzania� Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition,

Makerere University, Uganda� National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), The

Gambia� National Agricultural Quarantine Services (NAQS),

Nigeria

� Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Katumani, Kenya

Selection of Target Crops

� Groundnut and maize in Malawi

� Groundnut, maize and rice in Gambia

� Groundnut, maize and rice in Senegal

� Groundnut, maize and rice in Tanzania

� Groundnut, maize and sorghum in Uganda

Sampling and Testing Protocols� Sampling involved taking 5–10 incremental

portions from each crop lot to make up the 1kg composite sample.

� Samples were taken using a sampling probe or scoop

� Sampling at farm gate, household stores and markets

� Samples transported in sterile paper bags from the sampling point to the AfricaAIMS host laboratories and stored at 4oC until analysis.

� Analysis was done using VICAM fluorimeter(LOD: <3ppb) with immunoaffinity column clean up

Representative AEZ were sampled:

Country Gambia Senegal Tanzania Uganda

Agroecological

zones sampled

Sahelian

Sudan Guinea

Sudan Sahelian

Basse et

Moyenne

Casamance

Bassin

Arachidier

Senegal

Oriental et

Haute

Casamance

Vallee du

Fleuve Senegal

Northern

highlands

Southern

lowlands

Central

lowlands

Eastern

lowlands

Kioga Planes

Lake Victoria

Crescent

North Eastern

Savannah

Grasslands

North Western

Savannah

Grasslands

Western

Savannah

Grasslands

Development of AfricaAIMS Modules

Capacity Building: Delivery of VICAM and Training

• Completed for the six

partner labs in GM, KE,

MW, SN, TZ, UG,

• In process for NAQS, NG

• 70+ lab personnel trained

on sampling and testing

• Refresher training

conducted for data upload:

GM, SN, TZ and UG

• KE, MW, NG: Q4 2016/Q1

2017

Data Collection & Upload on ARIS 2Data Gambia Senegal Tanzania Uganda

Agriculture G/nut 800 778 280 288

Maize 400 263 578 389

Sorghum#

/Rice+

300+ 261+ 0 168#

Total 1500 1302 858 845

Health √ √

Trade √ √

Sampling point

Farm gate, storage,markets

Storage,markets

Farm gate, storage

Farm gate, storage,markets

Data Analysis and Report

� ANOVA, unpaired t-test; mean separation using DMRT; Log 10 transformation for normalizing data

� Data analyses using SPSS® 17.0 (Windows version, SPSS, IL, USA).

Highlights of Results

Summary of Aflatoxin Prevalence in Key Crops, AfricaAIMS 2015/2016

Surveillance

Country Groundnut Maize Sorghum or Rice

Na

(%)b

_

Aflatoxin

(ppb)c

Percentagef Na

(%)b

_

Aflatoxin

(ppb)c

Percentagef Na

(%)b

_

Aflatoxin

(ppb)c

Percenta

gef

Rd Xe >4 >20 Rc Xd >4 >20 Rc Xd >4 >20

The

Gambia

800

(90.5)

0–

1,11

0

50.7

a

51.6 28.0 400

(69.0)

0–400 28.

4b

41.5 25.0 300

(43.3)

0–

350g

3.4g

c

9.0g 3.3g

Senegal 778

(94.1)

0–

1,10

0

97.8

a

50.4 27.0 263

(70.3)

0–390 26.

3b

37.3 16.3 261

(47.9)

0–

120g

2.5g

c

6.5g 2.3g

Tanzania 280

(80.0)

0–

7,90

0

227.

2a

43.6 21.8 578

(53.6)

0–

7,200

52.

7b

19.6 8.7 -g -g -g -g -g

Uganda 288

(70.8)

0–

720

21.5

b

51.0 16.0 389

(87.9)

0–

1,300

49.

4a

58.6 28.8 168

(80.4)

0–

840h

59.

4ha

70.

2h

57.

1h

___

Aflatoxin prevalence in key crops

by sampling time: Senegal

Aflatoxin prevalence by AEZ:

Senegal

Aflatoxin prevalence in key crops

by sampling time: The Gambia

Aflatoxin prevalence by AEZ: The

Gambia

Aflatoxin prevalence in key crops

by sampling time: Uganda

Aflatoxin prevalence by AEZ:

Uganda

Aflatoxin prevalence in key crops

by sampling time: Tanzania

Aflatoxin prevalence by AEZ:

Tanzania

Conclusion� First phase of AfricaAIMS data generated in

2015/2016 from four of six PACA pilot countries has shown that key staples, groundnut and maize, consumed across Africa are highly contaminated with aflatoxins.

� Indication that sorting of infected and damaged kernels or cobs lowers toxin levels during storage, while poor storage conditions and practices were important factors (e.g. notably sorghum in Uganda).

� Urgent need to improve storage conditions. � Good agricultural practices and adoption of novel

control technologies that span pre-harvest to post-harvest to lower toxin contamination in field and along the value chain.

Overview of Aflatoxin Actions across Africa

Database of Aflatoxin

Activities in Africa

� The PACA Secretariat has been collecting information about aflatoxin control efforts across Africa

� Database of recent projects in Africa

� Not exhaustive - The Database only includes activities that have been submitted to the Secretariat. There are additional activities that PACA would like to include

2016| Slide 24

Available online:

Interactive map on the PACA website:

2016| Slide 25

Activities in Africa

2014 2016

Activities in the database 142 226; more being added

- Africa Wide- Regional- Country

15%5%80%

13% in2%85%

2016 | Slide 26

Submit additional activities by:• Using the form on-line• Emailing the PACA Secretariat

Thank You

www.aflatoxinpartnership.org