1. PABRA Seed systems:Delivering the right product with right processes to the right usersJean Claude RubyogoPABRA Seed System Specialist[email_address]

2. DONORS GOs CIDA, SDC, USAID, BMGF, McKnight, ASARECA,KHT, SADC-FANR , AGRA ,NGO, PrivateSectorWECABREN 10 9 11 3. Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA)Member Countries (26) 4. Partnerships(e.g. PABRAs ) Complementary and efficient use of resources CIATBiophysicalSocialNARES: ManagementScientists DevelopmentPartners andPolicy makersUsers

- Priority setting,

Strategic Research,

Technology development

Technology adaptationandpolicy supportCatalyze links andpartnerships to reach users . 5. Ultimate Clients (Bean farmers)

Subsistence, incipient-commercial (99.5)

Medium y small-scale farmers

Bean Crop systems

Intercropping

Low external input use

Rely on local seed systems (farm saved, other farmersand local market )

Low purchasing power

Need HIGHLY adapted varieties

6. Bean Seed SystemsThrusts

Facilitate access to varieties into the hands of millionsfarmers across Africa (E, S, C and West)

Supportefficient production and delivery systems (public and/orprivate ) considering sustainability/quality.

Engager policy makers to solve any seed policy bottleneck

Carry action research on seed production/delivery

7. Why Research on Delivery Systems

Research on delivery processes areequally important as generation of genomics tools/Technology generation

In order to:

• Adapt the tools/process

• Test best-bet options

• Institutionalize

8. Characteristics of efficient Seed System (beans)

Provide farmers with crop varieties of their choice:

• Affordability /equity (genderand wealth responsiveness )

• timelyavailability in the farmers proximity

Access to adequate information on varieties and theiragronomic management

Reduced lap times between variety release and use by farmers

Continuous supply of new varieties and fresh quality seeds based on demand

9. Seed Systems Trends in PABRA 2003-2008

Programmatic and impact oriented seed systems

Target2.5million households but reach7.5 households

10. 2003 2013 24.0 M 7.5 M 0 a Households reached 13 a 2008 b Target and step wise REU (2003-8, 2009 - 13) Years 16.5 million From35,000,000to82,500,000 farmers/families 11. How crop breeding/pollinationpattern affect the seed demands for regular fresh seeds CropBreeding pattern /propagationVariety deteriorationLoss of desirable traitsCarry over diseasesCommercial interestMaize HybridHighEasy with recessive genesLowHighMaizeOpen pollinated varietiesMediumLowLowMediumBeansSelf pollinatedLowLowMediumMediumCassavaVegetativeLowLowHighLow 12. 1 2 3 4 Certified seeds(large and small packs) usingmarket and non market channels Farmers Quality seeds by local seed producers (individual or groups supported by Development partners (GOs, NGOs-CBOs etc) Basic Seed2(Private Seed producers) Basic seeds1 (NARS/Private sector ) Breeder seeds(NARS)Farmers 5 Traders Integrated Seed System for wider impact 13. Bean Seed Production Approaches 14. Productionapproaches (PA) : (1) Farmer basedproduction of accepted quality seed

• Supported by NGOs/GOs

• Production of seeds - dual purpose (grain/seeds)

• Focus on local market

• Variety injected in local to increase bean germplasm

• Injection of new varieties or fresh seeds is always facilitated

• It deepens local impact seeds can move far with traders

• Reliable quality ( social certification)

15. PA: (2)Quality Declared Seed (QDS) Production(TZ)

In collaboration with extension staff

• Minimum inspection supported by district

• Sometimes bureaucratic limitations:

• • lack of funds

• • transport means

• • time availability

Can farmers sustain the cost of minimum inspections? Does inspection pay off? 16. PA :(4) commercial seed production under certification

• Business orientation

• Adequate seed production and marketing infrastructure

• Focus on big (relief) market from GOs/GOs

• Possibility ofseed adulteration

• Limited local use of varieties

• Injection of new varieties or fresh seeds/breeder in big volume not easy

• No seed marketing problem-good linkages

• Able to withstand seed business uncertainty

17. Seed Marketing Approaches 18. MA :(1 )Encourage farmer to farmer seed exchange

Partnering with selectedinstrumental target groups (community based seed bulkers) who share the harvested seeds with their neighbors

Elements of seed quality traceability through social certification

19. MA: (2) Open Market (grain-seeds )

Some traders stock and sell preferred varieties

Sometimes -grain market may supply inadequate quality seeds

Many traders lack knowledge on seed and varieties

20. MA: (3)Seed Marketing

Local Agro-input suppliers linking to small scale producers

• Customer oriented seed packs/sale local market

• e.g. small packs or

• Scoopfrom the gaps

21. MA :(4) Empowering small seed entrepreneurs (SHT)

Small seed entrepreneurs (own production/contract) marketing small packs in SHTand sell throughAgricultural shows

22. MA : (4)Large/commercial seed suppliers

Donor oriented packs- limiting small seed accessibility

Innovative small packs in some areas

Give equal to all farmersparticulary women

70 g10Ksh($ 0.13) 400g50ksh($ 0.62 23. MA : (5) Engaging large scale able seed privatesuppliers

e.g. in 2010 Demeter seed company in Malawi close to400 Tthrough MG TIP(about 230,000 households)-

24. Information/skills and knowledge

Farmers need more than brochures seeing is believing Demos/field dayson grain legumes are rare

25. Improved awareness/information tools :Decentralized field days

Photo of decentralized facilitated by local partner organization

e.Nicholas Odanga takes a section of farmers round his KAT B9/Maize farm during field day in Kenya

26. Support the use of complementary inputs to increase bean productivity 27. Climbing Bean: 71% Increase 28. Research Results on staking Techniques

Effects of different staking techniques on yield(kg/ha) of different climbing beansvarieties2009-2010 (ISABU-SN)

non significant differences between the use of wood and strings stakes Staking techniquesVunikingiAND 610 G13607 Woods2916 2266 3906 Strings (sisal)3100 2266 4272 29. Bean yield (kg/ha) of different bean varieties in Southern Ethiopia using ICM (Unit Plot SIZE 100 m 2 ) in 2010 VarietyMaximum yield (kg/ha)Minimum (kg/ha)Average (n=45)Hawassa Dume46001300 2770 Nassir3400 1200 2080 Dimtu3000 900 1728 Ibado2800 900 1557 Omo 95 2500 700 1471 30. Seed System -Monitoring + Evaluation:Variables for Compare/Contrast Costto implem. Cost to enduser Scale Speed Type of farmer reached Acc. Info. Marketing Farmer to farmerCBSS/Farmers Small packs through agro-input suppliersSmall packs through health/Nutrition Clinics Womens Groups 31. Seed Quality Assessment : Result at farm levelSorted Seeds vs. Non Seed (n=91) 32. Continuous seed quality assessment Farmers seed in Kenya 2010

Germination: 86.70%

Vigor : 84.19 % (very good vigor)

33. ISTA Lab Results(200 g randomly sampled) 34. Seed sorting(usual farmer practice) Farmer sorting seeds 35. M+E monitoring the reach e.g. Kenya NSWP 36. Small pack purchase by gender LELDET Company CRV/Western Kenya: August-November2009

15890 Customers

9,027(56.81%) were female buying