P14417: B9 Plastics - Particle Filter System Design
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Transcript of P14417: B9 Plastics - Particle Filter System Design
P14417: B9 Plastics - Particle FilterSystem Design
Dan Anderson / Thomas Heberle / Perry Hosmer / Karina Roundtree / Kelly Stover
October 1, 2013
Agenda• Recap: Background Info. & Requirements• System Analysis
– Functional Decomposition– Concept Analysis
• Concept Selection– System Architecture– Engineering Analysis– Risk Assessment– Test Plan
• Next Steps
Background Information & Requirements
Problem Statement
Current State:
• In order to use the Better Water Maker (BWM) users must first pour the water through a cloth before being treated.
Desired State:
• The device should clear particles from water to allow the BWM to operate more effectively.
• The device should be simple to use and operable by both women and children.Project Goals:
• Analyze the design selected by P13418
• Improve the effectiveness of the Better Water MakerNotable Constraints:
• Must be usable by both women and children
• Only locally available materials may be consumed
• Must not negatively impact the smell and taste of water
Customer Requirements Rev. 3 9/6/13Rank: 9 high,3 med,1 low
Category Customer Req. # Importance Description Comment/Status
Constraints CR1 3 Flow rate must be at least 1 lpm
Ease of Use CR2 9 Easy to Clean/Recharge Ease of Use CR3 3 Lightweight for transport. Ease of Use CR4 3 Has a minimal start-up period. Ease of Use CR5 9 Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.) Economics CR6 9 Filter is Inexpensive Economics CR7 9 Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement
Economics CR8 9 Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.)
Functionality CR9 9 Improves UV Transmission Functionality CR10 9 Removes Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids) Functionality CR11 3 Does not negatively affect the taste of the water Safety CR12 9 Safe to use. (No hazardous releases)
Engineering RequirementsRev. 3 9/6/13
Category Customer Requirement Function Metrics Direction Units Marginal Target
ConstraintsFlowrate Meet flow rate constraint
Amt of water per min. ^ lpm (Liters per Minute) 1 2Ease of Use Easy to Clean/Recharge Easy to prepare for use Time to clean v Minutes 10 5Ease of Use Lightweight for transport. Minimize weight of filter Weight in LBs v LBs (Pounds) 10 5Ease of Use Has a minimal start-up period. Minimize start-up Time to begin filtering v s (seconds) 30 10
Ease of Use Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.) Doesn't need power source Binary (Yes/No) - - - No
Economics Filter is Inexpensive Minimize cost of filter Total cost to produce v $ (dollars) 25 20
Economics Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement Maximize durability of filter Mean Time To Failure ^ hrs (hours) 365 912.5
Economics Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.) Minimize cost to maintain Annual cost to operate v $ (dollars) 2 0
FunctionalityRemoves Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids), improves UV TRANSMISSION Turbidity is decreased Binary (Yes/No) - - - Yes
FunctionalityRemoves Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids), improves UV TRANSMISSION total suspended solids decreased
amt of total suspended solids v mg/L (milligrams per liter) 20 0
Functionality Does not negatively affect the taste of the water No negative taste of waterPercent of people who say water tastes bad - % 5 0
Safety Safe to use. (No hazardous releases) Doesn't produce hazardous release Binary (Yes/No) - - - No
House of Quality Engineering Requirements
Needs Priority
Turbidity is decreased
Total suspended solids decreased
Minimize cost of filter
Maximize durability of filter
Minimize cost to maintain
No negative taste of water
Doesn't produce hazardous release
Meet flowrate constraint
Easy to prepare for use
Minimize weight of filter
Minimize start-up
Doesn't need power source
Flowrate must be at least 1 lpm 3 x Easy to Clean/Recharge 9 x Lightweight for transport. 3 x x Has a minimal start-up period. 3 x Operates using energy available naturally (gravity, human power, etc.) 9 x x
Filter is Inexpensive 9 x Usable by a family of 5, for 2-5 years w/out full replacement 9 x Requires no consumables for operation, except for very cheap & locally available materials (salt, soap, sand, etc.) 9
x x
Improves UV Transmission 9 x x Removes Particles (turbidity/total suspended solids) 9 x x Does not negatively affect the taste of the water 3 x
Safe to use. (No hazardous releases) 9 x
Measure Binary
(Yes/No)
mg/L (millig
rams per
liter)
$ (dollars)
hrs (hou
rs)
$ (dollars
) %Binary
(Yes/No)
lpm (Liters
per Minute
)Minut
es
LBs (Poun
ds)
s (secon
ds)
Binary (Yes/N
o)
Sum of (Priority) 18 18 12 9 9 3 9 3 18 3 12 9
System Analysis
Functional Decomposition
Remove UV absorbing particles
from water
Clean / recharge
filterAccess water
Collect water
Introduce water and
filter
Separate water and particles
Generate different
forces on the particles and
the water
Convert energy to work to separate particles
Isolate and contain
filtered water
Restrict cross-
contamination (barrier)
Clean / recharge
filter
Morphological AnalysisClean / recharge filter
Rinse with “clean” water
Brush Soap
Collect water Bucket Gerry can Bag CanteenIntroduce water and filter
Pour / push water through filter
Push filter through water
Pull filter from bottom of water
Generate different forces on particles and water
“French-press”
Chemical process (large particles stick together and sink)
“Colander” style
Mesh filter at top
Pump (pull water from source, push through spigot)
Centrifuge
Magnet draws filter through water to adjust diameter
Vortex pushes particles down, pump clean water out
Energy to separate
Gravitational Electromagnetic
Electrical Human Power
Mechanical
Chemical
Restrict Cross-contamination
Filter is barrier
Physically move water to different container
Scoop out particles
Concept Generation
Pugh AnalysisCriteria French
PressLid with Diffuser
Spring Aided French Press
MagNet Pump Chemical
Treatment Colander Centrifuge
Adjustable Datum + + + + + + +
Cheap Production Datum S - - - - + -
Durability Datum + S + + S + +
Ease of Use Datum + + - + + + -
Flow rate Datum - S S + - - -
Weight Datum + S - - + + -
Size Datum + S + - + + +
Easy to clean Datum - - S - + S -
Cross-contamination
Datum + S S + + + +
Hazard Datum + S S - - s S
Easy to repair Datum S - - - + - -
Replacement parts Datum S - - - - S S
Transportation Datum + S + S + + S
MagNet
• Pros– Adjustable diameter– Reduced user
intervention– Self Aligning
• Cons– Expensive– Difficult to repair
Springs
• Proso Good flow rate
• Conso Complexo Bulky
Colander
• Pros– Simple– Large mesh area
• Cons– Not as durable as other
ideas
Lid
• Proso Easy to useo Compacto Simple
• Conso Lift water to pour
ino Have to take apart
to clean
Selected Concept!
System Architecture
Diffuser Plate
Mesh Filter(s)
FastenersVertical
Positioning Device
Engineering Analysis
• Diffuser Plate– Thickness– Necessary hole size
• Mesh Filter(s)– Mesh size– Flow rate– Multiple filters
• Fasteners– Easily disassembled for
cleaning
• Vertical Positioning Device– Volume of water to be
filtered• Materials• Contents of water• Amount of water to be
filtered at a time
Risk AssessmentID Risk Item Effect Cause Liklihoo
dSeverity
Importance
Mitigation
1 Concentration of Stress
Damage to filter within 2 years
Repeated use of filter
2 3 6Spread load about the edge of filter
2 Leakage
UV Absorbing particles reach "cleaned" water
Not a tight seal
1 1 1
Use rubber gasket, clamped down tightly
Stress on clamp /fastener
3 2 6Calculate necessary force rating
3 Filter may be too tall
Not enough room for "clean" water
Planning issues, imprecise calculations
1 1 1
Calculate necessary height ASAP, test for fill amount
Risk AssessmentID Risk
Item Effect Cause Liklihood
Severity
Importance
Mitigation
4 Corrosion
Water tastes bad, equipment fails
Improper cleaning, interaction of materials with water
1 3 3
Use materials which won't corrode, provided clear cleaning instruction
5
Flow rate does not meet requirement
Not meeting customer needs
Insufficient area of filter/diffuser, filter isn't porous enough
2 3 6
Increase surface area of filter, find more porous materials
6 Cleaning is difficult
Users may not clean properly or often enough
Difficult to take apart, reassemble
3 3 9
Supply cleaning instruction, minimize number of parts, minimize disassembly/assembly time, visual cues
Risk AssessmentID Risk
Item Effect Cause Liklihood Severity
Importance
Mitigation
7
Costs more that $25/unit
Product may not be used
Materials selection, construction
3 3 9 Design to be low cost
8 Weight is too much
Too heavy for women and children
Materials selection 1 3 3
Ergonomic study, design to allow women and children to use
9 Incorrect usage
Filter could break, water not cleaned
Not intuitive, poor instructions
1 3 3
Use visuals whenever possible, minimize text, poka-yoke
10
Stability issues with bucket
Bucket tips, breaks, etc
Poor structural design, unlevel surface
2 1 2
Proper attachments, Instructions include level
Test Plan
• Mesh Layers (Flow rate)o Compensate for water build up
• Diffuser Plateo Force of water
• Fastening Equipmento Stress Test
• Lip Levelo Forces due to weight of water
• Handleso Structural integrity
Next Steps
Milestones Ahead
Subsystem Design ReviewPresent & Demonstrate POC 10/24/2013
Proof of ConceptAnalysis, Simulations & Prototyping of Critical Subsystems. 10/20/2013
Next Level DecompositionIdentify Subsystems & Determine Specs. 10/12/2013
Critical Subsystems & InterfacesDemonstrate feasibility in greater detail. 10/8/2013
Looking Forward
• Immediate Next Stepso Use feedback from SDR to revisit areas as necessaryo Engineering Analysis Taskso Determine specific methods/equations for test plan.o Identify Critical Subsystems & associated
Specifications
Questions / Comments