P3 BPP Summary Slides Awesome
Transcript of P3 BPP Summary Slides Awesome
ACCA Paper P3 – Business Analysis
Course slides
For exams in
June 2010
Slide 2
Syllabus
A Strategic position
B Strategic choices
C Strategic action
D Business process change
E Information technology
F Quality issues
G Project management
H Financial analysis
I People
Slide 3
Examiner & format of the exam
Examiner: Steve Skidmore
Examiner: Steve Skidmore
Format of the Exam Marks
Section A Compulsory case study; in several parts
(Can be based on any area of the syllabus; not limited to Sections A-C)
50
Section B Choose two out of three questions (25 marks each)
50
Total 100
Three hour exam + 15 minutes reading time
The June 2009 exam
Topics examined in the June 2009 exam
Question 1 SWOT analysis; strategy evaluation and choice; process deficiencies and recommendations to rectify
Question 2 Reasons for success/failure; leadership styles; franchising
Question 3 Using financial information; implications of failing to follow proper evaluating procedures
Question 4 Management reward schemes; DMAIC methodology
The December 2008 exam
Topics examined in the December 2008 exam
Question 1 Environmental analysis (PESTEL); organisational culture; strategic lenses
Question 2 Rationales for acquisitions, appropriateness of a proposed acquisition
Question 3 Software testing; project management and dealing with slippage
Question 4 Reward management schemes – assessing deficiencies and limitations in proposed schemes
The December 2008 exam is included as Mock Exam 3 in the 2009 BPP
Learning Media Practice and Revision kit
The June 2008 exam
Topics examined in the June 2008 exam
Question 1 Environmental analysis; strategic choices; reward management
Question 2 Business process change and outsourcing
Question 3 E-marketing and its impact on the extended marketing mix
Question 4 Strategic change and the organizational context of change
Slide 7
The December 2007 exam
Topics examined in the December 2007 exam
Question 1 Corporate appraisal; evaluation of strategic options
Question 2 Project management
Question 3 Value chains and supply chain analysis
Question 4 Quality issues and Six Sigma
Slide 8
The BPP Learning Media classroom slides
What do these slides cover?– A selection of key areas of the syllabus
Using the slides – Use the slides as a point of reference– Add detail by talking around the slides (eg
using material from the corresponding Study Text chapter)
– Consider adding slides yourself to suit your course
– Recommend students attempt appropriate questions from the Practice & Revision Kit
Chapter 1
Business strategy
Study Text Chapter 1
Slide 10
What is P3 about?
Slide 11
Mission and objectives
Vision
Mission
Goals and objectives
Slide 12
Objective setting
Mission
Horizontal consistency
Time consistency
Corporate
Business
Operational
Individual
Vertical consistency
Slide 13
The Rational Model
MISSION &OBJECTIVES
CORPORATEAPPRAISAL
STRATEGICOPTIONS
STRATEGICCHOICE
STRATEGICIMPLEMENT
STRATEGICCONTROL
ENVIRONMENTANALYSIS
POSITIONAUDIT
Position
Choice
Action
Strategy lenses
Experience
Design
Ideas
Examined 12/08
Slide 15
Mintzberg’s Emergent strategies
Intended strategy
Unrealised strategy
Deliberate strategy
Emergent strategy
Realised strategy
Chapter 2
Environmental issues
Study Text Chapter 2
Slide 17
P L
S T
Competition
Market
FirmSupply Chain
The Environment
E E
Examined 12/08
Slide 18
International environment & drivers for change
GlobalStrategies
Global MarketConvergence
Global Competition
GovernmentInfluences
Cost Advantages
Slide 19
Firm strategy, Structure and Rivalry
Related and supporting industries
Demand conditions
Porter’s Diamond
Factor conditions
Slide 20
Porter’s 5 Forces
Suppliers
Potentialentrants
BuyersCompetition and rivalry
Substitutes
Examined 6/08
Slide 21
Question practice – end of Chapter 2
Q1
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q3 Q5
Chapter 3
Competitors and customers
Study Text Chapter 3
Slide 23
Marketing Concept
-Establish needs (mkt research)
- Develop appropriate product (R&D)
Profit through customer
Stress ability of product to satisfy
Feedback
Slide 24
Marketing mix
• Product
• Price
• Place
• Promotion
4 P’s
• People
• Processes
• Physical evidence
Examined 6/08
Slide 25
Market segmentation
Segmentation
Targeting
Positioning
Slide 26
Market targeting
Firm Market4 P’s
Undifferentiated
Slide 27
Market targeting
Firm
Differentiated
Market
Market
Market
4 P’s
4 P’s
4 P’s
Slide 28
Market targeting
Concentrated
Firm Market
Market
Market
4 P’s
Slide 29
Product Positioning
High price
High quality
Low price
Low quality
Premium brands
Bargain brandsEconomy brands
Cowboy brands
Slide 30
Customer profitability analysis (CPA)
Customer A Customer B
No of Tubes 6,500 @ £21.25 10,000@ £20
Revenue (after discount)
138,125 200,000
Transport (22,750)
Admin (2,600) (2,000)
Profit 112,775 198,000
Margin 81.6% 99.0%
Slide 31
Question practice – end of Chapter 3
Q9
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q10 Q11
Chapter 4
Strategic capability
Study Text Chapter 4
Slide 33
Organisation’s resources
• Machinery
• Make-up
• Management
• Management information
• Markets
M’s model
• Materials
• Men and women
• Methods
• Money
Slide 34
Qualities of strategic capabilities
• Valuable to buyer (customer)
• Rarity
• Robustness (difficult for competitors to imitate)
• Non-substitutability
Slide 35
What is knowledge?
Information
Data
Knowledge
Sales Day Book
Sales Ledger
Key contact
Slide 36
Knowledge management
Intuition / experiment
Conflicting views
TacitKnowledge
Learning organisation
Explicit –Externalisation
Shared –socialisation
Slide 37
InboundLogistics
Operations OutboundLogistics
Marketing& Sales
Service
Primary Activities
Procurement
Human Resource Management
Technology Development
Firm Infrastructure Support Activities
Value ChainS
upp
ort
Act
iviti
es
Primary Activities
Examined 12/07
Slide 38
Product Life Cycle
$
Time
Sales
Profit; cashflow
Intro Growth Mature Decline
- ve
+ ve
0
Examined 6/08
Slide 39
INTERNAL : RELATIVE TO COMPETITION
WEAKNESSESSTRENGTHS
EXTERNAL: PRESENT TO ALL INDUSTRY MEMBERS
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
SWOT Analysis Examined 12/07; 06/09
Slide 40
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
WT Strategies
WO StrategiesSO Strategies
ST Strategies
TOWS Approach
OPP’S
THREATS
Slide 41
Question practice – end of Chapter 4
Q4
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q12 Q13 (a) Q2
Chapter 5
Stakeholders, ethics and culture
Study Text Chapter 5
Slide 43
Stakeholders
• Internal
• Connected
• External
Slide 44
Mendelow’s Matrix
Interest
Power
Low
Low
High
High
Minimal Effort Keep Informed
Keep Satisfied Key Players
Slide 45
Governance systems
• Anglo-Saxon model
• Rhine model
• Latin model
• Japanese model
Slide 46
Classification of organisational cultures
• Power culture
• Role culture
• Task culture
• Existential culture
Slide 47
Cultural web
Org’nstructure
Symbols & Titles
Controlsystems
Rituals & routines
Myths & stories
Organisational Assumptions
(The Paradigm)
Power relations
Examined 12/08
Slide 48
Culture, the environment and strategy
Slide 49
Question practice – end of Chapter 5
Q6
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q7
The cultural web was examined in Part (b) of Question 1 from the 12/08 exam, which forms Mock Exam 3 in the Kit
Chapter 6
Strategic options
Study Text Chapter 6
Slide 51
Globalisation and international diversification
5 Stages of evolution:
• Exporting
• Overseas branches
• Overseas production
• Insideration (polycentric)
• Global company (geocentric)
Slide 52
Ohmae - 5 C’s
5 reasons for going global:
• Customer
• Company
• Competition
• Currency
• Country
Slide 53
Market selection
Source: Kotler
Slide 54
Corporate Parent
3 value-creating roles:
• Envisioning corporate intent
• Intervention to improve performance
• Provision of services, resources and expertise
Portfolio managers
Synergy managers
Parental developers
Examined 12/08
Slide 55
Portfolio Analysis- BCG Matrix
Relative Market Share
Mar
ket o
r In
dust
ry
Gro
wth
Rat
eH
igh
HighL
owLow
StarQuestion Mark or Problem Child
Cash Cow Dog
Examined 12/08
Slide 56
Reaching objectives
ABC Ltd ABC Ltd
2007
Where are we now? Where do we want to be?
2012
$10 m $50 m
Slide 57
Generic strategies
Strategic direction
Methods of growth
Strategic Options – steps to follow
Slide 58
Generic strategies
Direction of growth
Methods of growth
Strategic Options – step 1
Slide 59
Cost leader
DifferentiatorStuck in middle
Porter’s Generic Strategies
Low CostLow Cost High CostHigh Cost
Low PriceLow Price
High PriceHigh Price
High CostHigh Cost
Low PriceLow Price
High ProfitHigh Profit
High ProfitHigh ProfitLow ProfitLow Profit
Examined 12/07
Slide 60
Basis of Competitive Advantage
SCOPE
COMPETITIVE BASIS
Broad
Narrow
Cost Leadership
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Differentiation Focus
Low cost Differentiate
Slide 61
Strategy Clock Examined 12/07
Slide 62
Basis of competition
Direction of growth
Methods of growth
Strategic Options – step 2
Slide 63
Ansoff’s Matrix
MARKET
PRODUCT
Present
New
•Withdrawal
•Consolidation
•Penetration
Product Development
Market Development
Diversification
• Related
• Unrelated
Present New
Slide 64
Diversification
Firm
Backward vertical
Forward vertical
HorizontalConglomerates
Examined 12/08
Slide 65
Basis of competition
Direction of growth
Methods of growth
Strategic Options – step 3
Slide 66
Acquisition
B plc A plc
A plc
Slide 67
Merger
B plc A plc
AB plc
Slide 68
Other strategies
• Withdrawal
but consider exit barriers?
• Divestment
• Demerger
• Privatisation
Examined 6/08
Slide 69
Evaluating Strategic Options
Suitability
Acceptability
Feasibility
Examined 6/09
Slide 70
Question practice – end of Chapter 6
Q19
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q20
Q37(b)
Q14
Q39(a)
Chapter 7
Organising for success
Study Text Chapter 7
Slide 72
Types of structure
7 basic structural types:
• Functional
• Multi-divisional
• Holding company
• Matrix
• Transnational
• Team
• Project
Slide 73
Matrix structure
Area Manager A
Area Manager B
Area Manager C
Production Dept
Sales Dept
Finance Dept
Distribution Dept
R & D Dept
Marketing Dept
Slide 74
Types of control process
Input Output
Direct Supervision
Planning processes
Performance targets
Balanced scorecard
Indirect Cultural processes
Self-control
Internal markets
Slide 75
Balanced scorecard - financial
Financial perspective
Goals Measures
Survive Cash flow
Succeed
Prosper
Sales growth
Increase EPS/dividends
Slide 76
Balanced scorecard- customer
Customer perspective
Goals Measures
Preferred supplier
Customer rating
Fastest supplier
Low bad debts
Orders delivered on time
% provision of sales ledger
Slide 77
Balanced scorecard – innovation & learning
Innovation & learning perspective
Goals Measures
Excellence Rework/reject rates
Market leader
Time to market
Product rating v competitors
Time taken from R&D to sales
Slide 78
Balanced scorecard – internal
Internal business perspective
Goals Measures
New technology
No. of patents registered
Staff competence
Technology transfer
No. of training courses attended
Inter-company learning rates
Slide 79
Value system and networks
Supplier Company Distributor
Customer
Customer
Supply chain mgmtCRM
Examined 12/07
Slide 80
Virtual Organisations
Core Company
(Management,
Key employees)
Specialist
Services
Specialist
Services
Links to
customers
Links to
suppliers
Slide 81
Organisational configuration
Strategic Apex
Operating Core
Techno Structure
Support StaffMiddle Line
Strategy
Tactics
Operations
Control
Slide 82
Question practice – end of Chapter 7
Q13
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q18 (a)
Chapter 8
Business processes
Study Text Chapter 8
Slide 84
Process improvement projects
ImprovementImprovement
RedesignRedesignReengineeringReengineeringImprovementImprovement
Slide 85
ERP Systems
ENTREPRISE SYSTEM
Manufacturing
Finance
Sales and Marketing
HR
Accounting
Suppliers Customers
Slide 86
InboundLogistics
Operations OutboundLogistics
Marketing& Sales
Service
Primary Activities
Procurement
Human Resource Management
Technology Development
Firm Infrastructure Support Activities
Value Chain
Slide 87
•JIT;•MRPII;
•DSS;•MRP II;•Robots
•GPS;•Route planning;•Sales order processing
•Websites &e-commerce•Interactive screens
•TrackingDiagnostics
EDI, Extranets, JIT procurement
CBT, Expert systems, Computerised payroll
CAD, CIM, Simulations, Prototyping
EIS, Groupware, Teleworking, Intranets
Processes and value chain
Slide 88
Process-strategy matrix
Strategic importance
Complexity
High
Low
Low
High
Outsource Improve
Automate/
outsourceAutomate
Examined 6/08
Slide 89
Process redesign methodology
Problem Identification
Planning
Redesign
Transition
Analysis
Development
Initial Feasibility
Slide 90
Question practice – end of Chapter 8
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q21 Q12 (a) Q22
Chapter 9
Improving processes
Study Text Chapter 9
Slide 92
Process redesign
4 basic redesign patterns (Harmon):
• Re-engineering
• Simplification
• Value-added analysis
• Gaps and disconnects
Slide 93
Establishing software requirements
7 techniques for fact gathering:
• Interviews
• Questionnaires
• Written questions
• Observation
• Protocol analysis
• Workshops
• Prototyping
Slide 94
Question practice – end of Chapter 9
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q17
Chapter 10
E-business
Study Text Chapter 10
Slide 96
Benefits of e-business
• Cost reduction
• Capability
• Communication
• Control
• Customer service
• Competitive advantage
Slide 97
Adopting e-business
e-HRWeb-conferencing
e-collaboratione-invoicing
e-procurementDocument management
Web portalsCompany intranet
Email, Internet, company website, remote working
Initial capability
Mature capability
Slide 98
Business Consumer
B2B
Varieties of e-commerce
Business
Consumer
Exc
han
ge
init
iate
d b
y
Delivery by
C2B
eg Priceline.com
C2C
eg eBay.com
B2C
eg Amazon.com
Slide 99
Market place channel structures
• Disintermediation
• Reintermediation
• Countermediation
Direct Intermediaries
Business
Customer
Slide 100
Supply chain management
CustomerSupplier Manufacturer Distributor Outlet
Capacity, inventory levels, delivery schedules,
payment terms
Orders, return requestsRepair and service requests,
payments
Examined 12/07
Slide 101
Strategy for e-commerce
Suitability
Acceptability
Feasibility
Slide 102
Question practice – end of Chapter 10
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q23 Q24
Chapter 11
E-marketing
Study Text Chapter 11
Slide 104
Marketing strategy
Situation analysis
Control
E- marketing
Actions
Tactics
Strategies
Objectives
Slide 105
6 I’s
Independence
Industry
E-marketing
Integration
Interactivity
Individualisation
Intelligence
Examined 6/08
Slide 106
7 P’s
Product (customer value)
Place (customer
convenience)
E-marketing
People
Processes
Promotion (customer
communication)
Price (customer cost)
Physical evidence
Examined 6/08
Slide 107
CRM
Acquisition ExtensionRetention
Slide 108
CRM Systems
Sales•Phone•Web•Retail
Marketing•Campaigns
•Data analysis
Service•Call centre
•Web self-service info•Field Service data
•Unified view•Consistent message
•Long-term relationships
Slide 109
CRM software
Managementreporting
E-marketing
Marketing automation
Service management
Sales automation
Slide 110
Question practice – end of Chapter 11
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key question from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q28
Chapter 12
Quality
Study Text Chapter 12
Slide 112
Terminology
• Quality
• Quality management system
• Quality control
• Quality assurance
Examined 12/07
Slide 113
Quality in IS
• Functionality
• Reliability
• Usability
• Build (flexibility, portability, ease of maintenance)
Slide 114
V model
Acceptance test plan
System test plan
Integration test plan
Test cases
Code
Spec &
DesignTesting
Examined 12/08
Slide 115
CMMI – five levels
5. Optimisation
4. Consistent management
3. Define standard processes
2. Repeatable success
1. Initial capability
Slide 116
Six Sigma
Organisation 6 Sigma
Qualitytools
DMAIC
Concepts
Examined 12/07
Slide 117
Question practice – end of Chapter 12
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q25 Q27 Q26
Chapter 13
Project management
Study Text Chapter 13
Slide 119
Project management
Resources
RiskTime
Examined 12/07
Slide 120
The Project Lifecycle
Project Definition
Project Design
Projectdelivery
Projectdevelopment
Examined 12/07
4 stage project lifecycle (Maylor)
Slide 121
The Project Lifecycle
Resources
Time
Initiation
PlanningExecutiong
Control
Completion
Slide 122
The Project Lifecycles differ…..
Resources
Time
InitiationPlanning
Execution
Control
Completion
Slide 123
Gantt Charts
As at the end of week 10 Activity Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
1 Order computer/arrange finance
2 Agree delivery dates
3 Select site
4 Plan and prepare site
5 Prepare for delivery
6 Install computer
7 Engineers’ acceptance tests
8 Operational tests
9 Plan and prepare permanent staff
work areas and accommodation
Current time line
------------------------------------------------------------------
Slide 124
00
1
32
33
54 115 256
32732
C
2
B3
D
6A3
E
14F
7
251153
5
Critical path analysis
32 day project that only has buffer time in activity B
Slide 125
Examined 12/08Dealing with slippage
• Add resources- Potential impact on cost?
• Work smarter
• Reschedule – in full or in part
• Change scope / specification- Potential impact on quality?
• Introduce incentives
Slide 126
Question practice – end of Chapter 13
Q18 (b)
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q30 Q31
Chapter 14
Finance
Study Text Chapter 14
Slide 128
Finance and strategy
Finance
Shareholder expectations
Funding
Managing for value
Slide 129
Financial analysis and strategy
ImplementationFinancialanalysis
Strategic Choice
Strategicanalysis
Mission
Slide 130
Financial analysis - ratios
• Profitability
• Liquidity
• Gearing
• Shareholders’ investment
Chapter 15
Leadership, performance and
reward
Study Text Chapter 15
Slide 132
Leadership
“If you want to know if you are a leader…look behind you.
If there is no one there you are not a leader…….”
Anon
Slide 133
Strategic HRM
Human ResourcePlanning
Recruitment &Selection
PerformanceManagement &Development
HR Environment
Slide 134
Human Resource Planning
Supply Demand
Heads
Skills
Experience
Age
Aspirations
Natural Wastage
New skillsNew attitudeGrowth/contractionNew Technology
STRATEGY
Slide 135
The HR cycle
Selection Performance
HR Dev’t
Appraisal
Rewards
Examined 6/08
Slide 136
Reward management
Reward objectives Reward options
Examined 12/08; 06/09
• Recruitment & retention
• Motivation
• Compliance with rules and expectations
• Base pay
• Performance pay
• Indirect pay
Slide 137
Question practice – end of Chapter 15
Q34
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q47(c) Q35
Chapter 16
Job design and staff development
Study Text Chapter 16
Slide 139
The HR cycle
Selection Performance
HR Dev’t
Appraisal
Rewards
Slide 140
Job design
4 approaches:
• Scientific management
• Job enrichment
• Japanese model
• Re-engineering
Slide 141
Human resource development (HRD)
Training = an investment in strategic capability
• Competitive advantage through upgraded skills
• Employee loyalty
• Contribution to success of strategy and operations
Chapter 17
Managing strategic change
Study Text Chapter 17
Slide 143
Types of changeN
atu
re
of
chan
ge
Scope of change
Incremental
Big bang
Adaptation Evolution
Reconstruction Revolution
Realignment Transformation
Examined 6/08
Slide 144
Context of change
Scope & nature of change
Examined 6/08
Power
Readiness
Capacity Capability
Diversity
Preservation
Time
Change programme
Scope & Nature of change
Scope & Nature of change
Slide 145
Force field Analysis – Lewin
Current State
Ideal State
Driving Forces
Restraining Forces
Need to improve
Running costs
Improved Quality
Greater Motivation
Sufficient
Complexity
Divisive
Trade Union
Slide 146
Overcoming resistance
Consider:
• Pace
• Manner
• Scope
• Communication
• Consultation
• Counselling
Slide 147
Styles of change management
•Education and communication
•Collaboration / participation
•Intervention
•Direction
•Coercion / edict
Incremental
Transformational
Slide 148
Approaches to strategic leadership
Control
Change
Expertise
Human assets
Strategy
Examined 6/09
Slide 149
Change management levers
• Challenging the paradigm
• Changing routines
• Use of symbolic processes
• Political activity and use of power structures
• Communication and monitoring
• Tactics (exploration of quick wins; care over announcing bad news)
Slide 150
Question practice – end of Chapter 17
Q32
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
You should now be able to attempt the following key questions from the BPP Learning Media Practice and Revision Kit:
Q38 (c) Q36 Q33
Chapter 18
Strategic development
Study Text Chapter 18
Slide 152
Intention, emergence and realisation
Emergent strategy
Intended strategy
Realised strategy
Unrealised strategy
Slide 153
Uncertainty and complexity
•Scenario planning•Logical incrementalism•Learning organisation
•Decentralisation•Specialisation•Experience
•Learning
Decentralisation and specialisation
Historical analysis and forecasting
Environmental conditions
Complex
Dynamic
SimpleStatic
Slide 154
Bringing it all together…