P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
-
Upload
anonymous-88kxqk -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
1/33
Temperature, Heat, ExpansioBy: Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
2/33
TEMPERATURE
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
3/33
Is temperature
the same as
heat?
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
4/33
Temperature
The quantity that indicates how wacold an object is with respect to so
standard (Hewitt)
Celsius (centigrade), Kelvin, FahrenRankine
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
5/33
Thermometers
http://cutebabygear.net/wp-
content/uploads/2011/07/1310868853-84.jpg
The colored contracts and e
dependingtempe
Thermal Equi
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
6/33
Mercury Thermometers
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
a1EdNIFVYEI/TWU090eyXXI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/NHIeBKBKZ1c/s1600/ThermometerMercu
Its phased out
because of the
danger of
mercurypoisoning.
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
7/33
Kelvin Scale
Calibrated using gas & JosephGay-Lussacs Law (not freezingand boiling points of water).
0 kelvin (-273.15C) =
absolute zero, substance hasno KE to give up. (oscillations =slowest; NOT zero)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvi
/250px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpgQuantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
8/33
Kelvin S
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvi
/250px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpgQuantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
Figure courtesy
of University
Physics with
Modern Physics
by Young
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
9/33
William Thomson, 1st Baron K
Baron Kelvin of Largs
House of Lords (UK Parliament)
River Kelvin close to his
laboratory (Scotland)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Lord_Kelvi
/250px-Lord_Kelvin_photograph.jpgQuantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
10/33
Kinetic energy & Tempe
Atoms and molecules morandomly; they have Kine
Energy
average translational KE directly proportional to
temperature.Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
11/33
Quick Check-up: True or Fal
Temperature is the measure of thekinetic energy in a substance.
FALSE! 1-L of boiling water vs 2-L. 2-L has twice
total KE but the average KE is the same
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
12/33
HEAT
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
13/33
Heat is energy in transit
http://whatisthetrend.net/wp-
content/uploads/2011/05/Miam
http:/
/bestuff.com/images/images_of_stuff/210x6
00/dw
yane-wade-37486.jpg
?1173320112
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
14/33
What is HEAT?
The ENERGY transferredbetween two objects bec
of the temperature differ
between them. (Hewitt) Always from higher T to lo
(if spontaneous)Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
15/33
What is the UNIT of h
1 cal = 4.186 J1 kcal = 1000 cal = 1 Cal = 4
1 Btu = 778 ft.lb = 252 cal = 1055 J
Joule is the basic unit of eneall forms, including heat.
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
16/33
Can an object contain
No. Matter contains inter(thermal) energy.
Grand total of all energies
inside a substance.Energy resulting from hea
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
17/33
Heat depends on:
Mass (more internal energy)
Temperature difference
Specific Heat Capacity
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
18/33
Quick Check-up
An iron thumbtack and a big iron bremoved from a hot oven. Both hav
same T. When dropped into identic
containers of water of equal T, whiraises the water temperature more
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
19/33
Answer:
The big iron bolt will because it hasmass and therefore more molecule
more internal energy to impart to t
water. Same ave. KE, same T, different ma
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
20/33
Which cools faster? Toasted bread or soup?
Hotdogs or Potatoes?
Wood or Metal?
It also takes less heat to warm
these objects up.Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
21/33
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of heat pemass required to raise
temperature by one de
Celsius.
Thermal Inertia
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
22/33
Some specific heat capacities (ca
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables
Gold = 0.0301
Mercury = 0.033
Silver = 0.0558
Copper = 0.0923
Al = 0.215
Ethyl Alcohol = 0.58
Water = 1.00
Ice (-10 C) = 0.49
Granite = 0.19
Glass = 0.20
Wood: 0.4-0.5
Human = 0.84
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.htmlhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.htmlhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.htmlhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/sphtt.html -
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
23/33
Caution: Filling is hot!
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/188/3665380
The crustcools much
faster than
the applefilling.
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
24/33
Caution:
http://focus.aps.org/files/focus/v22/st5/co
Dont confuse specific
heat with thermalconductivity!
Graphite: c is 1.4x
Diamond: k can beup to 19x
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
25/33
E
xample
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
26/33
Example from Young
During a bout with the flu, Romme(80kg) ran a fever of 39.0 C instead
normal body temperature of 37.0 C
much heat is required to raise histemperature by this amount? (expr
your answer in Cal)
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
27/33
Answer:
Q = mcT = (80kg)(0.84 Cal/kg.K)(2.0K= 134 Cal
If it were not for the bodys temperature
regulating systems, taking in energy inform of food would produce measurab
changes in the body temperature. -Yo
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
28/33
EXPANSION & CONTRACT
Thermal E pansion
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
29/33
Thermal Expansion@Higher T,
molecules jigglefaster and move
farther apart.
Linear Expansion:
L = LoT
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
Figure co
Universit
Modern
Th l E i E
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
30/33
Thermal Expansion Examp
Telephone wires, loosening
lid, dental filling, reinforcinsteel, thermostats, etc.
*A 50.000m long steel rod o
lengthens by 0.009m whe
is increased from 20C to 3
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
31/33
Expansion Joints
Courtesy of Young
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/t
humb/9/95/Saw_Cut_Control_Joint_in_Concrete.jp
g/220px-Saw_Cut_Control_Joint_in_Concrete.jpg
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
32/33
What if Thermal Expansion isnt consid
Courtesy of Paul Hewitt
Railroadtracks would
buckle, roads
would crack.
= FAILQuantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011
REFERENCES
-
7/29/2019 P103 Temperature, Heat, Expansion
33/33
REFERENCES
Conceptual Physics by Pau
Hewitt
University Physics with Mo
Physics 12 edition by YouPowerpoint template from
Templatewise.com
Quantum Yuri B. Lubrica 2011