P095003 NG: Rural Access and Mobility Project- Phase 2documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... ·...

E1965 v3

THE WORLD BANK GROUP

Nigeria:Environmental & Social Impact Assessments

P095003 NG: Rural Access and Mobility Project- Phase 2

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7/6/2012

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Detailed engineering design, safeguards studies and Preparation of bidding documents for prioritized 222.83km rural roads in osun state of Nigeria

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SECL, Nigeria in JV with VSPL, India in JV with

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and

Rural Development

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chatper 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND:............................................................................................................... 1-1

1.2 PROJECT ROAD: .............................................................................................................................. 1-3

1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT ................................................................................................................. 1-5

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING ...................................................................................................... 1-5

1.4.1 Nigeria EIA Classification ......................................................................................................... 1-5

1.4.2 Project Categorization as Per World Bank ............................................................................... 1-7

1.5 NEED OF THE ESIA STUDY ............................................................................................................ 1-8

1.6 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA .......................................................................................................... 1-8

1.7 PROJECT PROPONENT................................................................................................................... 1-8

1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESIA STUDY ................................................................................................ 1-8

1.9 SCOPE OF THE ESIA STUDY .......................................................................................................... 1-8

1.10 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... 1-9

1.11 REPORT STRUCTURE ................................................................................................................... 1-14

Chatper 2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................................... 2-1

2.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK ..................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1.1 Economic Policy Framework .................................................................................................... 2-1

2.1.2 National Policy on the Environment ......................................................................................... 2-1

2.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................................................... 2-1

2.2.1 Environmental Regulations ...................................................................................................... 2-4

2.2.2 State Legislations and State Ministry of Environment .............................................................. 2-4

2.2.3 Nigerian Environmental Management Act ................................................................................ 2-6

2.2.4 Land Use Act ............................................................................................................................ 2-6

2.2.5 Applicable International Legal And Administrative Instruments ............................................... 2-6

2.2.6 World Bank’s Environmental And Social Guidelines ................................................................ 2-7

Chatper 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE .............................................................................................. 3-1

3.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................... 3-1

3.3 WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................... 3-1

Chatper 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 4-1

4.2 PROJECT ROAD ............................................................................................................................... 4-2

4.3 EXISTING ROAD FEATURES ........................................................................................................... 4-6

4.3.1 Traffic Trends ........................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4 PROPOSED ROAD FEATURES ....................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.1 Alignment Proposal .................................................................................................................. 4-6

4.4.2 Shoulder ................................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.3 Side Slopes .............................................................................................................................. 4-6


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4.4.4 Design Speed ........................................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.5 Geometric Design Aspects ....................................................................................................... 4-6

4.4.6 Junction .................................................................................................................................... 4-7

4.4.7 Culverts and Bridges ................................................................................................................ 4-7

4.5 PROJECT SCHEDULE ...................................................................................................................... 4-8

4.6 SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOUR: .............................................................................................. 4-8

4.7 EQUIPMENTS BEING USED: ........................................................................................................... 4-9

4.8 LABOUR CAMPS and SIZES: ........................................................................................................... 4-9

4.9 QUARRY and BORROW AREAs: ..................................................................................................... 4-9

Chatper 5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION: ............................... 5-11

5.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF STUDY AREA: .......................................................................... 5-11

5.2 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE: ................................................................................................... 5-11

5.3 RAINFALL ........................................................................................................................................ 5-11

5.4 TEMPERATURE: ............................................................................................................................. 5-12

5.5 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION: .................................................................................................... 5-12

5.6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY: .................................................................................................................... 5-12

5.7 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: ......................................................................................................... 5-12

5.8 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS: ............................................................................................................. 5-12

5.9 WATER RESOURCE STUDIES: ..................................................................................................... 5-14

5.10 AIR QUALITY: .................................................................................................................................. 5-14

5.11 NOISE QUALITY: ............................................................................................................................. 5-17

5.12 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT: ....................................................................................................... 5-17

5.12.1 Tree Counting and Species Identification: ........................................................................ 5-18

5.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT: ............................................................................................ 5-21

5.13.1 Demography ...................................................................................................................... 5-21

5.13.2 Socio-Economic Activities ................................................................................................. 5-22

5.13.3 Industries In Osun ............................................................................................................. 5-22

5.13.4 Health Care Facilities: ....................................................................................................... 5-23

5.13.5 Socio-Economic Survey: ................................................................................................... 5-24

5.13.6 Outcome of Socio-Economic Survey: ............................................................................... 5-25

5.14 PUBLIC CONSULTATION: .............................................................................................................. 5-29

5.14.1 Objectives: ......................................................................................................................... 5-29

5.14.2 Consultation Level and Stages ......................................................................................... 5-29

5.14.3 Consultation during the ESIA Preparation. ....................................................................... 5-29

5.14.4 Consultation at ILA Village: ............................................................................................... 5-30

5.15 CONCLUSION: .................................................................................................................................. 5-1

Chatper 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................... 6-2

6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 6-2

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE: ................................................................................. 6-2

6.2.1 Environmental Factors: ............................................................................................................ 6-2

6.2.2 Social Factors: .......................................................................................................................... 6-2


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6.3 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AS PER ESMF: ........................................... 6-3

6.4 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT IN THE PROJECT: ...................................... 6-4

6.4.1 Physical Environment ............................................................................................................... 6-7


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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1: RAMP-2 (Osun State) Project Road Details ................................................................ 1-3

Table 2.1: Applicable World Bank Operational Policies ................................................................ 2-8 Table 3.1: With and Without Project Scenario .............................................................................. 3-1 Table 4.1: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER A .............................. 4-2 Table 4.2: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER B .............................. 4-2 Table 4.3: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER C .............................. 4-2

Table 4.4: List of Culverts ............................................................................................................. 4-7 Table 5.1: Soil Sampling Locations ............................................................................................. 5-13 Table 5.2: Surface and Ground Water Sample locations ........................................................... 5-14 Table 5.3: Noise Level around the Project Area ......................................................................... 5-17 Table 5.4: Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria. ........................................................................... 5-17

Table 5.5: Population Distributions in Osun State. ..................................................................... 5-21 Table 5.6: Health Care Facilities in Osun State .......................................................................... 5-23

Table 5.7: Villages along project route and selected village for Socio-Economic Survey .......... 5-24 Table 5.8: Details of Public Consultation .................................................................................... 5-30 Table 5.9: Outcome of Public Consultation at ILA Village .......................................................... 5-32 Table 6.1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening .......................................................... 6-2 Table 6.2: Potential Negative Impact ............................................................................................ 6-4

Table 6.3: Summary of Borrow Pits Locations along the project road clusters ............................ 6-8 Table 6.4: Like Impact on Water Resource................................................................................. 6-12

Table 6.5: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster A ................ 6-17 Table 6.6: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster B ................ 6-17

Table 6.7: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster C ............... 6-17

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Photographs of RAMP-2 road clusters in Osun State ............................................... 1-3 Figure 1.2: Location Map Osun State Ramp-2 Project Sites ........................................................ 1-4 Figure 1.3: Discussion with Osun State SPIU Members ............................................................ 1-10

Figure 1.4: Joint Site Visit of SPIU and Consultant’s Study Team ............................................. 1-12 Figure 2.1: FMEnv Organizational Structure................................................................................. 2-3

Figure 2.2: The flow chart of the EIA process in Nigeria .............................................................. 2-5 Figure 4.1: Road Clusters in IWO Region ..................................................................................... 4-3 Figure 4.2: Road Clusters in ILE-IFE Region................................................................................ 4-4

Figure 4.3: Road Clusters in ILESA Region.................................................................................. 4-5 Figure 4.4: Typical Cross Section ................................................................................................. 4-7

Figure 5.1: Rainfall and Temperature Distribution in Osun State (source: NIMET 2010) .......... 5-11 Figure 5.2: Soil and Water Sampling Locations .......................................................................... 5-13

Figure 5.3: Air Quality Sampling ................................................................................................. 5-15 Figure 5.4: Expenditure for Socio-Economic Survey .................................................................. 5-25 Figure 5.5: Holding of Durable Commodities .............................................................................. 5-26 Figure 5.6: Available Facilities .................................................................................................... 5-26 Figure 5.7: Women Involvement ................................................................................................. 5-27

Figure 5.8: Women and Men in Decision Making ....................................................................... 5-28 Figure 5.9: Attitude towards Girl Child ........................................................................................ 5-28 Figure 5.10: Public Consultation at ILA Village ........................................................................... 5-31 Figure 6.1: Potential Environment and Social Impact as per ESMF, RAMP-II ............................. 6-4 Figure 6.2: Sample village road section and vegetation along route .......................................... 6-16


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ACRONYMS

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora

CO Carbon Monoxide

CPS Country Partnership Strategy (World Bank)

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

FEPA Federal Environmental Protection Agency

FGN Federal Government of Nigeria

FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment

IDA International Development Association

MARPOL Marine Pollution by Dumping of Waste

MDG Millennium Development Goal

NIMET Nigerian Meteorological Agency

NRTTP National Rural Travel and Transport Policy

NEEDS National Economic Empowerment & Development Strategy

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

OP Operational Policy (World Bank)

PAD Project Appraisal Document

PPA Project Preparatory Advance

RAMP-II Second Rural Access and Mobility Project

ROW Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation

RTTP Rural Travel and Transport Program

SPM Suspended Particulate Matter

SPIU State Project Implementation Unit

TOR Terms of Reference

VOC Volatile Organic Carbon

WB World Bank


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION:

The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) is currently developing

a comprehensive Rural Travel and Transport Program (RTTP) to implement the National

Rural Travel and Transport Policy (NRTTP).

The Rural Access Mobility Program (RAMP) will support this initiative through long term

performance based contracts including both rehabilitation/improvement and maintenance

activities. Therefore, in compliance with Federal and State laws of Nigeria and the World

Bank’s Safeguards Policies, an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)

was prepared for Kaduna State for RAMP1. The same is being followed for the Osun State

under RAMP-2 along with the requirement of national requirements of Nigeria for EIA studies.

The ESIA study has been initiated with an objective to assess the anticipated environmental

and social impacts/benefits during design, construction and operation phases of the project

roads under RAMP-2 in Osun State. Based on identified environmental/social

impacts/benefits necessary mitigation measures and management plan shall be developed.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Project roads under the RAMP-2 program in Osun State are divided into three clusters

namely as given in Table 1.

Table 1: RAMP-2 (Osun State) Project Road Details

Cluster

No. Name of Cluster

No. of road

Section Total road length Type of road

1 IWO Region 9 64.5 Km Earthen

2 ILE-IFE Region 6 109.2 Km Earthen

3 ILESA Region 7 48.27 Km Earthen

NEED OF THE PROJECT

The existing carriageway width varies from 4.0 to 6.0 m. The existing roads are earthen roads

and deteriorated due to inadequate maintenance and impact of long days of rainfall (varies

between 4-8 months). These roads act as a major economic corridor of the rural villages and

improvement of project roads are important.

NEED OF THE ESIA STUDY

The up gradation/rehabilitation and maintenance of rural/feeder roads triggers the following

operational policies of World Bank:

Environmental Assessment (OP: 4.01 and BP: 4.01);

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

The Federal Government of Nigeria created Federal Environmental Protection Agency

(FEPA). According to the FEPA, any development project requires Environmental

Assessment as per the respective categories.


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CATEGORIZATION OF PROJECT

According to FEPA, developmental projects in Nigeria are divided into three categories

namely Category-I, Category-II and Category-III. The projects falling under such project

categories are shown in Figure 1.

The present RAMP-2 project in Osun State falls under Road Rehabilitation project and

therefore may be considered under Category-II in general (Refer figure 1).

As per OP 4.01

The World Bank requires environmental assessment (EA) of projects proposed for Bank

financing to help ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus to

improve decision making.

The project is only a rehabilitation of existing earthen roads towards betterment of local

people and are not involved with any significant environmental impacts which can be

considered as irreversible and in most cases mitigatory measure may be designed readily.

Hence overall the project can be considered as Category-B as per OP: 4.01.

Land Use Act

The legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act 1978 and

modified in 1990. According to the Land Use Act, all land in Nigeria is vested in the Governor

of each State, and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of all people. The

administration of land area is divided into urban land which will be directly under the control

and management of the Governor of each State.


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Figure 1: Project Categorization

Category-I

Agriculture/Agro Allied

Fisheries

Forestry

Industries (Manufacturing)

Food, Beverages and Tobaco Processing;

Infrastructure

-Hospital with outfall into beach fronts

- Medium and heavy industrial estate covering 50 Ha or more; - Expressways and National Highways; - New Township

Ports

Housing

Airport

Drainage and Irrigation

Railways

Transportation (Mass Rapid Transport Projects)

Resort and Recreational Development

Power Generation

Petroleum

Mining

Queries

Waste Treatment and Disposal

Water Supply

Land reclamation

Brewery

ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS

Coral Reefs;

Mangrove Swamps

Small Islands

Tropical Rainforest

Areas with erosion prone soils e.g mountain soils;

Areas prone with desertification (semiarid zone);

Natural Conservation Areas;

Wetlands of national and international importance;

Areas which harbor protected and or endangered species;

Areas of unique scenery;

Areas of particular scientific interest;

Areas of historic or archaeological interest

Areas of importance to threatened ethnic groups

Category II

Agriculture and Rural Development

Any reforestation/afforestation project;

Small scale irrigation and drainage;

Small scale aquaculture/Mari culture;

Saw milling wood logging;

Rubber processing

Any fish processing

Any other Agro allied industry

Industry and Infrastructure

Mini hydro power development;

Any small scale industry development;

Small scale power transmission;

Any renewable energy development;

Telecommunication facilities

Rural water supply and sanitation

Public facilities (school, hospitals and housing) etc.

Small scale tourism development;

Small scale development of petroleum or related facilities;

Road rehabilitation

Any form of querying and mining

Category III

Institutional Development

Health Program;

Family Planning Program;

Nutritional Program

Educational Program;

Environmental Awareness

Physical Intervention in the

Environment

But if the project involves

Then

If the project located or close to

Then


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ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN IN ESIA:

Activity1: The project initiated with the filed visit of Consultant study team during 14.03.2012

and 15.03.2012. The visit was initiated with the introductory meeting with the SPIU officials of

Osun State and Federal Ministry of Environment was also visited to know the related policy

and legal framework related to ESIA study in Nigeria.

Activity2: Field visit was undertaken in selected stretched of project cluster roads. The

observation is given below:

Project roads are earthen roads with varying width from 4m-6m;

Roads are degraded in places with pot holes;

Natural vegetation and farm lands along the project roads;

The first two meters on either side of the project road mostly comprises of bushes and

few timber grade trees are observed at the inner side of the project road (approximately

7-10m inside);

Activity3: Depending upon the road clusters public consultations with different target groups

were selected. A total 13 consultations were designed after discussion with the SPIU. Among

these, 11 are to be selected as focus group discussion (FGD) in the three road clusters, one

with forest officers of Shasha Native forest and one in a local market.

Activity4: Baseline Environment and Socio-Economic conditions captured through secondary

as well as primary data. Local accredited laboratory hired for such Environmental Monitoring

and laboratory analysis. Further technical staff being sent to collect primary socio-economic

information from 3rd

week of March to 2nd

week of April 2012.

Activity5: During the filed visit to the selected project roads, no such R&R impact envisaged

from the project, however once the alignment design is finalized then for the structures

expected to be affected will be surveyed.

BASELINE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION:

Meteorology and Climate:

There are two seasons annually in Osun state and Nigeria in general, wet season and dry

season. The wet season generally starts from April and extends till October. The dry season

last from November to March and the weathers are hot at this time.

Rainfall:

Rainfall characteristics vary indirectly with latitudinal location but directly with the location of

the ITD and rainy season- initiated winds. The mean annual rainfall varies from 231.75 cm in

the southern part to 206 cm in Osun State, and highest rainfall is usually recorded in the

months of July and August.

Temperature:

Mean maximum ambient temperature values range between 33.84°C in February and 28.8°C

in August, while mean minimum temperatures range between 25.18°C in March and 23.0°C

in August.


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Wind Speed and Direction:

The mean annual wind speed vary between a narrow range of 4.0 and 6.2m/s. Speeds are

higher between July and August, the period of August break.

According to the statistics available for the last ten years the prevalent wind directions is

south-westerly.

Relative humidity:

Relative humidity is usually in excess of 70%, especially during the peak of the wet season.

Atmospheric Pressure:

Atmospheric pressure is highest around November with 58.36hpa and lowest in August with

51.83hpa.

Soil Characteristics:

The soil belong to the highly ferruginous tropical red soils associated with basement

complex rocks. As a result of the dense humid forest cover in the area, the soils are

generally deep and of two types, namely, deep clayey soils formed on low smooth hill

crests and upper slopes; and the sandier hill wash soils on the lower slopes.

Table 2: Soil Sampling Locations

S.No. Road Section

1 Odogbo-Iwara

2 Ilesa-Odogbo-Araromi

3 Jabu-Irakeji

4 Ira-Ikeji Ile

5 Oligeri-Iragbiji

6 Jagun Osin-Osi

7 Elebu-Osi

8 Osi-Falala

9 Shasha Forest Reserve

10 Alogba-Owode

11 Eleru Town

12 Agbowu-Idiroko

13 Ajagunlase Town

14 Akinleye-Odo Omi

15 Agoro-Ikonifin

16 Eleke-Kanko

The pH range of the soil sample was 6.29- 6.90 the pH range indicates the soils to be

slightly acidic. The concentrations of other anions were found to be in low/moderate

concentrations.


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Water Resource Studies:

Surface and ground water samples were collected in an around the project road areas. The

collection of surface and ground water samples are given in Table 3. Around 12 samples

were collected and In-situ quality parameters including PH, Dissolved oxygen , turbidity

and temperature were determined on site, where there were no source of surface water.

Only well/boreholes were close to the Site. Samples were collected and preserved

separately for general water physico-chemical parameters (>4˚c), microbiological analysis

(<4˚c), heavy metals (acidified using nitric acid pH< 2), oil and grease and chemical oxygen

demand (acidified using sulphuric acid pH<2). shows the that pH of the water sample was

slightly acidic is within the required range of (6.5-8.5),temperature (<40˚c), conductivity

(NS), Dissolved oxygen (5ppm), chloride (40mg/1) with their actual values being 6.68-

6.97,25.2-27.8˚c, 99-206umhos/cm, and 2.3-3.3ppm respectively. No heavy metals were

detected in all the samples and all other physiochemical. Parameters examined did not

exceed the FMENV permissible limits.

Table 3: Surface and Ground Water Sample locations

Location Ground or Surface

Water Samples Location

Ground or Surface

Water Samples

Odogbo SW and GW Eleru SW and GW

Ilesa SW and GW Idiroko pt 1 SW and GW

Arakeji SW and GW Shasha Reserve Forest SW and GW

Jagun Osin SW and GW Idiroko pt 2 SW and GW

Osi SW and GW Ikonifin SW and GW

Owode SW and GW Odo-Omi SW and GW

Noise Quality:

The noise levels were measures in 10 locations in an around the project road. The details of

noise quality assessment are given found that in all locations are within the permissible noise

exposure limits of Nigeria.

Air Quality:

The air quality has been measured at 12 locations and it has been observed that the air

quality levels are well within the limits prescribed by the Federal Ministry Environmental

Limits. The latitude and longitude of each monitoring stations are also recorded for

assessment of impact in future years.

Biological Environment:

The state Osun is covered by secondary forest and in the northern part, the derived

savannah mosaic predominates. Human interference, by way of cocoa plantation, has also

replaced the forest. Hence, the natural tree species have given way to oil palm (Elacis

guinniensis), gmelina and dense thickets. Mature forests still exist in the Owu forest

reserve at the southern part of the state.


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FLORA/VEGETATION

The vegetation along the project road are mostly short grasses and timber grade trees are not

observed just adjacent to project road and trees are not required to be cut down for the base

station to be constructed. The farm land species were also counted along the various

project roads sections. The species along these road sections are given in Table 4.

Table 4: Species Identified Along Project Road

S.No Name of Road Section Tree Species

1 IRA-IKEJI (7.40 km) Kola nut tree, pawpaw plantation, bamboo, bitter kola,

orange, banana

2 ODOGBO-ILESA (Road

length 6.58 km) Banana, Mango, Plantain and Palm and Cocoa

3 IDIROKO Palm trees, Maize plantation, Cassava plantation, Mango,

Yam plantation and Banana Plantation and Pineapple

4 Odi-omi Banana, Mango, Cocoa, Cassava, Plantain, Palm and

Cocoa. Palm oil production industry is also present.

5 Araromi town (Shasha

Reserve forest area)

Melina tree was found scatter all over the town. Cassava

plantation, Palm tree, Kola nut tree, Melina tree, Banana and

bitter Kola trees

6 Eleru village Cassava Plantation, Palm Tree, Kola Nut Tree, Cashew,

Banana, Bitter Kola

7 Ajagunlase town

Kola nut trees, Pawpaw plantation, Cashew plantation,

Mango trees, Bitter kola trees, Banana and Orange

plantation

Socio-Economic Environment:

As part of the socio-economic information, along with secondary data primary socio-economic

survey was also carried out in 11 villages selected randomly along the project route where the

villages at least has more than 20-25 houses. A 5% samples was carried out in the following

villages:

Agoro, Ekeredodu, Idi-rorko (2 nos.) , Ira-irakeji, Isoya village, Ogbomosho Oniyo, Olageri-

iragberi Oni, Olorunbo, Gbebeleku, Olurobo.

Demography

Osun state is spread over an area of 9,251km2 (3,571.8 sq mi) and based on 2006 national

population headcount, the state has a population of about 3,423,535 people.

Agriculture

The major occupation of the people is faming, both of cash and food crops. Arable farming in

the state engages considerable migrant labour. The land tenure system, originally communal

in nature has long given way to individual tenure.

The food crops are diverse, ranging from yam, rice, maize, beans and cassava to vegetables.

Osun State has considerable hectarage of citrus fruits, especially oranges. The citrus farms


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are largely own by private individuals. Cocoa is a main export crop grows in the state. Indeed,

Osun State is second only to Ondo in terms of cocoa production.

Industries in Osun

Osun state is yet not highly industrialized, but few of them are noteworthy to mention. Among

these are:

International Breweries Ltd, in Ilesha;

Cocoa Products Ltd in Ede, which together employ over 500, workers.

Health Care Facilities:

Around 38 health care facilities are found in the state and during visit to the villages it has

been observed each of these villages do have access to nearby health center which varies

from a distance of 500m to 2km.


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Outcome of Socio-Economic Survey:

Villages Name of

Household

Annual

Expenditure

(Naira)-

Possession of

Durable

Commodities

Employment

during migration

Women in decision

Making Health

Attitude

towards girl

child

Total

Income(Naira)

Agoro Abdul akem

Abdul jabaru 104,000

Radio, T.V and

Motorcycle

Trade&

business and

agriculture

Yes but final decision by

male member

Malaria

and

cough

Equal 920,000

Ekeredodu Jimoh akin

tunde 191,200

Radio, bycycle

and Motorcycle

Agriculture

labour


male member for

financial matter

Malaria Equal 147,000; debt

taken 5000

Idi-rorko (2

nos.)

Baale joshua

folarin 178,540 Nil N.A


male member for

financial matter

Malaria Equal

28,500 (per

month), debth

taken 4000

Ira-irakeji Chief Aremo

Rufus Ojo 394,840

Radio, music

system, T.V.

Refrigerator

Agriculture

labour


male member for

financial matter

- Equal 782,000

Isoya

Chief

Ogunniyi

Kehinde

490,000 Radio, T.V and

Motorcycle

Agriculture

labour


male member for

financial matter

- Equal 23,10,000

Ogbomosho

Oniyo Ajibade isaac 100,000

Radio, and

Motorcycle

Agriculture

labour


male member for

financial matter

Malaria Equal 696,000

Olageri-

iragberi Oni

Simon

oyeniyi 293,040

Radio, T.V and

Motorcycle

Agriculture

labour


male member for

financial matter

Skin

rashes

and

cough

Equal 180,000; debt

12,000

Olorunbo oyebanji

babatunde 88,800

Radio, and

Motorcycle NA


male member for

financial matter

- - 601,400


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PUBLIC CONSULTATION:

As a part of the project preparation and to ensure that the community support is obtained and the

project supports the felt needs of the people; public consultations were carried out as an integral

component. A continuous involvement of the stakeholders and the affected community was

obtained. The feedback in the consultation sessions will lead to project preparation – including,

influencing designs. Consultations involve soliciting people’s views on proposed actions and

engaging them in a dialogue. It is a two-way information flow, from project authorities to people

and, from people to project authorities.

Consultation During the ESIA Preparation.

A total of 13 such consultation programme has been finalized after discussion with the SPIU,

Osun State including questionnaire for the same. The locations of such consultation are

strategically chosen combing few of the village roads together and are given in Table 5.

Table 5: Village List

Road Section Location of consultation Dates of Consultation

Odogbo - Iwara At Odogbo 22.03.2012

Ilesa - Odogbo-Araromi-Igbowiwi

Jabu - Ikeji-Arakeji-Ira

At Ira 22.03.2012 Ira - IKeji Ile - Ajebandele Arinmo

Oligeri - Iragbiji

Isale GH – Muroko-Ila-Isolo-Ijesa-Okebode At Ilaa village 14.03.2012

Jagun Osin-Osi

At Osi 22.03.2012 Elebu - Osi

Osi - Falala

Alogba - Owode Owode 22.03.2012

Owode - Oyere Fadahan

Shasha Native Authority Forest Reserve

Road

Shasha Reserve forest Authority

and local people 25.03.2012

Abogimile - Eleru Eleru 23.03.2012

Agbowu - Idiroko Idiroko 23.03.2012

Akinleye - Idiroko

Eleke - Kanko Eleke 23.03.2012

Agoro - Ikonifin Isero Village 15.03.2012

Ikonifin - Ajagunlase

Ajagunlase - Bode Osi Ajagunlase 23.03.2012

Akinleye-Odo-omi-Aba-Ayo-Isero Odo 23.03.2012

Patara-Ileko-Oba-Odo-omi-Road 1

Local Market 25.03.2012

ARAP

The initial reconnaissance cum scoping survey reveals that the project affected persons will be

very few and care has been taken to avoid most of the structures going to get affected. However,

still some structure may get affected along with impact on few farm lands. The total number of

PAP however will be less than 200. Therefore, a full RAP will not be required; rather the right

instrument to be used is the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP).


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The entitlement framework in the study area has been carried out after discussion with the SPIU

members and as per the OP: 4.12 (Involuntary Resettlement) policy of World Bank. ARAP also

include a budget for implementation, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms as well grievance

redress mechanism.

ESMP:

The present ESIA is a working document as part of the design finalization and effort taken

towards minimization of adverse environmental impacts. The possible mitigation measures are

also given in the ESIA. An effort has been made to prepare an impact/mitigation matrix, along

with responsibility details as part of Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP).

As the nature of terrain and anticipated impacts may vary in the three different clusters, three

different ESMPs have been prepared along with ESMP budget. The ESMP also include the

monitoring & evaluation mechanism as well as reporting structures and institutional framework to

implement. The capacity building requirements are also reflected. The ESMP budget for the three

different clusters are given in table 6:

Table 6: ESMP budget in different clusters

Road Clusters ESMP Budget ((N)

IWO Cluster 18.2 million

ILE-IFE 28.2 million

ILESA 19.545 million


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Chatper 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND:

In 2007, it was estimated that less than half of the rural population was living less than 2 km away

from an all-weather road (Rural Accessibility Index of 47 percent). Due to the lack of good and

properly maintained infrastructure, about 30 million Nigerians currently live in near isolation and

lack access to income-generating opportunities and social services. Out of the country’s 160,000

km of secondary and tertiary roads, less than 10-15 percent can be considered in good condition.

Deteriorated infrastructure increases transport costs, which in turn affects access to markets and

services, ultimately resulting in lower productivity. As a result of isolation, insufficient connectivity

and high transport costs, farmers have difficulties sourcing and transporting key inputs (like seeds

or fertilizers) to their farms and evacuating their products to the local and regional markets. A

significant part of perishable products are lost or damaged in transit. In rural Nigeria, it is

estimated that poor transport infrastructure is responsible for 15-20 percent of the agricultural

production not reaching market. Lack of access also affects human capital, as poor households

cannot send their children to local schools nor access social services provided in health or

community centers.

About 70% of Nigeria’s population is rural, and rural transport comprises the transport activities

which take place at local government, community and household levels and Road transport

accounts for about 90% of the internal movement of goods and people in Nigeria. It is the main

mode of transportation and also the only means of access to most rural communities where other

modes of transport are either non-existent or too expensive. It include rural transport services for

passengers and freight by motorized and non-motorized means of transport and rural transport

infrastructure mainly rural roads, tracks, trails, paths and footbridges, and in some cases rural

water and airways.

The current classified road network is estimated at about 195,000 kilometers, Of these, 32,100

kilometers (16.5 percent) are Federal roads, linking the state capitals and other major towns to

one another; 30,900 kilometers (15.8 percent) are State roads, linking towns and major

settlements; and the remaining 132,000 kilometers (67.7 percent) are Local Government

Authority (LGA) roads, linking smaller communities to one another and to LG headquarters. More

than 80% of the network here is either in fair or poor condition.

Certain past studies revealed that most of the travel in rural areas is restricted within 4 km of the

rural homes and is done away from the existing national road networks. Most of this travel is for

purposes of accessing basic daily necessities like a grinding mill, marriage ceremonies, for

funerals and other social activities, herding cattle and carrying firewood, farm input or farm

produce and fetching water.

A lot of the so-called motorable roads and bridges are not passable during the rainy season and

this has also been revealed during the public consultation carried out in the project.

The Nigeria Rural Development Sector Strategy (2001) confirmed that the rural sector is central

to Nigeria's development strategy. The development of the Nigeria Rural Development Strategy

was complemented by a similar effort to develop policies and strategies to remove constraints

imposed by inadequate access and mobility in rural areas.

The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) are currently developing a


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comprehensive Rural Travel and Transport Program (RTTP) to implement the National Rural

Travel and Transport Policy (NRTTP).

The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN), through FMARD, requested the Bank’s assistance

both to meet the immediate and short term funding needs for the implementation of RTTP.

The RTTP has the following key principles: (i) Follow an integrated transport planning and

development approach, focusing on all classes of roads, including rural access roads,

patch/tracks, and community roads to provide inter-connectivity to a wider area; (ii) Promote the

provision of transport services not only just building roads; (iii) Improve local government capacity

to ensure maintenance of roads; and (iv) Improve governance through better transparency and

participation of beneficiary and community groups. While the RTTP focuses on the right issues

that are currently constraining the improvement of rural accessibility in Nigeria, these are yet to

be streamlined in policy interventions. A clear plan with assigned resources, a realistic time frame

for execution, measurable outcomes and assignment of responsibilities to selected, accountable

institutions is still lacking.

RTTP proposes that those road networks giving access to and within the prioritized geographical

areas should first be improved/rehabilitated and then maintained for at least four years as a

complete network. This approach would provide the necessary longer term support required for

sustainable rural development like agricultural development.

The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development have received a Project Preparatory

Advance (PPA) from the World Bank and a Project Preparatory Grant from the French

Development Agency (AFD) towards the cost of preparing the Second Rural Access and Mobility

Project (RAMP II).

The RAMP-II will support this initiative through long term performance based contracts including

both rehabilitation/improvement and maintenance activities.

Towards ensuring environmental and social compliant, part of the proceeds have been applied to

prepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework for RAMP ll.

As per the Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF), the present project is not

anticipated to lead to any large scale disruption of environmental amenities. However, for due

diligence, it has become necessary to check the Environment and Social Assessment for the

project roads under Osun state.

The Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study has been initiated with an

objective to assess the anticipated environmental and social impacts/benefits during design,

construction and operation phases of the project roads. Based on identified environmental/social

impacts/benefits necessary mitigation measures and management plan are developed.


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1.2 PROJECT ROAD:

The Project roads under the RAMP-2 program in Osun State are divided into three clusters

namely as given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: RAMP-2 (Osun State) Project Road Details

Road

Clusters Name of Cluster

No. of road

Section Total road length Type of road

A IWO Region 9 64.5 Km Earthen

B ILE-IFE Region 6 109.2 Km Earthen

C ILESA Region 7 48.3 Km Earthen

The road clusters in Osun state are shown in Figure 1.1 and 1.2.

Project rural road section in ILESA region Project Road section in ILE-IFE region

Project rural road section in ILESA region Project Road section in IWO region

Figure 1.1: Photographs of RAMP-2 road clusters in Osun State

IWO

REGION


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Figure 1.2: Location Map Osun State Ramp-2 Project Sites

Osun

State

ILESA

REGION

IWO

REGION

ILE-IFE

REGION

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigeria_Osun_State_map.png


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1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

The existing carriageway width varies from 4.0 to 6.0 m. The existing roads are earthen roads and

deteriorated due to inadequate maintenance and impact of long days of rainfall (varies between 4-

8 months). These roads act as a major economic corridor of the rural villages for accessibility to

local market and the riding quality of the pavement is quite poor in many places of the project.

Therefore, improvements of project roads are important. Further, adequate maintenance of the

upgraded project road are required for better riding quality in future.

The proposed project of RAMP-2 in Osun state is expected to promote agricultural productivity

and ultimately, these productivity gains should promote the economic growth of the non-oil sectors

and increase the average income of poor rural households who mostly depend on agriculture for

subsistence.

The current Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for 2010-2013 focuses on three themes to

transform and diversify Nigeria’s economy. These themes are: (i) improving governance; (ii)

maintaining non-oil growth; and (iii) promoting human development. The RAMP-2 project will

contribute to maintaining non-oil growth by supporting productivity gains in the agriculture sector,

which accounts for the greatest share of Nigeria’s non-oil economy. The proposed project will also

contribute to improving governance at state level through its performance-based approach.

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING

Project screening in ESIA is the first step in the initial assessment of the possible environmental

impacts of the proposed project. The purpose of the environmental and social screening is to

identify if road rehabilitation project requires an ESIA through the elimination of irrelevant

environmental issues and focusing on potentially significant issues at the planning and design

stages. The scope of screening study include:

Consideration of bio-physical, socio-economic and health issues and the relevant legislative

framework; and,

Consultation with key decision-makers and experts to identify key issues.

1.4.1 Nigeria EIA Classification

In Nigeria, environmental issues were of concern to the Government in the late 1980s. The

Federal Military Government created the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) by

Decree No 58 of 1988, and then formalized its functions by Decree No 59 in 1992. The two

documents became known as the FEPA Act.

According to FEPA, developmental projects in Nigeria are divided into three categories namely

Category-I, Category-II and Category-III. The projects falling under such project categories are

shown in Figure 1.3.

Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and

Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally

sensitive area--in which case a full EIA is required.

Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the


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environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental

Impact Statement.

Though in cluster-B, i.e. in ILE-IFE section the project road is passing through Shasha Native

Authority Forest Reserve Road (road length 53.87 km), which is conservation area but the

project road is an existing road and only rehabilitation is proposed. The same has been

supported during consultation with SPIU authorities as well as communities in that area.

Hence considering these, the project road rehabilitation program can be considered as

Category-II project.

Figure 1.3: Project Categorization


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1.4.2 Project Categorization as Per World Bank

The up gradation/rehabilitation and maintenance of rural/feeder roads may have certain triggers

the following operational policies of World Bank:

Environmental Assessment (OP: 4.01 and BP: 4.01);

Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)

World Bank classifies supported projects into three categories namely:

Category-A: For projects likely to have significant environmental impacts that are serious (i.e.

irreversible and affect vulnerable ethnic minorities involve involuntary resettlement

or affect cultural heritage sites), diverse or unprecedented or that affect an area

broader than the sites of facilities subject to physical works. A full ESIA is

required.

Category-B: For projects likely to have adverse environmental impacts that are less significant

than those of Category A projects, meaning that few if any of the impacts are likely

to be irreversible, that they are site-specific and that mitigation measures can be

designed more readily than for Category A projects. A limited ESIA will be

required.

Category-C: For projects that are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts.

No ESIA is required.

During the initial field survey, initial discussion with local people and authorities for

the project cluster roads following may be concluded:

Areas of Checking Observation

Area of significant social

impact

No. Very few structures and some farm land may get affected

and as per the public consultation, local people have

welcomed the project and volunteer for any kind of

resettlement and rehabilitation (if required).

Cultural heritage site No

Biodiversity and protection

areas

Bushes and farms all along. Places of monoculture are also

observed for Palm and Cocoa plantation. Protection areas in

Shasha native forest.

Water Body/Supply area There are few streams crossing the project sites

The project is only a rehabilitation of existing earthen roads towards betterment of local people

and are not involved with potential adverse environmental impacts as found during the filed study,

which can be considered as irreversible. Most of the tree species along the project road are of

bush types and very few timber grade trees observed adjacent to project road. Further, in Shasha

forest section in Cluster-B, there would not any new road alignment/bypass has been proposed

and only rehabilitation of existing road has been proposed.

However, few trees may get affected due to identification of borrow pits and considering these the

project does not have any such significant impact which can be considered as irreversible and the

potential impacts can be mitigated through readily available mitigation measures and a monitoring

mechanism.


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Overall the project can be considered as Category-B as per OP: 4.01(Environment Assessment).

1.5 NEED OF THE ESIA STUDY

As per the EIA categorization in Nigeria and World Bank’s safeguard policies, a limited ESIA study

will be required in this project.

1.6 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA

The project is located in Osun State, Nigeria. The state is bounded in the south by Osun state; in

the North by Kwara state; in the west by Oyo state; and in the East by Ondo and Ekiti states. The

existing width of project road varies between 4-6m and 1.0m of earthen shoulder on either side of

the project roads. The RoW is proposed to be 15m all throughout and corridor of impact is 20m.

The project / Study area is 500 m on either side of the project corridor i.e., a total of 1 Km.

1.7 PROJECT PROPONENT

The Federal Government of Nigeria represented by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Development is the proponent for this project.

1.8 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESIA STUDY

The objective of ESIA report is to identify the potential environmental and social impacts of the

proposed project, measures and formulate strategies to avoid / mitigate the negative impacts and

enhance the positive impacts. The scope of work to accomplish the above objective, comprise the

following:

Understanding the baseline environmental conditions in the study area;

Identification of the potential environmental impact due to proposed project activity;

Recommending appropriate mitigation measures to avoid/minimize the negative

environmental and social impacts;

Assessment of possible positive environmental and social benefits from the project;

Preparation of a management plant and administrative framework to minimize the negative

impacts; and,

Preparation of a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) program to monitor the negative and

positive impact on the baseline environment conditions as well as on the overall socio-

economic structures of the project study area during construction and operational phase of the

project.

1.9 SCOPE OF THE ESIA STUDY

As part of the initial site visit to the project site and visit to the alignment stretches in these three

project clusters, the scope of ESIA study broadly include:

• The study area for the EIA shall include the Project Corridor, as well as, the spatial and

temporal limits of individual environmental components outside the corridor where an effect

can be reasonably expected;

• The ESIA report to be prepared to assist the public and government in understanding the

environmental and socioeconomic consequence of the roads rehabilitation work in Osun state;


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• the EIA shall include data gathering on the existing baseline (climate, air quality, surface

water, soil, flora and fauna, geology) of the project area and a discussion on the measures to

address

project impacts,

prevent or mitigate impacts

mitigation options, and

residual effects relevant to the assessment of the Project

• As appropriate for the various types of impacts, the EIA shall discuss impact predictions in

terms of magnitude, frequency, duration, seasonal timing, reversibility, and geographic extent.

• The preparation of the ESIA report will include a public consultation program (agencies, departments, communities, NGOs and other stakeholders) to assist with project scoping and issue identification. The results of these consultations will be documented as part of the EIA report.

• The EIA report will include a glossary of terms and a list of abbreviations to assist the reader in

understanding the material presented.

1.10 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The ESIA study has been undertaken in accordance with World Bank and Nigerian standards. The

distinct phases of the study include:

Activity-1 Literature review

Activity-2 Project understanding and Institutional Consultation

Activity-3 Reconnaissance Surveys and alternative assessment

Activity-4 Public Consultation

Activity-5 Characterization of the baseline conditions and Data review

Activity-6 Identification and characterization of potential impacts,

Activity-7 Identification of impact mitigation measures and enhancement of benefits

Activity-8 Preparation of ESMPs and Monitoring mechanism for its implementation

Activity-1 Literature review

Review of Project Appraisal Document (PAD), federal, and state environmental

laws regulations, decrees, acts, policies and guidelines, World Bank safeguard

policies and other relevant documents and ESMF prepared for Kaduna State

under RAMP-1 and ESMF prepared for RAMP-II including state of Osun.

Activity-2 Project understanding and Institutional Consultation

The Consultants study team visited Osun state between 13.03.2012 to

15.03.2012. The team met with the SPIU officials including the Environmental

specialist for RAMP-2. The study team also visited the State Ministry of

Environment to discuss the EIA procedures in Nigeria and to know the related

policy and legal framework being followed for ESIA study in Nigeria. The team

discussed the following:

ESIA processes in Nigeria;

Whether the Rural road development requires a detailed EIA study in

Nigeria;

Is there any kind of protected area (like National Park/Wild Life

sanctuary) in the project road areas;

Project implementation framework


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Figure 1.3: Discussion with Osun State SPIU Members


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Activity-3 Reconnaissance Surveys and alternative assessment

Reconnaissance survey was undertaken by the study team in selected stretches

of project cluster roads covering all the three clusters and care was taken to see

the critical road sections and maximum road sections including steep terrain road

in ILESA region. The site visit photographs area given in Figure 1.4. The

observation is given below:

Project roads are earthen roads with varying width from 4m-6m;

Roads are degraded in places with pot holes;

Natural vegetation and farm lands along the project roads;

The first two meters on either side of the project road mostly comprises of

bushes and few timber grade trees are observed at the inner side of the

project road (approximately 7-10m inside);

The project roads can be developed within the existing carriageway with some

geometrical improvement and realignments;

With the project the economy of the region will certainly get benefitted. An

alternative assessment with and without project has been worked out.


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Figure 1.4: Joint Site Visit of SPIU and Consultant’s Study Team

Discussion during site visit Project Road

Bridge construction along river separating the

village road

Resort coming along one of the feeder road

connecting to one of the project raod

Palm Oil Industries Village along project road.

Road condition survey Cross Drainage structure required in one of

project road in ILESA region


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Activity-4 Public Consultation

Public consultation questionnaires were designed and shared with SPIU officials.

During the site visit of consultants study team two public consultation were

undertaken in Ila Village (under ILESA region) and at Isero village (under IWO

region) to get a brief feedback of villagers and improvement requirement of the

project road. This helped in project screening. Further, a total of 13 consultations

were carried out including discussion in Shasha native forest area.

Activity-5 Characterization of the baseline conditions and Data review

M/s Searchgate Laboratories Limited; Lagos, an accredited laboratory by Federal

Ministry of Environment, Housing and Urban Development has been entrusted to

carry out the Environmental Monitoring and laboratory analysis. The lab was also

entrusted with counting of tree species enroute the project road and counting of

timber grade trees falling within 5m on either side of the project road. The

monitoring team has been deployed from 20th March 2012.

The baseline data reviewed included:

topography;

geological structure, classification, composition and distribution;

surface and groundwater hydrology;

background contamination of the surficial soil, air, noise surface water and/or

groundwater;

the risk of natural hazards (e.g. flooding) and subsidence;

climate and meteorology data; and biological data.

Activity-6 Identification and characterization of potential impacts

Based upon the characterization of baseline data, the potential and significant

impact from the road rehabilitation project was assessed. The project roads are

existing roads and only rehabilitation work is proposed for its improvement. The

project would not have any major significant impact. However, some impacts like

borrowing earth, water during construction, impact on certain tree species/farm

lands, few structures fugitive air pollution, health and safety issues including traffic

management are envisaged.

Activity-7 Identification of impact mitigation measures and enhancement of benefits

The project itself is benefit generating project to the local community and to Osun

state. The project will not have any significant environmental impact and the

mitigation measures for the potential impacts can be readily be made and are

prepared and given in ESMP.


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1.11 REPORT STRUCTURE

The present ESIA report is has been arranged in following chapters.

Chapter- 1 Introduction

This chapter describes briefly the project need, project categorization and

screening and need of ESIA study. The chapter also describes the

methodologies taken in the study

Chapter- 2 Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework

In the chapter the relevant policies and legal framework pertaining to

Environmental protection are discussed

Chapter- 3 Analysis of Alternatives

In this section will describe alternatives that were examined in the course

of developing the proposed project and identify other alternatives which

would achieve the same objectives, including the “without project option”.

Chapter-4 Project Description

A brief description of the project road is given in this section including

description of traffic survey, road condition, proposed alignment and

typical cross sections

Chapter-5 Description of the Project Environment and Social context

This chapter describes baseline environmental status on air, water, soil,

noise and socio-economic information

Chapter-6 Potential Impacts of the Project

This chapter distinguishes between significant positive and negative

impacts, direct and indirect impacts and immediate and long term impacts

Environment and Social Management Plan

ESMP describes the details on management initiative and on the measures to be implemented

during both the construction and operation phases of the project. Three separate ESPs has been

prepared for the three different project road clusters considering the environmental mitigation

measures and environmental improvement required in these clusters. Each of the clusters is

provided with separate ESMP budgets as well.


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Chatper 2 POLICY, REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Amongst the existing pieces of legislations there are a number of national and international

environmental guidelines applicable to the RAMP II project. These are highlighted in this Section.

2.1 POLICY FRAMEWORK

2.1.1 Economic Policy Framework

The Federal Government of Nigeria’s recently adopted National Economic Empowerment &

Development Strategy (NEEDS) clearly defines its medium-term economic reform agenda and

provides an overall policy objective for the country. The policy rests on promoting growth through a

market-based economy with greater private sector participation in the economy and Government’s

role limited to the provision of adequate infrastructure and necessary services.

The implementation of the NEEDS is crucial to the attainment of the country’s Millennium

Development Goals (MDG).

2.1.2 National Policy on the Environment

The stated goal of the National Policy on the Environment is to achieve sustainable development in

Nigeria, and in particular to:

Secure a quality of environment adequate for good health and wellbeing;

Conserve and use the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future

generations;

Restore, maintain and enhance the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the

functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity and the principle of optimum

sustainable yield in the use of living natural resources and ecosystems;

Raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages between the

environment, resources and development, and encourage individual and community participation

in environmental improvement efforts; and

Co-operate in good faith with other countries, international organizations and agencies to achieve

optimal use of trans-boundary natural resources and effective prevention or abatement of trans-

boundary environmental degradation.

2.2 LEGAL FRAMEWORK

In Nigeria, environmental issues were of concern to the Government in the late 1980s. The Federal

Military Government created the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) by Decree No 58

of 1988, and then formalized its functions by Decree No 59 in 1992. The two documents became

known as the FEPA Act. The Agency was created as an integral part of the Presidency with

responsibility for the “protection and development of the environment and biodiversity conservation

and sustainable development of Nigeria’s natural resources”. It became the Agency’s duty to establish

such environmental criteria, guidelines, specifications and standards for the protection of the nation’s

air and inter-state waters as may be necessary to protect the health and welfare of the population

from environmental degradation.

The FEPA Act encouraged States and Local Government Councils to set up their own Environmental

Protection Bodies for the purposes of maintaining good environmental quality in their respective

areas.


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In 1991, FEPA released its Regulations with respect to pollution abatement in industries and facilities

generating wastes and effluent limitation. The text of the Regulations rules that “no industry or facility

shall release hazardous or toxic substances into the air, water or land of Nigeria’s ecosystems beyond

limits approved by the Agency”. Equally, every industry is required to install anti-pollution equipment

for detoxification of effluent and chemical discharges emanating from the industry. Moreover, an

industry or facility shall:

Have a pollution monitoring units within its premises;

Have on-site pollution control; and,

Assign responsibility for pollution control to a person or body accredited by the Agency.

Schedule 1 of the Regulations establishes a list of industries required to control their effluent

emissions and waste water parameters applicable to this industry. Schedule 2 and 3 impose effluent

and gaseous emissions limits.

In 1999, the Government abolished FEPA and created a Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv). At

the same time it also incorporated nine departments from other Ministries. The mandate of the new

Ministry is to co-ordinate environmental protection and natural resources conservation for sustainable

development and specifically to:

Secure a quality of environment adequate for good health and wellbeing;

Promote the sustainable use of natural resources;

Restore and maintain the ecosystem and ecological processes and preserve biodiversity;

Raise public awareness and promote understanding of linkages of environment; and

Co-operate with government bodies and other countries and international organizations on

environmental matters.

The organizational structure of FMEnv is shown in figure 2.1 in next page.


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Figure 2.1: FMEnv Organizational Structure


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2.2.1 Environmental Regulations

Environmental Impact Assessment Act (1992) ACT 86, CAP E12, LFN 2004

The specific mandate for environmental assessment in Nigeria is the Environmental Impact

Assessment Decree No. 86 of 1992. This Decree gives specific powers to the Federal Environmental

Protection Agency (FEPA) now Federal Ministry of Environmental (FME) to facilitate environmental

impact assessments (EIAs) on all new projects in Nigeria and to make an EIA mandatory for new

major public or private sector projects, i.e. any proposed physical work or activity that is likely to

significantly affect the environment.

Section 2 (1) requires an assessment of public or private projects likely to have a significant

(negative) impact on the environment.

Section 2 (4) requires an application in writing to the Agency before embarking on projects for

their environmental assessment to determine approval.

Section 13 establishes cases where an EIA is required and

Section 60 creates a legal liability for contravention of any provision

The EIA Act establishes an EIA process or procedure as illustrated in Figure 2.2:

Forestry Law CAP 55, 1994

Prohibits any act that may lead to the destruction of or cause injury to any forest produce, forest

growth or forestry property in Nigeria.

Prescribes the administrative framework for the management, utilization and protection of

forestry resources in Nigeria.

Regulations Gazetted as supplementary to NESREA Act

National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) Regulations, S. I. No. 12 of 2011

National Environmental (Surface and Groundwater Quality Control) Regulations, S. I. No. 22 of

2011

National Environmental (Protection of Wetlands, River Banks and Lake Shores) Regulations, S.

I. No. 26 of 2009:

National Environmental (Watershed, Mountainous, Hilly and Catchments Areas protection)

Regulations, S. I. No. 27 of 2009

National Environmental (Sanitation and Wastes Control) Regulations, S. I. No. 28 of 2009

National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, S. I. No. 35 of 2009

National Environmental (Control of Bush/Forest Fire and Open Burning) Regulations, S. I. No.

15 of 2011

National Environmental (Protection of Endangered Species in International Trade) Regulations,

S. I. No. 16 of 2011

National Environmental (Construction Sector) Regulations, S. I. No. 19 of 2011

2.2.2 State Legislations and State Ministry of Environment

In order to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and

sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programs,

Osun State has its own State Ministry of Environment. For any development project in the state the

rules and regulations of state ministry of environment are being followed.

Whenever, any ESIA and ESMP project is being taken up in a state of Nigeria, they follow the

prevailing guidelines of the state apart from the umbrella guidelines of the Federal ministry. Similarly


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for the present project, primarily the project will follow the legal, administrative and regulatory

guidelines of State Ministry of Environment, Osun State. This also includes the disclosure requirement

of ESIA and ESMP report both at the state and federal ministry level.

Inter alia, the State Ministry of Environment to give direction to all issues concerning the environment,

monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by

various facilities in the states.

Some of their functions of the State Ministry of Environment include:

(i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better

management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment

(ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance of

environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry

(iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards,

(iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and

(v) Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all

development projects in the State.

The EIA process being followed by the State Ministry of Environment is given in figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2: The flow chart of the EIA process in Nigeria


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2.2.3 Nigerian Environmental Management Act

This act was drafted following the transformation of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency in to

the Federal Ministry of Environment but was never ratified. It repeals the 1988 Federal Environmental

Protection Agency Decree 58 (amended 59 and 14) and establishes the FEPA as part of the Ministry

with the Minister of Environment having primary responsibility for its implementation. It does not

repeal any other environmentally related legislation. As well as the general environmental provisions,

which include environmental sanitation and occupational health, it specifies the powers of authorized

officers and penalties and fines.

Other Relevant Regulations

2.2.4 Land Use Act

The legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act of 1978 and

modified in 1990. The following are selected relevant sections:

Section 1. Subject to the provision of this Act, all land comprised in the territory of each state in the

Federation are hereby vested in the Governor of each state and such land shall be held in trust and

administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in accordance with the provisions of this

Act.

Section 2. (a) All land in urban areas shall be under the control and management of the Governor of

each State; and (d) all other land shall be under the control and management of the local government

within the area of jurisdiction in which the land is situated.

Therefore, according to the Land Use Act, all land in Nigeria is vested in the Governor of each State,

and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of all people. The administration of land

area is divided into urban land which will be directly under the control and management of the

Governor of each State; and non-urban land, which will be under the control and management of the

Local Government. The Governor of each State will have the right to grant statutory rights of

occupancy to any person or any purpose; and the Local Government will have the right to grant

customary rights of occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural, residential and other

purposes.

The Acts gives the government the right to acquire land by revoking both statutory and customary

rights of occupancy for the overriding public interest. In doing so, the Act specifies that the State or

Local Government should pay compensation to the current holder or occupier with equal value.

2.2.5 Applicable International Legal And Administrative Instruments

Some of the relevant international instruments to which Nigeria is a signatory include:

African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1969);

The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Waste, MARPOL, 1972;

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, CITES,

1973;

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage Sites (World

Heritage Convention) 1975;

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1979);

The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, Bonn, 1979;


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The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans boundary Movement of Hazardous Waste and

Disposal, 1989;

The Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992;

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992);

The Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, 1995;and,

Agenda 21 – United Nations Conference on Environment and Development

Nigeria also has obligations to protect the environment through various commitments to the African

Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Commonwealth. It

is also committed through relations with the European Community under the Lome IV Convention.

2.2.6 World Bank’s Environmental And Social Guidelines

The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to

sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harm

to people and their environment in the development process. These policies provide guidelines for

bank and borrower staff in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and

projects.

The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the Bank has

substantially increased as a result of attention to these policies.

The World Bank has operational safeguard policies, which apply to various development projects

which the bank is either implementing or funding. The objective of these policies is to prevent or at

least minimize social environmental risks while increasing socio-economic benefits of approved

projects. The effectiveness and positive impact on development of projects and programs supported

by the Bank has substantially increased as a result of these policies. The Bank’s safeguards policies

include:

OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment

OP 4.04 Natural Habitats

OP 4.09 Pest Management

OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources

OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement

OD 4.20 Indigenous Peoples

OP 4.36 Forests

OP 4.37 Safety of Dams

OP 7.50 Projects in International Waterways

OP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas

The World Bank shares responsibility with the federal and state governments for ensuring that

safeguards aren’t violated. The following policies of World Bank is applicable for the project:

1. Environmental Assessment (OP4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01)

2. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)


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Table 2.1: Applicable World Bank Operational Policies

Operational Policy Brief Description

Environmental

assessment (EA)

World Bank financed projects must be environmentally sound and sustainable.

The type and detail of the EA is dependent on the nature, scale and potential

environmental risks. The safeguard instrument used here is the Environmental

and Social Management Framework (ESMF).

Involuntary

resettlement

People who have to be removed or who lose their livelihood as a result of the

project must be resettled, compensated for all of their losses and they must be

provided with a situation that is at least as good as the one from which they

came. The safeguard instrument applicable under the FRDP is the

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF).


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Chatper 3 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE

3.1 GENERAL

3.2 WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

Analysis of alternatives involves a thorough study of the possible future conditions in the project study

of the possible future conditions in the project area in response to a set of alignment alternatives

without the project or status quo condition.

3.3 WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

Development of transport infrastructural facilities in the project area will result in increased revenue

generation from the agricultural industry, which will lead to enhanced economic growth through non-oil

sector. The project area do have a long duration of rainfall ranging from 4-6 months. During the rainy

season the project roads become really inaccessible and thus without the project this will continue

further which will reduce the economic growth.

With the improvement and up gradation of the road, provision of traffic calming and road safety

measures, and all weather accessibility will increase. Keeping in view the site conditions and the

scope of development of the area, the ‘with’ and ‘without’ project scenarios have been compared as

shown in Table 3.1. By looking at the table it can be concluded that “with” project scenario with

positive/beneficial impacts will vastly improve the environment and enhance social and economic

development of the region compared to the “without” project scenario, which will further deteriorate

the present environmental setup and quality of life. Hence the “with” project scenario with minor

reversible impacts is an acceptable option than the “without” project scenario. The implementation of

the project therefore will be definitely advantageous to achieve the all – round development of the

economy and progress of the region.

Impacts on vegetation are expected during construction. Little increase in the pollution levels of the air

is possible during the construction stage and from the induced traffic during the project operation

stage. Dust and particulate matter during construction will affect the air quality on a short-term basis.

The minor impacts due to air; noise, vegetative cover and soil erosion will be remunerated by

adopting appropriate mitigative measures such as roadside plantation, arboriculture & landscaping,

compensatory afforestation, and providing underpasses and noise barriers.

Table 3.1: With and Without Project Scenario

Component With Project Scenario Without Project Scenario

Siting

The present project is a rehabilitation

of the existing roads. Such

rehabilitation work has a minimum

scope to make siting as the roads are

already existing. However, with the

rehabilitation of the project road the

accessibility to the nearby areas will

increase.

The existing alignment is deteriorated at

many sections due to lack of

maintenance and long rainy days. The

project carriageway varied between 4m

in average and without the project the

improvement work in these roads will

hamper. These roads are the backbone

of village economy in the region and

there is as such no other alternative to

achieve the same objective. Hence if

the road is not developed local

economy will suffer.


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Component With Project Scenario Without Project Scenario

Traffic

The improvement of existing

alignment, drainage structures and

construction of bridges will ease the

movement of traffic and will have

induced traffic for the transportation of

farm products and will also reduce the

vehicle operating cost and travel time.

The present traffic movement in the

existing roads are very few and mostly

2-whellers and few pick up vehicles (as

revealed from public consultation).

Without the project the traffic movement

will not be easier.

Road Design

Based upon traffic assessment the

proposed carriageway has been

proposed as 6m with 1.0m of paved

shoulder on either side of project

road. The design also include proper

road side drain which will help in

draining the rainwater. A standard

gradient will be followed in the project

road which will help in travelling along

the project road.

In few section the project road do have

un even gradients and steep slopes

(example ILESA region) if nothing is

done then the roads are non-motorable

and will be destroyed due to erosion.

Without proper road design and just by

overlaying the existing road it will also

not solve the purpose due to un even

slopes in many sections and it is quite

like to have accidents and high wear

and tear loss for vehicles.

Environmental

Quality

With the up gradation proposal in the

existing road section there are

chances of induced traffic which may

generate some environmental

pollution. However, in most of the

section the project corridor and are

surrounded by thick green vegetation

and hence such pollution are

minimized. However, short term

increase in dust and noise levels

during construction activities will be

there.

Without the project, the roads will be

further deteriorated with the flash flood

and soil erosion. Since there is major

traffic movement at moment hence no

such pollution is there. However, the

soil is loose and generates high

particulate matter after traffic

movement.

Economic

Development

and

Employment

Opportunity

There will be increased access to

nearby markets with the road

rehabilitation work. People can sell

out their farm products easily and loss

of farm products will be reduced.

Further local skilled labour may be

employed during the project

construction stage. Better transport

facilities will lead to access to new

employment centers.

Without the project the economic

growth in the region will hamper and will

become static.

Development

potentials

Higher potential for development in

this region due to improvement in

access and consequent increase in

connectivity

Development activities will be greatly

hampered by the inadequacy of

connectivity.


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Chatper 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The second phase of the project (RAMP II) includes three (3) components which are given below:

Components 1: Rehabilitation of Rural and State Roads

This component would finance rehabilitation works for an indicative 500km of rural roads and state

roads in each of the initial four states (including Osun State) as well as the related design studies and

external supervision activities. The prioritization of roads is based on the following principles:

Road Classification: The project considers mostly local government and state roads link. Federal

roads are excluded.

State of Roads: Links that is inaccessible due to impassable terrain (collapse or damage culverts,

marshy areas) and difficult topographical terrain. The project focuses on recreation of basic

access and on roads in poor state.

Traffic: The project focuses on roads with current average daily vehicle traffic (AADT) of less than

50 vehicles per day (vpd).

Connectivity: The project prioritized feeder roads that link to paved state and federal roads. To

major market places, to areas of medium to high agricultural and mining production potentials.

Environmentally sensitive areas: The project in as much as possible avoids creating

Access to protected areas (national parks; protected forests) to minimize the risk of excessive

logging, illegal hunting, forest clearing (cut and slash burning) for agriculture and to protect Plant

and animal.

The road works will include earthworks, laterite materials, construction of new pipe and box culverts

as well as repairs and extension of existing culverts.

Horizontal Alignments: The improved link will follow existing road alignment. Minor deviations

(short cuts) will be permitted for track reopened to vehicle traffic.

Vertical Alignments: They will follow essentially the existing topography. Only in sections of

excessive gradients minor cuts and fills will be considered. In sections liable to flooding and

marshy areas the road embankment will be raised to a minimum height of + 0.5 m above

maximum water level. Crossing of zones consisting of sub-soils of insufficient strengths (e.g. CBR

< 10: clayey soils). If these zones are limited in length, building up of road embankments on

geotextiles shall be preferred to soil replacement. If such crossings are excessive in length,

alternative and more cost efficient horizontal alignments shall be sought (ridge road).

Components 2: Roads Maintenance and Local Development

This components would finance road maintenance activities on rehabilitated roads and support state

mechanisms for maintenance funding. The models to be use in the maintenance mechanism involve

community-based approach to among others.

Components 3: Capacity Building and Project Administration

This components would finance Institutional Strengthening activities at state level as well as project

administration costs. The components would be split in two subcomponents:

Subcomponents 3.1 (capacity building and project administration in the initial four states

(including Osun State) will be implemented by the State Project Implementation Units (SPIU).

Subcomponents 3.2 (institutional strengthening for other participating states and Federal Project

Management Unit (FPMU) project management costs) would be implemented by the FPMU. This

component could also address capacity building at federal level to improve the sector strategy.


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4.2 PROJECT ROAD

The road section in IWO, Ile-Ife and ILESA region of Osun state has been selected on priority to be

developed for proposed improvement under RAMP-II for proposed rehabilitation work. The existing

carriageway width on average is 4.0m. The capacity of road is uneven and having a deteriorated

pavement condition. The project road sections are shown in Figure 4.1 to 4.3 respectively.

The details of project road and their length details are shown in table 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3.

Table 4.1: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER A

S.No Name of Road Length (Km)

1 F9 Abogimole - Eleru 3.98

2 F15 Agbowu - Idiroko 3.22

3 F16 Eleke - Kanko 3.91

4 F18 Akinleye – Idiroko 3.9

5 F19 Agoro - Ikonifin 11.03

6 F20 Ikonifin – Ajagunlaase 13.65

7 F21 Ajagunlaase – Bode Osi 8.36

8 F22A Akinleye – Aba-Ayo – Isero (FS Road) 13.0

9 F22B Pataara – Ileko – Oba – Odo Omi Road 1 3.45

Total Road length (Cluster-A) 64.5

Table 4.2: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER B


1 C1 Jagun Osin (Osi Junction) - Osi sooko 10.5

2 C2 Osi-Sooko – Elebu (Ara-Osi) 9.5

3 C3 Ara-Osi – Falala (Yimin-Oja) 9.3

4 C4 Alogba (Gbegbeleku Junction) – Owode

(Amu) 10.9

5 C5 Owode (Amu) – Oyere Fadehan 15.1

6 C7 Shasha Forest Reserve Road (Lawoka

Junction – Apoje Junction) 53.87

Total Road Length (Cluster-B) 109.2

Table 4.3: List of Project Roads in Osun State under RAMP-II-CLUSTER C


1 A5 Odoigbo – Iwara 11.73 2 A6 Jabu - Ikeji - Ira 10.1 3 A7 Ira - Ajebandele - Arinmo 3.85 4 A8 Oligeri - Iragbiji - Oniyo 3.2 5 A9 Oniyo – Ogbomoso 11.65 6 A9 Ilesa – Araromi Igbowiwi 6.58 7 A9 Isale – General Hospital – Muroko – Okebode 1.16

Total Road Length (Cluster C) 48.27

Total road length (A+B+C) 222 km


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Figure 4.1: Road Clusters in IWO Region


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Figure 4.2: Road Clusters in ILE-IFE Region


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Figure 4.3: Road Clusters in ILESA Region


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4.3 EXISTING ROAD FEATURES

Terrain: The road runs predominantly through plain and rolling terrain. There are some horizontal

and vertical curves along the project stretch. Steep gradient is also observed in some roads in the

ILESA region.

Settlements: The settlement areas are mostly rural. Some of the main rural settlement along the

project road are: Idiroko, Eleku, Odogbo, Eluru Town, Osi Town, Ajagunlase, Ira village, Owode,

etc.

Carriageway and RoW: The existing carriageway width varies from 4 to 6m. There is no such

defined RoW.

Pavement: The riding quality of Pavement is fair to poor.

Drainage: The general condition of the drainage system is very poor. Sufficient camber was not

there to drain off the water from carriageway surface and the systems become worsen during the

rainy season.

Land use along the project road are mostly farm lands and mixed vegetation.

4.3.1 Traffic Trends

CVC, OD, surveys were carried out as part of traffic survey

Mixed traffic flow is observed along the highway. The average daily traffic along the project

roads ranges between 9-537 vehicles. The maximum part of it is motorcycles.

4.4 PROPOSED ROAD FEATURES

4.4.1 Alignment Proposal

Typical Cross Sections for widening of the project has been developed and given in Figure 3.4. It will

be a two lane alignments, width of each lane is considered as 3.0m.

4.4.2 Shoulder

The proposed shoulder width is 1.0m with a 5% camber.

4.4.3 Side Slopes

Slope of 2 H: 1 V has been adopted for earthen embankment in general filling areas and for cut

section a slope of 1V: 1H has been adopted. Slope beyond Embankment Height of 3.0 is designed for

a side slope of 1.5 H: 1 V.

4.4.4 Design Speed

The proposed design speed is 50-60 kmph. However, to save the building adjacent to road side the

design speed has been kept at lower side at selected locations.

4.4.5 Geometric Design Aspects

All geometric design aspects have been carried out as per the Federal Highway Design

Manual,1, 2008.

The existing profile has been maintained all as far as possible.


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4.4.6 Junction

Improvements have been proposed at major road junctions. 15 junctions are proposed in IFE cluster,

7 junctions in ILESA cluster and 21 junctions in IWO region.

4.4.7 Culverts and Bridges

There are a total of 143 culverts on the project roads. The details are appended below-

Table 4.4: List of Culverts

Type of Culverts Number of Culverts Proposal

Pipe

Cluster 1(IWO) - 13

Cluster – 2(IFE) – 28

Cluster 3(ILESA) – 18

Need Replacements- 123;

Need Extension-17 nos.

Under Construction-2 nos.

Good-1 nos. Box

Cluster 1(IWO) - 37

Cluster 2(IFE) -41

Cluster 3(ILESA) -6

Total Culverts 143

The details list of culverts are given in Annexure-4.1.

Figure 4.4: Typical Cross Section


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4.5 PROJECT SCHEDULE

The total duration for the construction of project roads has been considered as 2 years.

The phase wise distribution of the project schedule is given in table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Project Schedule

Project Phases Activities Duration(months)

Pre-Construction

Clearing and Grubbing of Road land

Dismantling of Structures within ROW

Cutting of trees

Utility Shifting if required

Preparation of Base Camp and Stacking of Material

4

Construction

Earthwork Excavation,

Embankment Preparation,

Preparation of Sub Base,

Preparation of Base,

Preparation of Asphaltic surface course(Applicable for 3

Cluster 3 roads where to prevent erosion),

Construction of Pipe and Box Culverts,

Construction of Lined and Unlined Drain,

Installation of Traffic Signs for Safety of Pedestrian and

Vehicular Traffic

20

Operation

Routine Maintenance

Periodic Maintenance

Emergency Maintenance, if required

Every Year

Every 5 year

If required

4.6 SKILLED AND UNSKILLED LABOUR:

The phase wise distribution of skilled and unskilled labours is given in table 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8.

Table 4.6: Distribution of Skilled and Unskilled labors Cluster-A (IW Region)

Project Phases Labours

Pre-Construction Skilled Labor: 10

Unskilled Labor: 80

Construction Skilled Labor: 30

Unskilled Labor: 150

Operation Skilled Labor: 5

Unskilled Labor: 40

Table 4.7: Distribution of Skilled and Unskilled labors Cluster-B (ILE-IFE Region)



Unskilled Labor: 90



Operation Skilled Labor: 5

Unskilled Labor: 40


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Table 4.8: Distribution of Skilled and Unskilled labors Cluster-B (ILESA Region)



Unskilled Labor: 80



Operation Skilled labor: 5

Unskilled labor: 40

4.7 EQUIPMENTS BEING USED:

The details of the types of equipments to be used for the project is given below:

An approximate list of instrument to be used

1. Excavator 2. Concrete Mixer 3. Dozzer 4. Motor Grader 5. Water Tanker 6. Smooth Wheeled Loader 7. Vibratory Loader 8. Generator 9. Tipper 10. Tractor-Trolley 11. Asphalt Paver 12. Bitumen Pressure Distributor 13. Cooker 14. Air Compressor 15. Mechanical Broom 16. Portable Mixer for Asphaltic Concrete preparation

4.8 LABOUR CAMPS and SIZES:

Considering the project alignments 2 numbers of construction camps are being proposed for each of

the project clusters.

Estimated Size of Each Work Camps: Approximate 100M X30M =3000SQM=0.3 HCT

Facilities in Construction Camp: Laboratory, Site Office, Labour camp, Storage space for Material,

Toilet, Vehicle Parking Area and open space. The open space will be approximately about 30% of the

gross area.

4.9 QUARRY and BORROW AREAs:

The quarry materials required for the project is being available from the nearby regions as given in

table 4.9. The borrow area details are given in table 4.10.

Table 4.9: Details of Quarry Areas

S/N Material Sources Distance

1 Granite Ife/Ibadan 50-100km

2 Laterite Project corridor 5km


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Table 4.10: Summary of Borrow Pits Locations along the project road clusters

Cluster Location Chainage Size Expected

volume

AASHTO

classification

Iwo

Bode Osi- Idiroko 2+000-2+100 100 x 250 18250 A-2-4

Telemu-Ileogbo 3+300-3+400 100 x 375 30000 A-2-4

Ajagunlase-Asa 1+500-1+600 100 x 350 28000 A-2-4

7+000-7+100 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Akinleye-Ajagunlase 4+900-5+000 205 x 375 59962.5 A-2-4

8+400-8+500 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Pataara-Ileeko 1+000-1+100 180 x 325 42120 A-2-4

Agoro-Akinleye 1+000-1+100 200 x 100 20000 A-2-4

8+000-8+100 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Ife

Onikoko-Osi 6+200-6+450 250 x 385 86625 A-2-4

13+200-13+425 225 x 350 64575 A-2-4

23+100-23+350 250 x 372 63240 A-2-4

28+400-28+700 300 x 275 58575 A-2-4

Gbengbeleku-Olomu 9+000-9+100 275 x 300 66000 A-2-4

Lawoka-Araromi

6+000-6+300 300 x 287 62853 A-2-4

14+550-14+650 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

28+000-28+300 300 x 200 48600 A-2-4

Ilesa

Ira Ikeji-Ogbomosho 1+200-1+300 225 x 283 40752 A-2-4

6+300-6+400 200 x 275 37400 A-2-4

Ira – Aradeji 5+000-5+100 275 x 300 61875 A-2-4

Odogbo-Araromi 1+500-1+600 250 x325 59312 A-2-4

Odogbo-Iwara 2+150-2+400 250 x 320 58400 A-2-4

4+500-4+700 200 x 328 45920 A-2-4

Odogbo Junction-

Odogbo Village 4+200-4+600 215 x 325 46117.5 A-2-4

Ijesa-Okebode 6+900-7+000 300 x 275 57750 A-2-4

10+900-11+000 350 x 175 41650 A-2-4


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Chatper 5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION:

5.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF STUDY AREA:

Geographically, Osun state having been carved out of the Old Oyo State on August 27, 1991, the

present –day Osun state, located in the south- western part of Nigeria, covers a land area of

approximately 14,875 square kilometers. In terms of location, Osun State lies between longitude 04

00’E and 05 05’ and latitude 05 558” and 08 07”. The state is bounded in the south by Osun state; in

the North by Kwara state; in the west by Oyo state; and in the East by Ondo and Ekiti states. This

diversity in its boundary delimitations has much positive benefits to exert on its environmental

proximity. The population of Osun State is 3,423,535 (2006) census.

5.2 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE:

There are two seasons annually in Osun state and Nigeria in general, wet season and dry season.

The wet season generally starts from April and extends till October. The dry season last from

November to March and the weathers are hot at this time. The dry season starts with Harmattan – a

dry chilly spell that lasts until February and a dusty atmosphere is brought about by the northeast

winds blowing from the Arabian Peninsula across the hot Sahara desert. The second half of the dry

season (February- March) is the hottest part of the year with temperatures getting to as high as 38

degree Celsius.

5.3 RAINFALL

Rainfall characteristics vary indirectly with latitudinal location but directly with the location of the ITD

and rainy season- initiated winds. The mean annual rainfall varies from 231.75 cm in the southern part

to 206 cm in Osun State, and highest rainfall is usually recorded in the months of July and August.

The weather is always cold between the months of December and February as a result of the

harmattan winds. Onset of rains in the project area is actually supposed to start around February and

March, while cessation is about November. Figure 5.1 shows the trend of rainfall in the area over a

period of 10 years with the lowest of about 14mm recorded in January and December, while the

highest in June with average of 287mm.

Figure 5.1: Rainfall and Temperature Distribution in Osun State (source: NIMET 2010)


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5.4 TEMPERATURE:

Mean maximum ambient temperature values range between 33.84°C in February and 28.8°C in

August, while mean minimum temperatures range between 25.18°C in March and 23.0°C in August. A

quick Overview of the data indicates that higher temperatures were recorded at the peak of the dry

season, between November and May, while lower temperature were recorded in the rainy season,

between June and October. It is obvious that the rains appear to have a moderating influence on

temperatures.

5.5 WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION:

The mean annual wind speed vary between a narrow range of 4.0 and 6.2m/s. Speeds are higher

between July and August, the period of August break. Conversely, at the peak of the rainy season in

September and October, Wind speeds are lowest, measuring between 4.1 and 4.2m/s.

According to the statistics available for the last ten years the prevalent wind directions is south-

westerly. Often the South-Westerly dominates the wetter period of the year in the area while North-

easterlies dominate the drier season.

5.6 RELATIVE HUMIDITY:

Relative humidity is usually in excess of 70%, especially during the peak of the wet season. Highest

values of 78% occur in June to October and the lowest value of 57% was recorded in February.

5.7 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE:

Atmospheric pressure is highest around November with 58.36hpa and lowest in August with

51.83hpa.

5.8 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS:

The soil belong to the highly ferruginous tropical red soils associated with basement complex

rocks. As a result of the dense humid forest cover in the area, the soils are generally deep and

of two types, namely, deep clayey soils formed on low smooth hill crests and upper slopes; and

the sandier hill wash soils on the lower slopes.

The well drained clay soils of the hill crest and slopes are very important, because they

provide the best soils for cocoa and coffee cultivating in the state. The lighter loams are

more suitable for cultivation the local food crops, such as yam, cassava, and maize. Soil

degradation and soil erosion are generally not serious in the state, but considerable hill wash

is recorded along the slopes of the hills.

Soil samples were collected from the each of the project road section. The locations of the soil

samples and photographs of soil sample collection is given in table 5.1 and Figure 5.2.


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Table 5.1: Soil Sampling Locations

S.No. Road Section

1 Odogbo-Iwara

2 Ilesa-Odogbo-Araromi

3 Jabu-Irakeji

4 Ira-Ikeji Ile

5 Oligeri-Iragbiji

6 Onikoko-Osi

7 Elebu-Osi

8 Osi-Falala

9 Forest Reserve

10 Alogba-Owode

11 Eleru Town

12 Agbowu-Idiroko

13 Ajagunlase Town

14 Akinleye-Odo Omi

15 Agoro-Ikonifin

16 Eleke-Kanko

Soil Sample in Odogbo Soil Samples in Shasha Forest Soil Sample in Osi Village

Soil Sample in Eluru-Osi road

section Soil Sample in Ira Village Soil Sample in Ajagulanse

Surface water sample collection

at Ira-Ekeji

Ground water sample

collection at Ira Village

Surface water sample collection

at Odogbo

Figure 5.2: Soil and Water Sampling Locations


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The PH range of the soil sample was 6.29- 6.90 the PH range indicates the soils to be slightly

acidic. The concentrations of nitrates were 36.5-44.3mg/kg and Sulphates were 33.3-43.6 the

chloride concentration were 8.43-13.35mg/kg and other anions were found to be in low/moderate

concentrations. The Soil Sample results are given in Annexure 5-1.

5.9 WATER RESOURCE STUDIES:

Surface and ground water samples were collected in an around the project road areas. The collection

of surface and ground water samples are given in Table 5.2. In-situ quality parameters including

PH, Dissolved oxygen , turbidity and temperature were determined on site, where there were no

source of surface water. Only well/boreholes were close to the Site. Samples were collected and

preserved separately for general water physico-chemical parameters (>4˚c), microbiological

analysis (<4˚c), heavy metals (acidified using nitric acid pH< 2), oil and grease and chemical

oxygen demand (acidified using sulphuric acid pH<2). shows the that pH of the water sample was

slightly acidic is within the required range of (6.5-8.5),temperature (<40˚c), conductivity (NS),

Dissolved oxygen (5ppm), chloride (40mg/1) with their actual values being 6.68-6.97,25.2-27.8˚c,

99-206umhos/cm, and 2.3-3.3ppm respectively. No heavy metals were detected in all the samples

and all other physiochemical. Parameters examined did not exceed the FMENV permissible limits.

The water sample results are given in Annexure 5.2 and 5.3 respectively.

Table 5.2: Surface and Ground Water Sample locations

Location Ground or Surface

Water Samples Location

Ground or Surface

Water Samples

Odogbo SW and GW Eluru SW and GW

Ilesa SW and GW Idiroko pt 1 SW and GW

Arakeji SW and GW Shasha Reserve

Forest SW and GW

Onikoko SW and GW Idiroko pt 2 SW and GW

Osi SW and GW Ikonifin SW and GW

Owode SW and GW Odo-Omi SW and GW

5.10 AIR QUALITY:

In the process of previewing the environmental performance of a proposed developmental project, the

ambient air condition is studied, to monitor air pollutant concentrations. In developing countries, the

“classical” compounds NOx, SOx, CO, H2S, NH3, SPM and VOC are commonly monitored.

During this study, key pollution indices (air pollutants) like SPM (g/m3), CO (g/m3), SO2 (g/m3),

NO2 (g/m3), H2S (g/m3), and NH3 (g/m3) were measured at designated transects, using portable

gas meters. In the present project, as part of knowing the air quality parameters, the following

parameters were monitored and are monitored at designated locations as given in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3: Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Locations

S.No. Sampling Station Station Coordinates

Latitude Longitude

1 Onikoko – Osi Road Lat 7.44054 Long

4.56085

2 Osi – Oluobe NA NA

3 Owode - Alogba Lat 7.8912 Long

4.54025

4 Along Shasha Forest Lat 7.44234 Long


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S.No. Sampling Station Station Coordinates

Latitude Longitude

Reserve road (Ife – Ondo

road)

4.55866

5 Iragbiji road off Ilesa NA NA

6 Odogbo-Iwara road Lat 7.53424 Long

4.72578

7 Odogbo-Ijesa Lat 7.59139 Long4.75432

8 Ilesa – Arakeji road NA NA

9 Idiroko-Akinleye Lat 7.71172 Long 4.079

10 Ikonifin-Ajagunlase road

axis Lat 7.79895

Long

4.14411

11 Ikonifin – Agoro Lat 7.79666 Long

4.14507

12 Eleke NA

The air quality parameters as measured along the various project roads are shown in Figure 4.3.

Recording of SPM and RPM at Odogbo-Ijesa

Recording of SPM and RPM at Idiroko-Akinleye

Respiratory dust sampler equipment

Records of SPM at Onikoko – Osi Road

Figure 5.3: Air Quality Sampling


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The details of the air quality results are given in Annexure 5.4. It has been observed that overall all

the parameters are well within the permissible limits.


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5.11 NOISE QUALITY:

The noise levels were measures in 10 locations in an around the project road. The details of noise

quality assessment are given in Table 5.3 and the noise standards in the region are given in Table

5.4.

Table 5.3: Noise Level around the Project Area

S/N SAMPLING

STATION

SAMPLING STATION

CORDINATE

NOISE (dBA)

Min.

NOISE (dBA)

Max.

1 Onikoko – Osi Road Lat 7.44054

Long 4.56085 41.4 52.8

2 Osi - Oluobe N.A 46.8 52.1

3 Owode - Alogba Lat 7.8912

Long 4.54025 58.2 60.8

4 Shasha Forest

Reserve N.A 40.5 42.3

5 Iragbiji road off Ilesa N.A 53.8 64.3

6 Odogbo-Iwara road Lat 7.53424

Long 4.72578 38.1 47.7

7 Odogbo-Ijesa Lat 7.59139

Long4.75432 45.3 56.6

8 Ilesa – Arakeji road N.A 47.3 52.5

9 Idiroko-Akinleye Lat 7.71172

Long 4.079 41.6 54.6

10 Ikonifin-Ajagunlase

road axis

Lat 7.79895

Long 4.14411 63.3 66.0

11 Ikonifin - Agoro Lat 7.79666

Long 4.14507 53.7 64.3

12 Eleke N.A 43.8 52.1

Table 5.4: Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria.

Duration per Day (hours) Permissible Exposure limit DB(A)

8

6

4

3

2

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.25 or less

90

92

95

97

100

102

105

110

115

Note: Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB(A) peak sound pressure level.

5.12 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT:

The state Osun is covered by secondary forest and in the northern part, the derived savannah

mosaic predominates. Originally, virtually all parts of the state had natural lowland tropical rain

forest vegetation; but this has since given way to secondary forest regrowth due to fuel wood

production, road construction, clay and sand quarrying and traditional farming practices. Human

interference, by way of cocoa plantation, has also replaced the forest. Hence, the natural tree


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species have given way to oil palm (Elacis guinniensis), gmelina and dense thickets. Mature

forests still exist in the Owu forest reserve at the southern part of the state. Part of this high

forest has recently been cleared to make way for forest plantations of Tectona grandis and

Gmelina arborea.

As hunting is an important traditional occupation in the state, the game population of the

state has dwindled considerably. None of the thirty three game reserves in the country is

located in the state, and although there is a forest reserve, it was not established to protect

game. The fauna species found in the state include grass cutter, antelope and bus pig (warthog).

FLORA/VEGETATION

The vegetation along the project road are mostly short grasses and timber grade trees are not

observed just adjacent to project road and trees are not required to be cut down for the base station

to be constructed.

FAUNA

There are wild animals close or around the road clusters to be constructed in Osun state.

Animals found around the locations are poultry animals, goats, and domestic animals.

5.12.1 Tree Counting and Species Identification:

Consultant’s survey team has been deployed to count timber grade trees and economic trees along

the project road within 5m from the edge on either side of project road. The details of species

identification exercise carried out during the ESIA field work is narrated in the below subsections:

IRA-IKEJI (7.40 km) : Ira Ikeji village has a large farm land and cultivation. The lists of the plantation

found within 1km to 2km drive through Ira ikeji road are Kola nut tree, pawpaw plantation, bamboo,

bitter kola, orange, banana etc. The dominant plants are Kola nuts Trees. The road was observed to

sloppy like going down a hill.

SIGNPOST SHOWING IRA-IKEJI IN ORIADE LGA

OF OSUN STATE Bitter Kola tree

ODOGBO-ILESA (Road length 6.58 km) : Odogbo village has a large farm land and cultivation.

The lists of the plantation found within 1km to 2km drive through Odogbo-Ilesa road are Banana,

Mango, Plantain and Palm. The dominant plants are cocoa.


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Banana Plantation Cocoa Plantation

IDIROKO

Idiroko village has a large farm land and settlements are within a km from the road. In one portion

savanna region observed. Also banana and plantation owned by Ajao farm was observed. Shrubs

were found on a large expand of land area. The following are lists of the plantation were found. The

dominant plants are Palm trees, Maize plantation, Cassava plantation, Mango, Yam plantation and

Banana Plantation and Pineapple.

Plantation Along Project Road

Odi-omi town has a lot of shrubs unlike other town in the state. Odi-omi town has a large cultivation

farm land. The lists of the plantation found within 1km drive through Odi-omi road are Banana, Mango,

Cocoa, Cassava, Plantain, Palm and Cocoa. There is palm oil production industry at a section of the

town.


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Shrub Species along the project road

Ajagunlase town has a large farm land. At exactly 1000meters

into the road a settlement of cashew tree were found to sprout

all over. In this region there is a lot of farming activities and few

hunting. The species identified along the project road are Kola

nut trees, Pawpaw plantation, Cashew plantation, Mango trees,

Bitter kola trees, Banana and Orange plantation. Shrubs were

also found on a large expand of land.

Eleru village has a large farm land. In this region there is a lot of farming activities and few hunting.

Shrubs were also found on a large expand of land. The species identifies along the project road are

Cassava Plantation, Palm Tree, Kola Nut Tree, Cashew, Banana, Bitter Kola etc.

Araromi town (Shasha Reserve forest area) has a large farm land. In this region there is a lot of

farming activities and few hunting. Shrubs were found on a large expand of land. Melina tree was

found scatter all over the town. The species identified enroute are Cassava plantation, Palm tree, Kola

nut tree, Melina tree, Banana and bitter Kola trees. Lot of logging wood carrying vehicle identified in

this area.


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5.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT:

5.13.1 Demography

Osun state is spread over a an area of 9,251km2 (3,571.8 sq mi) and based on 2006 national

population headcount, the state has a population of about 3,423,535 people. The major sub-ethnic

groups in Osun State are Ile Ife, Ijesha, Oyo, I bolo and Igbo mina of the Yoruba people. Yoruba and

English are the official languages. Osun state practice Islam, Christianity and Paganism. The

population distribution in the state of Osun is given in Table 5.5.

Table 5.5: Population Distributions in Osun State.

S.No. Local Government Area Population

1 Ifefayo 37,058

2 Iia 62,049

3 Boluwaduro 70,775

4 Odo-Otin 134,110

5 Ifelodun 96,748

6 Olorunda 131,761

7 Irepodun 119,497

8 Orolu 103,077

9 Egbedore 74,435

10 Oshogbo 156,694

11 Boripe 139,358

12 Obokun 116,511

13 Oriade 148,617

14 Ilesha East 106,586

15 Atakunmosa West 68,643

16 Ilesha west 103,555

17 Ede North 83,831

18 Ede south 76,035

19 Ejigbo 132,641

20 Ola Oluwa 76,593

21 Iwo 191,377

22 Ajyedire 75,846

23 Irewole 143,599

24 Isokan 103,177

25 Ajyedaade 150,392

26 Ife North 153,694

27 Ife Central 167,254

28 Ife East 188,087

29 Atakunmosa East 76,197

30 Ife South 135,338

Total 3,423,535

Source: National Population Commission (2006)


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5.13.2 Socio-Economic Activities

Agriculture

The major occupation of the people is faming, both of cash and food crops. Arable farming in the state

engages considerable migrant labour. The land tenure system, originally communal in nature has long

given way to individual tenure. This has considerably constrained access to land for Agricultural and

industrial purposes. For this reason, migrant tenant farmers are able to secure land on which they

grow annual food crops, albeit on a temporary basis.

The food crops are diverse, ranging from yam, rice, maize, beans and cassava to vegetables. The

farming practice is still predominantly rotational bush fallow, except in areas around urban

concentrations where a combination of farmyard manure and fertilizers permit continuous cultivation.

Osun State has considerable hectarage of citrus fruits, especially oranges. The citrus farms are

largely own by private individuals.

Cocoa is a main export crop grows in the state. Indeed, Osun State is second only to Ondo in terms of

cocoa production. Thus, bright prospects exit for cocoa based industries. The farmers also earn

considerable income from exports of cocoa beans. Indeed, farmers in the state benefited from the

SAP cocoa boom of 1986-1990, when the price of cocoa increased astronomically, even when cocoa

was more or less still being grown on existing hectarages.

The high demand for cocoa beans, and the consequent hike in the price per tonne, has been

attributed to the role of foreign business interests in Nigeria, who created that opportunity in order to

repatriate their accumulated earnings outside the country.

Osun State has considerable cover of secondary forest, in addition to the forest reserves and

plantation found in the southern part of the state. As a result, lumbering is an important activity. Saw

mills are scattered all over the state and especially the major urban centres in the lower half of the

state, to utilize the forest resources. Aside from timber, the resources are also utilized for fire wood.

The rich timber resources of the state provide a veritable material base furniture industry.

5.13.3 Industries In Osun

Osun state is yet not highly industrialized, but few of them are noteworthy to mention. Among these

are:

International Breweries Ltd, in Ilesha;

Cocoa Products Ltd in Ede, which together employ over 500, workers.

Considerable presence of the federal government can be felt in the state with this setting up a steel

rolling mill and a machine tools factory in Oshogbo.

These two ventures are large scale, employing over 1,000 workers. Cottage industries are scattered

in many part of the state. With respect to mineral base cottage industries, there are 57 soap making

units, 1 cream making unit, 3 leather work units, 7 textile units, 13 dye units, more than 200,111

weaving industrial units.

Five carving units, one ceramics making unit, fifty-three raffia works units, seven cane works, twelve

foundry works, 157 gold smithing and brick molding. The making of black native soap is widely

practiced by rural women in the state. Tie and dye activity is undertaken only in a few areas notably

Ede, Ola Oluwa, Oshogbo, Okuku and Awo but it is a pre dominantly male activities. Gold and black

smithing is another important mineral based cottage industry that is practiced by men in the state.

Other notable industrial venture in the state are the Adeniran steel and wire industries, rainbow paints,


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plastic and flexible package in llesa; Adeyera industrial company for metal fabrication and plastics

production in lfe, and foam and metal smelting factory in Ejigbo.

5.13.4 Health Care Facilities:

There are some Secondary Health Care Facilities Owned By the State Government in Osun State.

Details of such health care facilities are given in Table 5.6.

Table 5.6: Health Care Facilities in Osun State

S.No. Hospitals in Osun State

1 Comprehensive health centre, Iperindo

2 Comprehensive health centre, Alaka

3 Comprehensive health centre Iwara

4 Comprehensive health centre Osu

5 Comprehensive health centre Ifewara

6 Comprehensive health centre Gbongan

7 Comprehensive health centre ode-omu

8 Comprehensive health centre Ile-ogbo

9 Comprehensive health centre Kuta

10 Comprehensive health centre Otan ayegbaju

11 Comprehensive health centre Igbajo

12 Comprehensive health centre Iresi

13 Comprehensive health centre Iragbiji

14 Comprehensive health centre ire

15 State hospital Ede..

16 Comprehensive health centre Iragberi.

17 Comprehensive health centre Ejigbo

18 Comprehensive health centre Sabo ile –ife

19 State hospital,Oke-ogbo ile- ife

20 Comprehensive health centre Modakeke-ife

21 General hospital, Ipetumodu

22 Comprehensive health centre Edunabon

23 Comprehensive health central Ifetedo

24 Comprehensive health centre Garage olode

25 Comprehensive health centre Oke-ila

26 Comprehensive health centre Ora

27 State hospital, Ikirun

28 State hospital, Orangun

29 State hospital, Ilesa

30 Dental hospital, Ilesa

31 Irepodum comprehensive health centre, ilobu

32 Irewole state hospital, ikere

33 Isokan Comprehensive health centre Apomu

34 Iwo state hospital Iwo

35 Comprehensive health centre Ibokun

36 Comprehensive health centre Esa-oke

37 Comprehensive health centre Okuku

38 Comprehensive health centre Inisa


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5.13.5 Socio-Economic Survey:

During the ESIA study a detailed random Socio-economic sample survey has been carried out in

villages enroute the project road. The details of the villages selected along the project route for the

socio-economic survey. The list of villages selected in the project route for the socio-economic survey

is given in Table 5.7.

Table 5.7: Villages along project route and selected village for Socio-Economic Survey

Village

Numbers Name of Villages Road Cluster

1 Bode Town

A

2 Eleru Village

3 Aru Village

4 IDIROKO Village

5 Patara Village

6 ILEOKO ILEOJA village

7 Aba Ayo Village

8 Ogbomosho oniyo

C 9 Olageri Iragberi Oni

10 Ira-Ikeji Town

11 Arakeji-Jabu-Tawn

12 Ekeredodu Town

B

13 Isoya Village

14 Olurobo Village

15 Esera Village

16 Ajobo Village

17 Osi sooko Town

18 Idoigun Village

19 Ara umisa Village

20 Ara joshua Village

21 Ajabadele Village

22 Bolrunduro Village

23 Abaoba Village

24 Yomin oja Village

25 Gbebeleku Village

26 Yimin oja Village

27 Idiogu Village

28 Olomu Town

29 Ologede Village

30 Amu Village

31 Amu Village

32 Fagbewesa Village

33 Oyere Town

34 Fadehun Village

35 Idiahun Village

36 Agbala Village

37 Elewa Village

38 Agboje Village


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The socio-economic survey was carried out with an objective to capture the following information’

Income and Expenditure pattern;

Holdings of durable commodities;

Details of available facilities like drinking water, electricity and toilets;

Migration pattern for work and purpose of migration;

Health and disease pattern;

Treatment facilities and type of treatment chosen;

Involvement of women in various activities;

Involvement of women in decision making;

Son preference and attitude towards girl child;

Employment status and period of employment;

Coverage under any kind of government scheme for employment generation;

Indebtedness;

Cropping pattern and income from cash crops etc.

The socio-economic survey questionnaire is attached as Annexure-5.5.

5.13.6 Outcome of Socio-Economic Survey:

Expenditure:

Nearly 74% respondents fall within monthly expenditure limit of 20,000 Naira. 9% respondents fall

within monthly expenditure limit of more than 40,000-50,000 Naira as shown in Figure 5.4.

Figure 5.4: Expenditure for Socio-Economic Survey

Durable Commodities:

As part of the survey, questions were asked to the respondents regarding the holding of various

durable commodities. It is observed that most of the respondents do possess the radio/trangister.

Only 30% of the respondents hold television in their possession and more than 60% people possess

motor cycle/scooter. Less than 10% people possess music system. None of the village houses have

L.P.G connection and are mostly dependent on forest wood.

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

Less than 10,000 N10,000-20,000 N20,000 - 30,000N30,000 - 40,000N40,000 - 50,000

Series1


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Figure 5.5: Holding of Durable Commodities

Available Facilities:

Nearly 55% of the population possesses electricity, while drinking water facility is provided to more

than 45% population. However, only 36% populations are reported having availability of in-house

toilet.

Figure 5.6: Available Facilities

Migration:

Nearly 45% of the population migrates few months in a year, mostly during the rainy season. The

trend of migration is mostly for agricultural labour (around 80%). Some also migrate for trade and

business (around 20%).

Health Status:

Malaria is the serious and frequently causing disease in the village population surveyed. It has been

observed that nearly 55% of the population have a case history of malaria.

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

Series1

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Electricity Drinking Water Toilet

Series1


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Treatment:

The treatment facilities provided to various households include Allopathic (64%), followed by

traditional treatment by 36%.

Women Involvement:

Women involvement has been observed in most of the activities except household industries and

services. Women involvement has been observed most in cultivation/farming, household work and

sale of forest/farm products.

Figure 5.7: Women Involvement

Women in Decision Making:

Along the project route villages, it has been observed that women are mostly involved in decision

making. The sectors where women are mostly involved in decision making in:

Financial Matters;

Education to Child;

Health care to child;

Purchasing of any asset;

Day to day activities;

Social functions and marriages;

Local governance

Male are the final decision maker in financial matters, purchase of asset and local governance.

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

Series1


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Figure 5.8: Women and Men in Decision Making

Attitude towards Girl Child:

Most of the people responded in favor of educational facilities for girl child;

Most of the people responded in favor of Health Facilities for girl child; and,

Most of the people responded in favor of equal right on property for girl child.

Figure 5.9: Attitude towards Girl Child

Income Generation Scheme:

Till date no such income generation scheme has been availed by any of the village community.

Indebt ness:

During the survey it has been observed that 36% people have taken debt from the private money

lenders.

Income Pattern:

The major income pattern in the region comes mostly from farm products. Though the respondents

have not clearly indicated their annual or monthly income during the survey, however, from the

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090.00

100.00

Women

Men

82

18

Educational Facilities

Yes No Not responded

82

18

Health Facilities


73

9

18

Equal right on property



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available information it is observed that nearly 27% of population have an annual income of Naira

10,000 or less, and nearly 10% of population earn around Naira 20,000 per month.

There are few cases of very high income families whose earning per month income reaches up to N

80,000-N2,00,000.

5.14 PUBLIC CONSULTATION:

As a part of the project preparation and to ensure that the community support is obtained and the

project supports the felt needs of the people; public consultations were carried out as an integral

component. A continuous involvement of the stakeholders and the affected community was obtained.

The feedback in the consultation sessions will lead to project preparation – including, influencing

designs. Consultations involve soliciting people’s views on proposed actions and engaging them in a

dialogue. It is a two-way information flow, from project authorities to people and, from people to

project authorities.

5.14.1 Objectives:

The main objective of the consultation process is to minimise negative impacts of the project and to

maximise the benefits from the project to the local populace. The objectives of public interaction of

this project are:

Promote public awareness and improve understanding of the local people about the proposed

project;

Assessment of possible requirement of improvements;

Solicit the views of affected communities / individuals on environmental and social problems;

Improve environmental and social soundness;

Inform the affected populace about the entitlement framework and to settle problems with

mutual consent; and

Create accountability and sense of local ownership during project implementation.

5.14.2 Consultation Level and Stages

As part of the project, the consultations are considered at following stages:

Levels Stages of

Consultation Stages Target Group

Village/Community

Level 2

During ESIA and After

draft ESIA Local Community

Institutional Level 3 During ESIA, after draft

ESIA and after final ESIA

SPIU, Forest

officials, State

Ministry of

Environment

5.14.3 Consultation during the ESIA Preparation.

A total of 13 such consultation program has been finalized after discussion with the SPIU, Osun State

including questionnaire for the same. The locations of such consultation, are strategically chosen

combing few of the village roads together. The details of consultation location, dates of consultation

are shown in Table 5.8.


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Table 5.8: Details of Public Consultation

S.No Road

Cluster Road Section

Location of

consultation

Dates of

Consultation Target group

1

C (ILESA

Region)

At Odogbo 22.03.2012

Farmers, local residents

and people acceding the

present road

2

Jabu - Ikeji-Arakeji-Ira

At Ira 22.03.2012

Farmers, local residents

and people acceding the

present road

Oligeri - Iragbiji

3 Isale GH – Muroko-Ila-

Isolo-Ijesa-Okebode At Ilaa village 14.03.2012

Local Residents, farmers,

prince and head of youth

and other locals who

access the project road.

4 B (ILE-IFE

Region)

Onikoko - Osi

At Osi 22.03.2012

Local Residents, farmers,

prince and head of youth

and other locals who

access the project road.

Elebu - Osi

Osi - Falala

5

Alogba - Owode

Owode 23.03.2012

B (ILE-IFE

Regional)

Owode - Oyere

Fadahan

6

Shasha Native

Authority Forest

Reserve Road

Shasha

Reserve forest

Authority and

local people

25.03.2012

Forest Personnel, Local

Residents, farmers, prince

and head of youth and

other locals who access

the project road.

7

A (IWO

Region)

Abogimile - Eleru Eluru 23.03.2012

8 Agbowu - Idiroko

Idiroko 23.03.2012 Akinleye - Idiroko

9 Eleke 23.03.2012

10 Agoro - Ikonifin

Isero village 15.03.2012 Ikonifin - Ajagunlase

11 Ajagunlase - Bode Osi Ajagunlase 23.03.2012

12

Akinleye-Odo-omi-

Aba-Ayo-Isero Odo 23.03.2012

Patara-Ileko-Oba-Odo-

omi-Road 1

13 Any Local Market 25.03.2012 Villagers, Traders, Market

controllers etc.

5.14.4 Consultation at ILA Village:

Ila village is located at Isale GH – Muroko-Ila-Isolo-Ijesa-Okebode in road section in cluster C ILESA

Region.

The target group of consultation was villagers and farmers. Consultation was conducted by SPIU

officials and ESIA/ARAP Consultants. The date of consultation was on 14.03.2012. The outcome of

the public consultation details are given in Table 5.9. The details of public consultations are given in

Annexure 5.6.


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Figure 5.10: Public Consultation at ILA Village


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Table 5.9: Outcome of Public Consultation at ILA Village

S.No Issues Discussed Outcome

1

How do you access the rural road and what are the mode of

transport and their frequency/numbers.

The rural road is being accessed at mostly during the dry season. Bus, minibus, cabs;

pick up vans and timber logging trucks come in during the dry season only. During the

rainy season the road is not movable due to water logging and muds.

2

Why there is a need for the development of rural road? /Explain

various benefits?

In rainy season there is no mobility along the road. If the road dis developed throughout

the year products can be sold in the market and there will be no loss during the rainy

season. For example April to August/September Cocoa begins to come out and due to

rain and immobility lot of losses of incurred. With the project road such losses will be

reduced.

3 Average daily traffic in the road? Some of the minibuses and pick up vans visit the area to a total of 20 vehicles per day

and 10 logging trucks. During market days nearly 50 vehicles ply along the project road.

4 Total Population No specific idea was given

5

Where the nearest local market is and how much time it does take

in average to reach to the local market with the present condition

of rural road?

10 Km away. During dry season it taken 40 minutes to reach the market through

vehicles/pick up vans. However during the rainy season is worst and takes longer times.

6 Are there any accident issues in the present road? Nil

7

What are the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it

requires o reach the nearest hospital through the present rural

road?

Travel time to nearest hospital is 30 minutes

8 What is the nearest primary/secondary school to the community

children and how much it takes to reach school?

Primary school is nearby and ILS secondary school is at 15 minutes distance. For higher

studies people go outside.

9

Is there any incidence of wild animals coming in the community or

crosses the rural road?

Till date no.

10 Is there any migratory route of wild animal exists crossing or along

the rural road? No

11

The project road may have certain impacts on the farm lands

belong to community. Are you willing to give land for the sake of

the development?

All agreed

12 The project road development may require some loss of trees/

crops. What is expectation for the same? It may happen but for the sake of the road rehabilitation and development all agreed.


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Outcome of Public Consultation:

People are in favor of the project;

People are willing give their land and structures for the sake of the project;

The project road in rainy season are un movable and hence development is required;

The road development will improve the opportunity lost during the rainy season and local

markets can be easily be accessed.

No rare and endangered flora and fauna species are reported also the project road is not

being used as any migratory route by wild animals;

The improved road condition will help the women in carrying the farm products to the local

market as well in fetching water from long distance for their family.

5.15 CONCLUSION:

From the meeting with Osun state SPIU officials, officials of Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria,

Site visit to project cluster roads, Public consultation and review of the existing policy and legal

framework of Nigeria pertaining to ESIA and World Bank’s safeguard policies it may be concluded

that:

The project is a rural road rehabilitation project with an objective of maintaining the same for

future years;

The project improvement work will have maximum benefit to the local villagers for transporting

their farm products and minimizing their opportunity lost;

In prima facie the project roads are not located in any kind of Environmental Sensitive areas as

per the guidelines of FEPA and World Bank except the road section through Shasha Native forest

road (53 km). The sensitivity of this road section has been checked and it has been understood

that the only the existing road will be developed in this section and sufficient RoW is available

here. Hence no such additional impact expected except for few tree cutting. Compensatory

afforestation of 2 trees for each tree cutting has been considered and adequately being budgeted

in the ESMP for the ILE-IFE section.

The Project is being considered as Category-II.

The existing project road is of 4m-6m width. The proposed proposal is for 6 m which will be done

on the existing road alignment. Very few structures are observed along the project road and these

are sufficient distance considering the proposed Right of Way (RoW) for the project. Hence the

chances of involuntary resettlement are less in this project.

Care shall also be taken to minimize the impact on cultural resources like church etc.

No such Archaeologically important places are going to be affected as part of the project;

No rare or endangered flora and fauna species are found in the project roads visited during the

site visit.

No such migratory route of wild animal is also reported.


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Chatper 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This Chapter contains summary of impacts that are likely to result from the project as a result of the

interaction between various project components and environmental elements. The method of impact

identified and evaluated is also given in this chapter. The public consultation was carried out between

14.03.2012 and 25.03.2012 at 13 locations at various sections of the project road.

6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE:

During the initial site visit to the project site between 13.03.2012 and 15.03.2012 some important

project road sections were visited to identify the major Environmental and Social factors as per the

guidelines of WB and ESMF developed for Osun State. The factors which were looked into include:

6.2.1 Environmental Factors:

• Sensitive areas, natural habitats, other state declared sensitive areas

• Felling of trees/Clearance of vegetative cover

• Loss of productive agricultural land

• Cuts across perennial streams or surface water bodies

• Vulnerability to natural hazards, landslides/slips, soil erosion and,

• Environmental features as wet lands, protected ground water zone, etc.

6.2.2 Social Factors:

• Land availability

• Loss of structures

• Loss of livelihood

• Impacts on common property resources

The outcome of the Environment and Social Screening is given in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening

Environmental Factors Outcome

Sensitive areas, natural habitats,

other state declared sensitive

areas

In IWO and ILESA region there is no sensitive areas as

such, only in ILE-IFE section few section of the project road

is passing through Shasha native forest which is a protected

areas. However the road in this section will be strengthened

as per the existing alignment only and no additional impact

is envisaged.

Felling of trees/Clearance of

vegetative cover

There are vegetative covers, bushes all along the project

route. The development of the project would involve

clearance of some of the vegetative cover.

Loss of productive agriculture land

No such agricultural land are so observed, however farm

lands are there along the project road. As such no major

impacts on farm land are expected as there are bushes

along the project road as buffer for 2-3 m in general from the

edge of existing roads. However, in few sections such

impacts could be there.

Cuts across perennial streams or

surface water bodies

The project road in different clusters crosses few streams

and surface water bodies. Due to rainfall and to avoid water


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Environmental Factors Outcome

logging raised levels of roads are suggested in design.

Adequate cross drainage structure are required.

Vulnerability to natural hazards,

landslides/landslips and soil

erosion

Project roads are mostly in plain terrain except in selected

section in ILESA region where some undulating terrain has

been observed. This section of the project road is at present

prone to soil erosion. Proper drainage planning to be

undertaken in this section.

Environmental features such as

wetlands, protected ground water

zone

During the site visit, discussion with local people existence

of such zone is not observed.

Land Availability

During the site visit, it has been observed that there exists

ample

land along the project road.

Loss of structures

Very few structures are expected to be demolished as part

of the project. For the overall improvement of 222km roads

about 25 structures are expected to be demolished, i.e. of

0.1 structure /km.

Loss of livelihood

Due to the improvement of the project loss of some farm

land is expected and hence some impact on livelihood is

expected.

Impact on common property

resources Almost negligible along the project route.

Positively, the project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts.

Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in

which the project is designed to meet its objectives. The project beneficiaries are the population of

poor rural communities living aside from the roads. These rural communities rely almost exclusively

on agriculture and livestock for their subsistence. A significant part of the agricultural works is

performed by women. The lack of all-weather rural roads currently severely constrains the access of

these communities to economic opportunities (agricultural inputs, markets, rural-urban linkages) but

also to social services (health and education). This scenario is expected to change for the better with

the proposed project.

Considering the above positive impacts and potential negative impacts envisaged during the

screening study, the project may be categorized as Category B project.

6.3 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AS PER ESMF:

As part of preparation of ESMF document for RAMP-II, the preliminary environmental impacts were

identified. Further, various social benefits like economic benefit, employment generation, social

services, travel and transport, enhanced gender opportunities, fuel economy and reduced pollution.

The details are given in Figure 6.1.


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Figure 6.1: Potential Environment and Social Impact as per ESMF, RAMP-II

6.4 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT IN THE PROJECT:

Table 6.2: Potential Negative Impact

Sr.

No Envisaged Activities Potential Impact

A Construction

1

Site clearing and/or

leveling

(Plants and wildlife)

Impact on road side vegetation, bushes and farm lands;

2

Use of heavy

equipment and

hazardous

materials

Cause erosion due to machinery tracks, damage to roads,

stream banks;

Compact soil, change surface and groundwater flows, and

adversely affect future use for agriculture

Contaminate ground or surface water when hydraulic oil,

motor oil or other harmful mechanical fluids could be spilled

or dumped

Put workers at risk from exposure to hazardous materials

3

Construction

camp and crew

Damage local habitat, compact soil, and create erosion via

building and occupation of construction camp

Contaminate surface water and spread disease via solid

waste and faeces generated by camp Spread communicable

diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS via

construction crew who come from outside the region

Introduce alcohol or other socially destructive substances via

construction crew

Adversely affect local flora and fauna (especially game and

fuel wood) via poaching and collection by construction crews

Generate trash due to lack of solid waste management

4 Storing

materials

Deplete water resources

Damage valuable ecosystems and habitats

5 Material Damage aquatic ecosystems through erosion and siltation


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Sr.


extraction:

quarrying,

logging

Harm terrestrial ecosystems via harvesting of timber or other

natural products

Spread vector-borne diseases when stagnant water

accumulates in active or abandoned quarries or borrow pits

and breeds insect vectors

Take land out of other useful production

Make quarry a safety hazard

Cause erosion and siltation in streams mined for gravel

Pollution, disturbance and danger from quarry operations

Safety risks from abandoned quarries or borrow pits

Land seriously disturbed or lost from production

Quarries continue to be used by unauthorized persons

6 Water management Scour and erosion below unprotected drainage out falls

Disruption of drinking or irrigation water

7 Spoil disposal

High volume of waste/spoil

Spoil tipped away from designated areas

Spoil failing or being washed on the farmland

8

Slope

stability/Excavation,

cutting, and filling

Landslides or other forms of mass instability on slopes

Development of erosion or gullying

Road crosses major areas of deep- seated instability

Cause erosion, siltation, changes in natural water flow, and

damage to aquatic ecosystems when excavated soil is piled

inappropriately

Expose inhabitants and crew to risk of falls and injuries in

excavation pits

Block water courses when fill is inappropriately placed

Destroy valuable ecosystems when fill is inappropriately

placed

Cause land subsidence or landslides when fill is

inappropriately placed, causing injuries and damages

Degrade water quality

Alter hydrology

9 Compacting

Deplete freshwater resources

Improve road material performance

10

Blasting

Cause soil erosion

Degrade water quality workers and others from

Alter hydrology


11 Drainage

Cause soil erosion


Alter hydrology


12 Traffic hazards.

Increased vehicular speed that could lead to significant

increases in accident rates for both human and animal

populations.


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Sr.


13 Road works

hazards.

Operation of machinery endangers both operators and

laborers

Poorly planned borrow pits and quarries pose threats,

ranging from falls from quarry faces to drowning in quarry

pits that have become standing water reservoirs

14 Change local

culture and society.

Socio-cultural values may be altered and the stability of

communities adversely affected by

Exposure to rapid social change or tourism.

15 Land use/Land take Houses may be removed

Loss of agricultural land/farm land

16

Graveyards and

Sacred Areas

Graveyards, burial plots and sacred areas located adjacent

to the project roads may be affected either through: (i)

physical intrusion; (ii) excessive drainage from the road onto

the graveyard, causing flooding; or (iii) potentially unwanted

public access to sacred sites.

17 Chance Finds of

Cultural Resources

Excavation may reveal archaeological or other valuable

cultural resources which could be physically damaged from

construction activities.

18 Involuntary

Resettlement

Displacement due (i) affected persons living or engaged in

livelihood activity within the right of way; or (ii) for technical or

safety reasons, the road departs from the existing alignment

and affects persons living or engaged in livelihood activities

with the altered right of way.

19 Utility Disruptions Construction activities and the need to realign utility supply

lines

20 HIV/AIDS and other

diseases.

Road crew members from other geographic areas can

spread various health problems, especially

HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), to

local populations.

21 Public Safety and

Health

Injury/accident due to lack of warning signs, site barricaded

and safeguards

Exposure to atmospheric emissions from construction

equipment

Exposure to excessive and continuous noise and vibration

from construction activities

22 Occupational Health

and Safety

Accidents from operation of construction equipment

Accident due to disorganized site

B Road Operation and Maintenance

1

Road

maintenance

Create gullies and standing pools

Create mud holes, potholes

Breed disease vectors in settling basins and retention

ponds

Remove ruts, potholes, wash boarding, and standing

water

2

Use and

maintenance

of equipment

(See “Use of heavy equipment and hazardous materials”

above)

3 Road surface is Cause soil erosion


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Sr.


below grade of

surrounding


Alter hydrology

4

Road is steeply

sloped and

eroding

Cause soil erosion


Alter hydrology

5 Deteriorated

road surface

Cause erosion

Damage vehicles

C Decommissioning

1

Break up old road

surface and soil,

etc.

Cause soil erosion


Damage valuable ecosystems and habitat

6.4.1 Physical Environment

Meteorological Parameters

The project involves only strengthening of existing rural roads and the proposal is for earthen roads

only. Therefore the chances of change in macro and micro climate is very less. However, some tree

felling and clearance of vegetation will be there which may slightly increase the micro-climate by

increasing temperature.

Mitigation Measure:

Green belt development and tree plantation shall be undertaken @ 2 tree for the number of trees

being cut and will be maintained for 5 years till growth. Such tree plantation will restore the micro-

climate of the region

Physiography

Road construction activities involve certain alternation in the local physiography and drainage

patterns. The impacts on physiography may include destabilization of slopes due to cut and fill

operations. Cut-and-fills will be designed for improvement to the road geometry, and parallel cross

drainage structures will be added to improve drainage. Such impacts are mostly envisaged in ILE-IFE

and ILESA clusters where the terrain is rolling and steep in few sections. Such impacts are not

envisaged in IWO region where the terrain is generally flat. There could be impact on topography as a

result of accelerated erosion on the cut-profiles in selected steep terrain sections.

Mitigation Measures:

Incorporating appropriate type of treatments of slopes has reduced the potential for erosion of high

embankments and culvert area filling. The soil is assumed to have an angle of repose corresponding

to 1V: 2H. Slope protection is normally required only for slopes steeper than this. The side slopes

gentler than this will be turfed with shrubs and grasses

Quarries and Crushers

The excavation of quarries and borrow pits used for obtaining rocks, soil and aggregate materials for

road construction can cause direct and indirect long - term adverse impacts on the environment. A

major source of dust during the construction stage is from stone crushing operations from the crusher

and the vibrating screen. The dust, in addition to being a health concern also reduces visibility thereby

increasing safety concerns. As no new quarry needs to be opened for this project (majority of the

material shall be from cut operations, reuse of old materials and existing quarries within the site itself),


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therefore, no new impacts are likely to arise due to quarrying operations. A properly enforced ESMP

could improve the working conditions of workers in the existing quarry areas selected for the project.

The expected sources of quarries and crushers are given below:

S/N Material Sources Distance

1 Granite Ife/Ibadan 50-100km

2 Laterite Project corridor 5km

Mitigation Measure:

Existing quarries that are already in operation with the required environmental certification is

recommended for this project, and no new quarries have been proposed. The existing quarries are

suitable for the requirement of coarse and fine aggregate required for the road works.

In case the contractor decides in opening up of new quarries for the project, he shall take permission

of Independent Engineer and Environ & Social Safeguard Specialist of SPIU (Osun State) and should

follow the instructions / procedures as laid out in Annexure 1.1: Guidelines for New Quarry

Management of ESMP. For all existing quarries from where the concessionaire may source his

supply of aggregates, Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management of ESMP shall

be followed. After the completion of quarry operation the contractor shall rehabilitate the quarry area

and should follow the guideline laid down in Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Quarry

and Borrow Areas of ESMP.

Borrow Pits

Borrowing of earth is required for the embankment fill material, and for the construction of the

pavement.

The borrowing of earth will be carried out as per the standard engineering guidelines and hence no

major impact is envisaged and productive agricultural areas will be avoided for borrowing earth.

However, if not treated properly after the borrowing is complete, can form stagnant pools and pose

health hazards to prevent which redevelopment of borrow areas need to be worked out. List of borrow

pits identified for the project corridors is given in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Summary of Borrow Pits Locations along the project road clusters


volume

AASHTO

classification

Iwo

Bode Osi-

Idiroko 2+000-2+100 100 x 250 18250 A-2-4

Telemu-

Ileogbo 3+300-3+400 100 x 375 30000 A-2-4

Ajagunlase-

Asa

1+500-1+600 100 x 350 28000 A-2-4

7+000-7+100 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Akinleye-

Ajagunlase

4+900-5+000 205 x 375 59962.5 A-2-4

8+400-8+500 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Pataara-Ileeko 1+000-1+100 180 x 325 42120 A-2-4

Agoro-

Akinleye

1+000-1+100 200 x 100 20000 A-2-4

8+000-8+100 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

Ife

Onikoko-Osi 6+200-6+450 250 x 385 86625 A-2-4

13+200-13+425 225 x 350 64575 A-2-4

23+100-23+350 250 x 372 63240 A-2-4


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volume

AASHTO

classification

28+400-28+700 300 x 275 58575 A-2-4

Gbengbeleku-

Olomu 9+000-9+100 275 x 300 66000 A-2-4

Lawoka-

Araromi

6+000-6+300 300 x 287 62853 A-2-4

14+550-14+650 250 x 300 53250 A-2-4

28+000-28+300 300 x 200 48600 A-2-4

Ilesa

Ira Ikeji-

Ogbomosho

1+200-1+300 225 x 283 40752 A-2-4

6+300-6+400 200 x 275 37400 A-2-4

Ira – Aradeji 5+000-5+100 275 x 300 61875 A-2-4

Odogbo-

Araromi 1+500-1+600 250 x325 59312 A-2-4

Odogbo-Iwara 2+150-2+400 250 x 320 58400 A-2-4

4+500-4+700 200 x 328 45920 A-2-4

Odogbo

Junction-

Odogbo

Village

4+200-4+600 215 x 325 46117.5 A-2-4

Ijesa-Okebode 6+900-7+000 300 x 275 57750 A-2-4

10+900-11+000 350 x 175 41650 A-2-4

Mitigation Measure:

Adequate compensation shall be paid to the vegetation required to be uprooted from the borrow areas

For the economic trees. Further, contractor shall rehabilitate the borrow area after completion of

borrowing earth as per the guidelines laid down in Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Rehabilitation of

Quarry and Borrow areas as given in the respective ESMP reports.

Construction Camp and Crew:

As part of the project construction camps will be located at 2 identified locations for each of the project

clusters. The construction schedule is for 24 months, of which pre-construction si for 4 months and

rest 20 months will be for construction stage. The involvement of construction crews in the project for

each cluster is given below:



Unskilled Labor: 80



Operation Skilled labor: 5

Unskilled labor: 40

The possible impacts from the construction camps and crews are:

Chances of damage to local flora/fauna, chances of erosion via building and occupation of

construction camp

Contaminate surface water and spread disease via solid waste and faeces generated by

camp Spread communicable diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS via

construction crew who come from outside the region


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Introduce alcohol or other socially destructive substances via construction crew

Adversely affect local flora and fauna (especially game and fuel wood) via poaching and

collection by construction crews

Generate trash due to lack of solid waste management

Mitigation Measure:

Construction camps will be constructed at place which are away from nearby settlement or

habitation at least 500m away and shall be placed preferably in a plane area to avoid cutting

and erosion.

Project requires significant involvement of unskilled labour during pre-construction,

construction as well as during operation stage. These unskilled labours may be sourced from

local villages/settlements. From the socio-economic survey, it reveals that villagers take

seasonal migration to seek employment. Hence, the project during the pre-construction and

construction stages alleviate seasonal migration and in-migration of construction work force to

some degree.

The skilled labour can be rotated in terms to make them available meet with their family

members (back home) to minimize the chances of their mixing with the project village women

and thereby minimizing the chances of spreading the HIV/AIDs.

The camps will be provided with proper sanitation, waste disposal and drinking water facility

to minimize impact on environment;

Camps shall be provided with fuel facility to avoid impact on vegetation;

Hunting of local animals shall be strictly prohibited and guideline will be given to contractor in

this regard.

Soil Erosion:

The removal of roadside vegetation and increased run-off may lead to erosion to productive soil.

Especially in project regions where the rainy season lasts for 4-6 months in average. The direct

impact of erosion is the loss of embankment soil and danger of stability loss for the road itself. This

impact is generally restricted to the ROW. The project has taken care of this issue at the engineering

design stage itself, the slopes of the embankments are perceived to be stable for all stretches of road.

The steep and rolling terrain sections in the project road clusters i.e. in ILESA and some portions in

ILE-IFE section the soil erosion chances are higher especially during the movement of heavy

equipments and vehicles along these roads. Proper slope protection measure, silt fencing for

collection of eroded material and regular maintenance of project road is very important.

Mitigation Measure:

Incorporating appropriate type of treatments of slopes has reduced the potential for erosion of high

embankments and culvert area filling. The soil is assumed to have an angle of repose corresponding

to 1V: 2H. Slope protection is normally required only for slopes steeper than this. The side slopes

gentler than this will be turfed with shrubs and grasses.

Further asphalt roads are proposed at areas of very high erosion and cutting sections in ILESA

region as given below:


1 A7 Ira - Ajebandele - Arinmo 3.85 2 A8 Oligeri - Iragbiji - Oniyo 3.2 3 A9 Oniyo – Ogbomoso 11.65


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Productive Top Soil

Efforts have been made to minimise the intake of productive lands. To conserve the productive top

soil the following measures have been proposed:

The topsoil from all areas of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing top soil.

The stockpile shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal), and the height of the pile be restricted to 2m. To retain soil and to allow percolation of water, silt fencing shall protect the edges of the pile.

The stockpiles shall be covered with gunny bags or tarpaulin.

Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. Residual topsoil will be distributed on areas as identified by contractor and approved by the Independent Engineer in a layer of thickness of 75mm - 150mm. Top soil shall also be utilised for redevelopment of borrow areas, landscaping along slopes, incidental spaces etc,

Soil Contamination:

Due to movement of heavy vehicles and discharge of lubricant oil, hydraulic oil, motor oil etc. chances

of soil contamination is there during the project construction stage. Additionally, sanitation waste and

solid waste from construction crew camp may also leady to certain soil contamination impact.

Mitigation Measure:

Potential Impact Mitigation Measure

Soil Contamination

due to accident spills

An emergency response team to be created. The team shall contain

members of the district and police administration and also have specialist

in remediation. Responsibility of SPIU to inform the team to take actions for

any kind of such spillage. However, chances of such spillage is very less

as these are village roads only and do not expect any kind of hazardous

chemicals/flammable materials to be transported through these roads.

Operation of

residential facilities

for labour camps,

Vehicle parking areas

During Construction, vehicle parking area will be made impervious using 75

mm thick P.C.C. bed over 150 mm thick rammed brick bats. The ground

will be uniformly sloped towards to adjacent edges towards the road. A

drain will take all the spilled material to the oil interceptor.

Proper sanitation facilities shall be given in construction camp in the form of

septic tank and soak pit so that the untreated sewage is not disposed into

land.

Air Quality:

The baseline air quality as measured during the project study period March 2012, it has been

observed that the air quality is well within the permissible limit for all the parameters. The air quality is

like of a pristine quality at moment. However, with the proposed road up gradation and strengthening

work some impact on air quality is envisaged which is given below:

Generation of dust from operation of crushers and haul road operations. The major impacts will

be on construction crews and to surrounding habitation;

Generation of exhaust gas from the movement of construction traffic during construction stage;

and,

The project envisaged increase in induced traffic with the improvement of road. This would

increase some dust and exhaust gas generation during the operation stage of the project as well.


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Rural Development

Mitigation measures:

Generation of Dust

Water will be sprayed during construction phase, in earth handling sites, asphalt mixing sites and

other excavation areas for suppressing fugitive dust.

Special care will be taken when working near educational institutions and health centers.

The Stone crusher plant, batching plant to be located sufficiently away from settlement towards

downwind direction as per the guidelines of Osun State Ministry of Environment.

Gaseous Pollution:

All the Construction vehicles and machineries will be regularly maintained to conform to the

emission standards as prescribed by the state ministry of Environment/FMEnv.

All the DG sets (if used) will conform to the emission standards as stipulated under FEPA Act and

standards of FMEnv.

Care shall be taken to check that the vehicles being used in construction do not idle.

Ambient air quality will be monitored as per environmental monitoring program during construction

phase. Corrective action will be taken if results found deteriorating.

Water Resource:

No water table was encountered along the roads during the course of the investigation except for

surface water along the roads after rain. However, the roads have been raised during design

adequately enough to prevent water seepage into the pavement structure and adequate hydraulic

structure such as culverts and drainages have been provided at stream crossing to regulate the flow

of water.

The project designs include improvement in road geometry which may require raising the road and

embankment level in few sections. This would requires the facilitating the cross drainage structures

and improvement of the same. The project does not envisage having any impact on ground water

resources. The potential impacts are listed in Table 6.4.

Table 6.4: Like Impact on Water Resource

Impacts Due to Construction Indicators

Loss of water bodies Areas of water bodies impacts

Alteration of drainage, run-off etc. No. of cross drainage channels

Use of water supply for construction Quantum of water use

Contamination from fuel and lubricants Nature and quantum of contaminators

Contamination from improper sanitation and

waste disposal from construction crew camp

Area of camp / disposal site and proximity to

water

bodies / channels


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Rural Development

Mitigation Measure:

Mitigation measures will include contractual obligations for relocation of sources of water supply at

locations desired by the host community, provision of balancing culverts of adequate capacity where

the level of the formation is being raised, and provision for adequately sized drains to prevent flooding

etc. All these measures form a part of the good engineering practice and should be part of the design

drawings themselves.

To ensure efficient flow of surface water and to prevent water logging along the side of the roads, adequate size and number of cross-drainage structures have been provided.

Provision of lined drains at settlement areas and high erosion prone areas are considered.

In addition to the above design requirements, the contractor shall ensure that during construction work

the following are taken care of:

Construction work near stream and other flowing water body have to be carried out in such a way that flow of water is not blocked and even if it has to be blocked then the contractor must ensure that the local communities are informed about the same in advance. Work near the water bodies should be carried out in dry season to avoid shortage of water,

Flooding of local drainage channels,

Measures to ensure that remnants from earthwork, stonework and other waste material do not hinder the cross-drainage of streams;

In sections of the road near to watercourses or cross-drainage channels, the construction material waste would be disposed of in a manner not to block the flow of water.

To maintain efficient storm water flow, the roadside drains will be cleaned regularly, especially before the rainy season.

Water Quality:

Water sources including flowing and stagnant water sources are likely to be contaminated due to

activities such as setting up workers camp near water sources or transportation of construction

material such as sand, borrow material etc. without covering it. Due to tree felling soils around the

water bodies and surface drainage channels will be exposed during the pre-construction stage, during

which, the suspended sediments and the associated pollutants can be washed in to these water

sources.

Further, construction of culverts also may some impacts on the stream course due to spillage of

construction debris. However, a proper implementation of ESMP along the project site and stream

course will significantly reduce such impact.

Mitigation Measure:

The discharge standards promulgated under the FEPA and the standards provided by State Ministry of Environment (Osun State) will be strictly adhered to.

Construction work close to the streams or water bodies must be avoided during the rainy

season;

The fuel storage and vehicle cleaning area shall be stationed at least 500m away from the

nearest drain / water body;


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Rural Development

The slope of the embankments leading to water bodies shall be modified and re-channelled to prevent entry of contaminants into the water body;

Provision of silt fencing and oil interceptors the details of which are given below:

Silt Fencing Oil Interceptor

Noise Levels:

Though the level of discomfort caused by noise is subjective, there is a definite increase in discomfort

with an increase in noise levels. Road noise depends on factors such as traffic intensity, the type and

condition of the vehicles plying on the road, acceleration / deceleration / gear changes by the vehicles

depending on the level of congestion and smoothness of road surface. The project roads at present

do have very traffic load <50 vehicles per day. The baseline noise as measured during the project

study period was found within permissible limits.

During the construction stage with movement of heavy vehicles, there are chances of increase in

noise levels, but this would be temporary and some pre-cautionary measures like proper enclosures

at construction site, provision of ear-muffs etc. to the workers would reduce the impact from noise

level to a large extent.

However, with the proposed improvement, there are chances of increase in induced traffic which is

expected to increase the noise level to some extent.

Mitigation Measure:

All construction equipment, plants, machinery and vehicles will follow prescribed noise standards.

All construction equipment used for an 8 hour shift shall conform to a standard of less than 90 dB

(A).

At construction sites within 500 m of human settlements, noisy construction shall be stopped

between 9.00 PM and 6.00 AM;

Vehicles and construction machinery shall be monitored regularly with particular attention to

silencers and mufflers to maintain noise levels to minimum;

Workers in the vicinity of high noise levels must wear ear plugs, helmets and should be engaged in

diversified activities to prevent prolonged exposure to noise levels of more than 90 dB (A) per 8

hour shift;

Blasting near new quarry areas shall be restricted only to daytime hours. Prior information of


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Rural Development

blasting operational times shall be given to people living near such blasting sites.

Noise barriers shall be provided along sensitive locations like schools and hospitals etc.

Cultural Resources:

There is no such impact on cultural resources as such in the project. However, chance found cultural

resources/archaeological properties could be there during excavation and cutting works.

Mitigation Measure:

During construction and excavation /cutting work if any kind of cultural resource is being identified, it

the prime responsibility of the contractor to inform the SPIU-Osun State about the same.

Biological Environment:

Roadside Plantation and Farm Land: The principal impact on flora involves the removal of trees for

the creation of a clear zone within the Corridor of Impact. Reason for clearing trees is threefold:

To prevent single-vehicle collision with the roadside trees, trees very close to the road need to

be Cleared;

To ease construction of the embankment for the widened road formation and, to permit

construction of adequate roadside drainage structure, trees located within the area between

the pavement and daylight line need to be removed;

Trees need to be cleared to facilitate construction of traffic detours;

However, as part of the project roads, during the site visit it has been observed that there is thick

vegetation buffer of 2-3m on either side of the project road, after which timber grade trees, farm land

trees are observed. Hence not much impact on tree cutting is envisaged. The detail of such plantation

and farm land is given in Figure 6.2.


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Rural Development

Figure 6.2: Sample village road section and vegetation along route

Mitigation Measure:

Compensatory afforestation will be taken up as per the guidance of forest department for the cutting of timber grade tree (if any); further compensation shall be paid to the economic tree owners;

The directions of the Forest Department on the issue of compensatory afforestation shall be binding.

Avenue plantation along corridor, where ever possible given to compensate the loss of trees due to felling.

Native indigenous trees species shall be used as far as practicable;

Trees that provide fuel and fruit as well as small timber for agricultural implements are suggested.

The plantation of trees shall be done subject to availability of space in the ROW

Fauna:

None of the thirty three game reserves in the country located in Osun state. The fauna species found

in the state, include grass cutter, antelope and bus pig (warthog).Domesticated animals generally

dominate the terrestrial faunal species. There is likelihood of slight impact to local domestic animals,

which graze in the area especially after the road is constructed.

Mitigation Measure:

All works are to be carried out such that minimum damage and disruption to fauna is caused.

Construction workers shall be instructed to protect natural resources and fauna, including wild animals and aquatic life.

Hunting and unauthorised fishing shall be prohibited, especially in Shasha forest area

During construction, at any point of time, if a rare / endangered / threatened fauna species is spotted, the contractor and the concessionaire shall make all arrangements to intimate the wild life authorities and measures will be taken as for its conservation during the operation period also.

Bushes and

Vegetation Farm Land

Village Road


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Rural Development

Social Environment:

As part of the project there would be some impact on housing structures along the project road in the

different clusters. There is no such impact on common property resources like grave yard, church,

well, hand pumps etc. The details of such loss in properties are given in Table 6.5 to 6.7.

Table 6.5: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster A

S.No. Chainage Type of structure

Road 1

1 0+225 House

2 2+995 House

Road 2

3 2+690 House

Road 4

4 1+230 House

Total Structure 4

Table 6.6: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster B


Road 1

1 18+530 House

2 19+520 House

3 19+530 House

4 24+780 House

5 24+780 House

6 24+800 House

7 24+810 House

8 26+510 House

9 26+515 House

10 28+540 House

Road2

1 0+460 House

2 0+465 House

3 0+470 House

Road 3

1 7+010 House

Road 4

1 0+270 Bus-Stop

Total Structure 15

Table 6.7: Likely Impact on Structures and Common Property Resources-Cluster C


Road 3

1 0+035 House

Total 1

Involuntary resettlement impact is envisaged to the affected 19 households. A details survey to the

affected households is being carried out to ensure the actual impact as per the census survey format

attached in Annexure 6.1. One new bus stop shall require to be given in the project.


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Rural Development

Loss of livelihood:

The requirement of borrow materials and clearing of vegetation along project route may have some

impact on farm lands for Cocoa, Casava, Banana, Orange, Yam plantation areas. Such details are

being identified during the census survey as per the survey format attached in Annexure 6.1.

Mitigation Measure:

The project affected families will be adequately compensated as per the guidelines of OP:4.12

(Involuntary Resettlement) of World Bank. The details of mitigation measures are being covered in

ARAP.

HIV/AIDS Impact:

During the project baseline study and public consultation in the selected villages along the project

route there is no such cases of HIV/AIDS identified in the project area.

Due to influx of construction crew from outside areas may spread HIV/AIDS and other sexually

transmitted disease in the area.

Mitigation Measure:

Measure shall be taken through medical checkup that no such HIV/AIDS affected person is

being involved in the construction crew;

Shows, drama shall be organized among the construction crews about the ill effect of

HIV/AIDS and they shall be properly made aware about the route of HIV/AIDS;

The construction camp shall be sufficiently away from nearby village and the mixing of crew

members with village population be restricted;

Crew must be rotated after a time interval so that they can meet with their family members

back home;

Periodical health checkup camps to be arranged for villagers near to the construction

camps;

Change in Local Culture and Society;

With the influx of construction crews from outside areas some cultural and social changes are

expected. Further, with the road improvement and increase in business opportunities such changes

are also expected.

Mitigation Measure:

Contractual binding be made with the contractor to employ local labours so that the chances

of such cultural loss be minimized;

Further, construction camps will be located at sufficient distance from the villages to avoid

such change in local culture and society;

Further, the project roads are of short lengths and in many places not continuous and thus it

is expected that the construction crew will not stay to a particular place for a longer time and

hence such impact is negligible.


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Annexures


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Annexure 4.1


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ANNEXURE 4.1(LIST OF CULVERTS)

1 Iwo Cluster

1.1 Pataara – Akinleye – Idiroko Road

S/N Chainages Types of culverts Length(m) Remarks

1 7 + 975 4No.3.5m x 3.5m Box

culverts 9.9 Under construction

2 8 + 800 1m x 1m Box culvert 5.7 Need replacement

1.2 Iwo – Pataara – FS Road


1 0 + 005 600mm dia.pipe culvert 5.1 Under construction

1.3 Agoro – Ikonifin Road


1 0 + 800 900mm dia.pipe culvert 5.73 Need replacement

2 1 + 650 1m x 1m box culvert 5.02 Need replacement


4 3 + 525 2No. 1.9m x 1.9m box culvert 3.56 Need replacement

5 3 + 550 1.24m x 2.5m box culvert 5.27 Need replacement






1.4 Ikonifin – Ajagunlase Road
















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1.5 Ajagunlase – Bode Osi Road





4 4 + 625 1 m x 1m box culvert 8.48 Need replacement





1.6 Abogimile – Eleru Road


1 0 + 005 0.7m x 1m box culvert 6.12 Need replacement






7 2 + 350 1m x 1.3m box culvert 5.61 Need replacement

1.7 Agbowu – Idiroko Road






1.8 Eleke - Kanko Road









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2 Ife Cluster

2.1 Onikoko-Osi Sooko–Yimin Oja Road

S/N Chainages Types of culverts Length (m) Remarks

1 0+ 150 600mm dia.pipe culvert 13.21 Need replacement


3 0 + 850 0.7m x 1.2m Box culvert 5.81 Need replacement











14 15 + 200 2No.2.4m x 1.55m Box culverts 5.39 Need replacement



17 16 + 900 1m x 1m Box culvert 6.42 Need replacement








25 18+775 1m x 1m Box culvert 6.09 Need replacement

26 19+875 1m x 1m Box culvert 4.59 Need replacement

27 21+550 2.4m x 2.2Box culvert 3.92 Need replacement

28 21+550 3.4m x 2.2Box culvert 3.92 Need replacement

29 23+500 0.9m x 1.2m Box culvert 3.20 Need replacement


31 23+750 600mm dia.pipe culvert 4.73 Need replacement




2.2 Alogba – Owode Road


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S/N Chainages Types of culverts Length (m) Remarks




4 5+325 3No.3m x 1.9m Box culverts 5.6 Need replacement


6 6+925 2m x 2m Box culverts 6.21 Need replacement

7 7+150 1m x 1m box culvert 6.82 Need replacement

8 7+575 2No.1.1m x 1.8m box culvert 4.32 Need replacement

2.3 Amu – Oyere Road

S/N Chainages Types of culverts Length

(m) Remarks

1 0+025 1m x 1m box culvert 5.05 Need replacement




5 2+300 2Nos. 1m x 1m box culvert 6.3 Need replacement



8 7+675 2.2m x 2.2m Box culverts 6.11 Need replacement

9 8+200 2Nos. 2.4m x 3.6m Box culverts 3.76 Need replacement

10 9+200 1m x 1.8m box culvert 5.04 Need replacement

2.4 Shasha NA Forest Reserve Road


1 0 + 007 Blockwork 7.56 Need replacement












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15 9+025 0.8m x 1m box culvert 7.27 Need replacement



3 Ilesa Cluster

3.1 Oligeri – Iragbidi Road


1 0+ 000 600mm dia.pipe culvert 6.1 Need extension

2 0 + 050 600mm dia.pipe culvert 5.3 Need extension








10 4 + 650 2.8m x 1.1m Box culvert 5.3 Need extension

11 6 + 525 1.7m x 1m Box culvert 6.3 Need extension




15 8+200 0.8m x 1.4m Box culvert 7.6 Good


3.2 Ira- Ikeji – Ile – Ajebamdele – Arinmo Road


1 0+000 600mm dia.pipe culvert 6.9 Need extension



4 2+050 2No.600mm dia.pipe culvert 6.9 Need extension


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3.3 Ilesa – Odogbo – Araromi Igbowiwi Road



2 0+200 2No.900mm dia.pipe culvert 4.53 Need replacement

3 0+850 2No 2.7m x 1.7m Box culverts 3.2 Need extension



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Annexure 5.1-5.3


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Annexure 5.1: Soil Sample Analysis Result

Location

pH

@ 2

5oC

EC

(µ

S/c

m)

Cla

y (

%)

Silt

(%)

San

d (

%)

Cla

ss

(U

SD

A

Textu

re C

las

s)

Bu

lk D

en

sit

y

(g/c

m3)

Wate

r H

old

ing

Cap

acit

y (

mm

/cm

)

So

diu

m (

meq

/100g

)

Po

tassiu

m

( m

eq

/100g

)

Calc

ium

( m

eq

/100g

)

Mag

nesiu

m

( m

eq

/100g

)

Nit

rog

en

Co

nte

nt(

mg

/kg

)

Ph

osp

hate

(m

g/k

g)

To

tal O

rgan

ic

Matt

er

(%)

Odogbo-Iwara 6.43 52.8 10.81 9.08 80.11 Sandy Loam 1.21 1.24 1.11 0.34 2 3.31 30.6 608 2.5

Ilesa-Odogbo-

Araromi 6.44 52.2 10.91 8.08 81.01 Sandy Loam 1.22 1.24 1.11 0.38 2.02 3.31 31 605.5 2.52

Jabu-Irakeji 6.6 11.4 4.11 0.49 95. 4 Sand 1.371 0.45 1.2 1.24 1.88 1.33 41 221.7 3.2

Ira-Ikeji Ile 6.69 11.7 4.12 0.44 94.64 Sand 1.365 0.48 1.1 1.26 1.82 1.35 41 223.4 3.2

Oligeri-Iragbiji 6.61 11.2 3.95 0.45 95.6 Sand 1.37 0.51 1.4 1.23 1.81 1.37 39.5 222.3 3.21

Onikoko-Osi 6.44 8.4 1.1 18.9 80 Loamy Sand 1.425 1.38 0.42 4 5.01 4.97 75.6 319.8 3.63

Elebu-Osi 6.34 8.4 1.2 17.5 81.3 Loamy Sand 1.424 1.36 0.47 5 5.06 4.97 75.6 325.8 3.65

Osi-Falala 6.48 8.5 1.5 14.5 84 Loamy Sand 1.425 1.38 0.4 4.5 5.11 4.93 75.5 314.5 3.61

Forest Reserve 6.05 10.2 2.94 5.95 91.11 Sand 1.103 0.5 0.71 11.85 2.38 2.36 54.4 248.2 1.7

Alogba-Owode 6.71 8.6 1.3 18.7 80 Loamy Sand 1.43 1.39 0.43 4.03 6.01 4.95 75.4 320 3.69

Eleru Town 6.52 32.7 3.7 9 87.3 Sand 1.49 0.57 0.41 0.45 2.01 3.9 52 854 5.32

Agbowu-Idiroko 6.34 33.7 0.26 9.42 90.32 Sand 1.49 0.53 0.44 0.25 2.01 2.98 42 850 3.32

Akinleye-Idiroko 6.63 31.2 0.25 7.52 92.23 Sand 1.46 0.55 0.54 0.27 2.09 2.75 41.6 850 5.32

Ajagunlase Town 6.89 34.9 1.05 15.31 83.64 Loamy Sand 1.51 0.92 0.83 1.02 1.37 3.16 36.8 259.9 2.81

Akinleye-Odo Omi 6.59 32.7 1. 5 15.3 83.2 Loamy Sand 1.55 0.97 0.86 1.04 2.01 5.07 36.8 258 2.59

Agoro-Ikonifin 6.89 34.8 1.04 15.3 83.66 Loamy Sand 1.52 0.91 0.82 1.04 1.38 3.11 36.6 259 2.83

Eleke-Kanko 6.44 31.6 2.07 14.31 83.62 Loamy Sand 1.45 0.94 0.87 1.12 1.35 3.38 35.9 248.2 2.87

Mean 6.53 24.41 3.14 10.60 85.73

1.40 0.90 0.77 2.30 2.67 3.36 48.31 411.08 3.29

Min 6.43 8.4 0.25

80

1.103 0.45 0.4 0.27 1.35 1.33 30.6 221.7 1.7

Max 6.89 52.8 10.91

95.6

1.55 1.39 1.4 5 6.01 5.07 75.6 854 5.32


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Annexure 5.2: Water Sample Analysis Results (Ground Water)

Location p

H @

25

oC

Co

nd

ucti

vit

y (

µS

/cm

)

TD

S (

mg

/l)

Salin

ity

(P

SU

)

DO

(m

g/l)

Alk

alin

ity (

mg

/l)

To

tal h

ard

nes

s (

mg

/l;

as C

aC

O3)

Ch

lori

de (

mg

/l)

Su

lph

ate

(m

g/l)

Ph

osp

hate

(m

g/l)

Nit

rate

(m

g/l a

s N

O3)

Calc

ium

(m

g/l)

Mag

nesiu

m (

mg

/l)

Co

pp

er

(mg

/l)

Zin

c (

mg

/l)

Iro

n (

mg

/l)

Odogbo 8.57 1139 549 0.5 4.4 52.7 280 278 420 3.5 42.1 70.02 25 < 0.001 0.52 0.081

Ilesa 8.66 1150 530 0.65 4.2 62.1 275 271 435 3.52 47.89 60.09 22.5 < 0.001 0.58 0.067

Ajebandele 8.49 179 87 0.1 5 11.9 65 49.9 50 1.36 8.44 5.23 12.38 < 0.001 0.14 0.08

Onikoko 8.26 750 337 0.65 4.1 64.2 275 311 423 3.59 44.28 63.79 22.5 < 0.001 0.54 0.047

Osi 8.19 953 356 0.62 4.1 64.9 289 317.5 421 3.56 42.78 65.73 22 < 0.001 0.52 0.049

Owode 8.28 275 137 0.3 5.3 46.9 54.7 52.8 34.4 2.41 0.27 5.27 10.24 < 0.001 0.05 0.19

Shasha Forest 8.47 1120 347 0.5 4.6 52.7 280 265 438 3.51 42.1 70.02 25.05 < 0.001 0.55 0.087

Eleru 8.66 1155 536 0.71 4.6 62.1 367 278 511 3.58 48.8 62.19 22.5 < 0.001 0.54 0.072

Idiroko 8.28 275 133 0.1 5.1 47.6 56 54.9 33 2.4 0.22 5.2 10.21 < 0.001 0.08 0.19

Eleke 8.29 273 142 0.34 5.9 51.3 58.2 51.7 33.4 2.42 0.24 5.25 10.22 < 0.001 0.05 0.197

Ikonofin 8.46 272 139 0.31 5.4 52.3 55.7 52.2 40.4 2.48 0.31 5.26 11.21 < 0.001 0.05 0.185

Odo-Omi 8.31 270 137 0.3 5.3 46.9 54.7 52.8 34.4 2.41 0.27 5.23 10.26 < 0.001 0.05 0.19

Mean 8.41 650.92 285.83 0.42 4.83 51.30 175.86 169.57 239.47 2.90 23.14 35.27 17.01 < 0.001 0.31 0.12

Min 8.19 179 87 0.1 4.1 11.9 54.7 49.9 33 1.36 0.22 5.2 10.21 < 0.001 0.05 0.047

Max 8.66 1155 549 0.71 5.9 64.9 367 317.5 511 3.59 48.8 70.02 25.05 < 0.001 0.58 0.197


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Annexure 5.3: Water Sample Analysis Results (Surface Water)

Location

pH

@ 2

5oC

EC

(µ

S/c

m)

TD

S (

mg

/l)

Salin

ity (

PS

U)

Colo

ur

(TC

U)

TS

S (

mg/l)

Redox (

mV

)

Turb

idity (

NT

U)

DO

(m

g/l)

BO

D (

mg/l)

CO

D (

mg/l)

Alk

alin

ity (

mg/l)

Sulp

hid

e (

mg/l)

Sulp

hate

(m

g/l)

Odogbo 7.84 109.2 53 0.1 9.8 4 -12 6.1 5.1 < 1 5 17 < 0.005 54

Ilesa 7.82 115.4 57 0.09 9.2 4.2 -11 6.15 6.3 < 1 6 17.2 < 0.005 54.6

Arakeji 7.83 111.4 55 0.09 9.22 4.6 -13 6.5 6.6 < 1 6 17.25 < 0.005 55.62

Onikoko 7.68 519 251 0.3 9.2 15 -102 31.5 3.8 14 62 59.5 0.009 71

Osi 7.65 517 242 0.3 9.4 16 -101 31 3.5 15 64 59 0.009 73.5

Owode 7.76 102.1 44 0.15 53 5 -85 4.72 4.65 < 1 56 12.5 < 0.005 53

Shasa 7.56 96.1 46 0.1 51 3 -88 4.61 4.6 < 1 56 11.9 < 0.005 52

Eluru 7.74 278 134.2 0.11 14.4 2 -38 4.98 4.8 < 1 7 44.2 < 0.005 51

Idiroko pt 1 7.74 278 134.2 0.11 14.4 2 -38 4.98 4.8 < 1 7 44.2 < 0.005 51

Idiroko pt 2 7.76 272.8 132.2 0.16 13.8 2.2 -32 4.94 4.5 < 1 7 44.2 < 0.005 50.5

Ikonifin 7.46 250.3 136.8 0.18 13.3 2.6 -36 5.02 4.56 < 1 5 44 < 0.005 50.3

Odo-Omi 7.81 270.2 135.2 0.18 11.7 2.5 -31 4.9 4.8 < 1 7 44.1 < 0.005 50

Mean 7.72 243.29 118.38 0.16 18.20 5.26 -48.92 9.62 4.83 < 1 24.00 34.59 < 0.005 55.54

Min 7.46 96.1 44 0.09 9.2 2 -102 4.61 3.5 < 1 5 11.9 < 0.005 50

Max 7.84 519 251 0.3 53 16 -11 31.5 6.6 < 1 64 59.5 < 0.005 73.5


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PARAMETERS P

ho

sp

hate

(m

g/l)

Nit

rate

(m

g/l a

s N

O3)

Ch

lori

de (

mg

/l)

Am

mo

nia

(m

g/l)

To

tal h

ard

nes

s (

mg

/l;

as

CaC

O3)

So

diu

m (

mg

/l)

Po

tassiu

m (

mg

/l)

Calc

ium

(m

g/l)

Mag

nesiu

m (

mg

/l)

To

tal O

rgan

ic C

arb

on

(mg

/l)

Oil &

Gre

ase (

mg

/l)

Co

pp

er

(mg

/l)

Zin

c (

mg

/l)

Odogbo 0.63 0.4 40.1 < 0.01 49 38.6 3.1 6.04 8.1 1.1 < 0.05 0.04 0.069

Ilesa 0.71 0.45 40 < 0.01 42 36.9 3.5 6.12 8.15 1.14 < 0.05 0.04 0.071

Arakeji 0.75 0.52 40.4 < 0.01 41 36.7 3.62 6.13 8.17 1.12 < 0.05 0.03 0.07

Onikoko 1.95 0.45 166.9 0.06 117 108.2 7.8 20.01 15.95 19.1 < 0.05 0.054 0.188

Osi 1.97 0.46 178.2 0.055 115.9 113.2 7.9 20.06 15 18.7 < 0.05 0.058 0.178

Owode 0.58 4.86 46.2 < 0.01 22.7 39.75 3.5 4.2 2.77 8.2 < 0.05 0.032 0.059

Shasa 0.58 4.88 38.7 < 0.01 22 41 3.5 4.2 2.74 8.2 < 0.05 0.028 0.055

Eluru 0.67 0.51 44.8 0.01 80.1 49.1 2.6 14.1 10.71 1.3 < 0.05 0.032 0.041

Idiroko pt 1 0.67 0.51 44.8 0.01 80.1 49.1 2.6 14.1 10.71 1.3 < 0.05 0.032 0.041

Idiroko pt 2 0.69 0.52 44.6 0.01 80 49 2.6 14.2 10.7 1.2 < 0.05 0.033 0.041

Ikonifin 0.71 0.58 45 0.01 78 51 2.8 14.2 10.71 1.23 < 0.05 0.035 0.041

Odo-Omi 0.66 0.51 43.8 0.01 69 51 2.8 14.3 10.8 1.1 < 0.05 0.037 0.042

Mean 0.88 1.22 64.46

66.40 55.30 3.86 11.47 9.54 5.31 < 0.05 0.04 0.07

Min 0.58 0.4 38.7 < 0.01 22 36.7 2.6 4.2 2.74 1.1 < 0.05 0.028 0.041

Max 1.97 4.88 178.2 0.01 117 113.2 7.9 20.06 15.95 19.1 < 0.05 0.058 0.188


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PARAMETERS

Iro

n (

mg

/l)

Cad

miu

m (

mg

/l)

Lead

(m

g/l)

Ch

rom

ium

(m

g/l)

Man

gan

ese (

mg

/l)

Van

ad

ium

(m

g/l)

Ars

en

ic (

mg

/l)

Merc

ury

(m

g/l)

Nic

ke

l (m

g/l)

Bari

um

(m

g/l)

To

tal H

ete

rotr

op

hic

Bacte

ria

To

tal C

olifo

rms

E. co

li

Odogbo 0.4 0.0018 0.0021 0.09 0.032 < 0.05 < 0.005 <0.005 0.128 <0.05 169 ND ND

Ilesa 0.4 0.0017 0.0021 0.09 0.033 < 0.05 < 0.005 <0.005 0.131 <0.05 171 ND ND

Arakeji 0.43 0.0017 0.0022 0.089 0.034 < 0.05 < 0.005 <0.005 0.126 <0.05 161 ND ND

Onikoko 0.15 0.0026 0.0034 0.1 0.075 < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.005 0.192 < 0.05 1210 206 ND

Osi 0.148 0.003 0.0034 0.1 0.075 < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.005 0.196 < 0.05 1237 167 ND

Owode 0.522 0.0014 0.0031 0.14 0.076 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 < 0.05 62 ND ND

Shasa 0.52 0.0014 0.0026 0.14 0.088 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.26 < 0.05 41 ND ND

Eluru 0.085 0.0011 0.0025 0.08 0.014 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.1 < 0.05 108 ND ND

Idiroko pt 1 0.085 0.0011 0.0025 0.08 0.014 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.1 < 0.05 108 ND ND

Idiroko pt 2 0.086 0.0011 0.0025 0.079 0.014 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.1 < 0.05 114 ND ND

Ikonifin 0.09 0.001 0.0022 0.081 0.013 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.13 < 0.05 122 ND ND

Odo-Omi 0.089 0.002 0.0024 0.077 0.014 < 0.05 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.1 < 0.05 166 ND ND

Mean 0.25 0.00 0.0025833 0.0955 0.0401667 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1519167 < 0.05 305.75 - -

Min 0.085 0.001 0.0021 0.077 0.013 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1 < 0.05 41 - -

Max 0.522 0.003 0.0034 0.14 0.088 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.26 < 0.05 1237 - -


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Annexure 5.4 (Air Quality)


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Annexure 5.4

Air Quality Monitoring Data –RPM (Values in ppm)

Time Onikoko–

Osi Road

Osi -

Oluobe

Owode

-

Alogba

Shasha

Forest

Reserve

Iragbiji

road off

Ilesa

Odogbo-

Iwara

road

Odogbo-

Ijesa

Ilesa –

Arakeji

road

Idiroko-

Akinleye Ikonifin

Ikonifin

- Agoro Eleke

9.00–10.00am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

10.00–11.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

11.00am-12.00noon <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

12.00 – 01.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

01.00 - 02.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

02.00 – 3.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

3.00 – 4.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

4.00 – 5.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

5.00 – 6.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

6.00–7.00 pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

07.00–08.00 pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

08.00-09.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

09.00 – 10.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

10.00 - 11.00pm <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

11.00 – 12.00am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

12.00 – 01.00am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

01.00 – 02.00am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

02.00 – 03.00am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

03.00 – 04.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

04.00 – 05.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

05.00 – 06.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

06.00 – 07.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

07.00 – 08.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

08.00 – 09.00 am <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1


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Air Quality Monitoring Data –SPM (Values in ppm)

Time Onikoko–

Osi Road

Osi -

Oluobe

Owode

-

Alogba

Along

Shasha

Forest

Reserve

Road

Iragbiji

road off

Ilesa

Odogbo-

Iwara

road

Odogbo-

Ijesa

Ilesa –

Arakeji

road

Idiroko-

Akinleye Ikonifin

Ikonifin

- Agoro Eleke

9.00–10.00am 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01

10.00–11.00 am 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

11.00am-12.00noon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

12.00 – 01.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02

01.00 - 02.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01

02.00 – 3.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

3.00 – 4.00pm 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02

4.00 – 5.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01

5.00 – 6.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01

6.00–7.00 pm 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01

07.00–08.00 pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.01

08.00-09.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

09.00 – 10.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

10.00 - 11.00pm 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

11.00 – 12.00am 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

12.00 – 01.00am 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01

01.00 – 02.00am 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01

02.00 – 03.00am 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01

03.00 – 04.00 am 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

04.00 – 05.00 am 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

05.00 – 06.00 am 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02

06.00 – 07.00 am 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01

07.00 – 08.00 am 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01

08.00 – 09.00 am 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01


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Air Quality Monitoring Data –Sox, NOx, CO and HC

S/N Sampling Station

NO2

(ppm)

SO2

(ppm)

CO

(ppm)

HC

(ppm)

1 Onikoko – Osi Road 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.05

2 Osi - Oluobe 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.2

3 Owode - Alogba 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1

Shasha Forest Reserve 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0

4 Iragbiji road off Ilesa 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.1

5 Odogbo-Iwara road 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.15

6 Odogbo-Ijesa 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0

Ilesa – Arakeji road 0.0 1.0

7 Idiroko-Akinleye 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1

8 Ikonifin 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.2

9 Ikonifin - Agoro 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.15

10 Eleke 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1


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Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standard by Federal Ministry of Environment

Pollutants Time of Average Limit

SOx (SO2) Daily average of hourly values 1 hour 0.01ppm (26µg/m3)

0.1ppm (260µg/m3)

Particulate Daily average of daily values 1 hour 250µg/m3

* 600 µg/m3

CO Daily average of hourly values 8-

hourly average

10ppm (11.4mg/m3)

20ppm (22.8mg/m3)

NOx Daily average of hourly values

(range)

0.04-0.06ppm

75.0/µg/m3-113ug /m3

Non-

methane

Hydrocarbon

Daily average of 3 hourly values 160µg/m3

PM10 N.A N.A

Source; Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA)


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Annexure 5.5 (Questionnaire-Socio-Economic)


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Annexure 5.6 (Public Consultation)


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Annexure-5.6

CONSULTATION WITH COMMUNITIES

Consultation at Isero Village, Date of Consultation: 15.03.2012

Isero village is located in Agoro - Ikonifin road section in cluster A IWO Region. The target group of

consultation was villagers and farmers. Consultation was conducted by SPIU officials and Consultants

of RAMP. The date of consultation was on 15.03.2012. The outcome of the public consultation details

are given in table 1.


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Table 1: Outcome of Public Consultation at Isero Village


1 What facility the rural road section

provide to the local community

Village farm products in the village which are being taken to

the nearby market through the rural road. The improvement

of the rural road helps in transporting the local products to

the market.

2

How do you access the rural road

and what are the mode of transport

and their frequency/numbers.

The rural road is being accessed at mostly during the dry

season. Bus, minibus, cabs, pick up vans and timber

logging trucks come in during the dry season only. During

the rainy season the road is not movable due to water

logging and muds.

3

Why there is a need for the

development of rural road? /Explain

various benefits?

It will be easier to move out the village products to the

market. Loss during the rainy season will be reduced. The

good road condition will attract more people for farming as

at present our village people are moving outside for farming

due to loss being incurred during rainy season and poor

road condition.

4

Average daily Traffic on the rural

road at present? Cars_______Pick

up________, Mini Bus____,

Bus_________, Light Goods

Vehicles__________

Trucks___________

A total of 50 vehicles move in the rural road during normal

days and 200 vehicles during the market days during dry

season.

5

What are the major crops and farm

product in the area which the

community takes through the rural

road to the local market?

Yam, Maize, Casava, Cucumbar, palm oil etc.

6

Where the nearest local market is

and how much time it does take in

average to reach to the local market

with the present condition of rural

road?

20 Km away. During dry season it taken one hour to reach

the market through vehicles/pick up vans. However during

the rainy season is worst and takes longer times.

7 Any weekly markets along the road or

near the road? Around 3 smaller weekly markets along project road.

8

Road widening will increase your

production. Do you agree? If so how

many times it will increase?

Yes. Opportunity lost will be reduced to a large extent.

9

How much is the present

daily/Weekly/Monthly production

(Tonnes) of Agriculture?

Around 100 palm oil mills are there around which produces

around 25000L of palm oil on daily basis.

10 Are there any accident issues in the

present road? Nil

11

What is the distance of nearest

hospital and how much time it

requires o reach the nearest hospital

through the present rural road?

Maternity center is nearby, 10 minutes walking distance.

12

What is the nearest

primary/secondary school to the

community children and how much it

takes to reach school?

Primary school -10 minute walking; secondary school exist

in next village. For higher studies people go outside.

13 Is there any incidence of wild animals Till date no. Python exist inside the bushes along the


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coming in the community or crosses

the rural road?

project road

14

Is there any migratory route of wild

animal exists crossing or along the

rural road?

No

15

The project road may have certain

impacts on the farm lands belong to

community. Are you willing to give

land for the sake of the development?

All agreed

16

The project road development may

require some loss of trees/ crops.

What is expectation for the same?

It may happen but for the sake of the road rehabilitation

and development all agreed.

17

Does the project road will have facility

to the women group for their further

development? What is the

expectation of women from the

project road?

Most of the time women group needs to carry their product

to the local market in their head. Situation becomes more

troublesome during rainy season. With the road

improvement such problem will be minimized.

18 What is the nearest water resource to

the community?

The nearest water resource (stream) is 3 km away. Women

group fetches water for drinking and other purpose on their

head. The project road improvement will minimize such

problems.

19 What is the water supply facility?

20 Is there any pipe/tap water facility

available? (Y/N)

21 If No then who fetches water for the

family? Women group?

22 Is yes then how much they need to

travel to fetch water?

23

What is the view of women who

fetches the water for the community

through the rural road?

24

What is the duration of rainy season

and whether the present road is

accessible during the rainy season?

It is not constant but varies between 4-8 months.

25

What do you envisage about the

possible impact of the project on

Environment, farm land and trees,

wild animal if any?

All are aware that there might be some environmental and

social impacts from the project but they will bear it for the

sake of the road.

26 Do you anticipate any negative social

impact?


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IDIROKO VILLAGE: Date of Consultation: 23.03.2012

Generic Questions and Discussions

1. What facility the rural road sections provide to the local community?

It help grows the community

2. How do you access the rural road and what are the mode of transport and their frequency/numbers?

Trucks and motorcycles, though not motor able during rainy season

3. Why there is a need for the development of rural road? / explain various benefits?

Improved living standard

Increased population

Access to other community

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present? Cars_____Pick up____, Mini Bus_______bus___

Light Goods Vehicles ____,trucks ______

Trucks.

Pick up

5. What are the major crops and farm product in the area which the community takes through the rural


Cocoa, Oil Palm, Kola nut, Cashew, Cassava and Yam

6. Where the nearest local market is and how much time it does take in average to reach to the local

market with the present condition of rural road?

Obajoko Market about 9.6 km

7. Any weekly markets along the road or near the road?

Obajoko market every 5days

8. Road widening will increase your production. Do you agree? If so how many times it will increase?

100%

9. How much is the present daily/Weekly/Monthly production (Tones) of Agriculture?

daily 2tones

weekly 14tones

monthly 56 tones

10. Are there any accident issues in the present road?

Motor cycle accident.

11. What is the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires o reach the nearest hospital


Idi-iroko maternity centre, about 6.4 km and about 30 minutes

12. What is the nearest primary/secondary school to the community children and how much it takes to

reach school?

Idi-iroko primary school- within the community walking distance

13. Is there any incidence of wild animals coming in the community or crosses the rural road?

No.

14. Is there any migratory route of wild animal exists crossing or along the rural road?

None.


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15. The project road may have certain impacts on the farm lands belong to community. Are you willing to

give land for the sake of the development?

Yes, we will not mind because of its positive impact to the community

16. The project road development may require some loss of trees/ crops. What is expectation for the

same?

The community is expecting a Compensation to be paid.

17. Does the project road will have facility to the women group for their further development? What is the

expectation of women from the project road?

It will Increase sales and volume of farm produce.

It will Reduce stress of lab our and aide transportation problem

18. What is the nearest water resource to the community?

Eleranko river

River Osun

19. What is the water supply facility?

There is Borehole, but not working.

No any other source of water.

20. Is there any pipe/tap water facility available? (Y/N)

No.

21. If No then who fetches water for the family? Women group?

Yes

22. If yes, then how much they need to travel to fetch water?

About N100

23. What is the view of women who fetches the water for the community through the rural road?

Stressful

Wake up as early as 3am daily

24. What is the duration of rainy season and whether the present road is accessible during the rainy

season?

April-October

25. What do you envisage about the possible impact of the project on Environment, farm land and trees,

wild animal if any?

Yes, it will have positive impact- Increase productivity, sales, improve living standard, and it

will reduce the possibility of having wild animal due to easy accessible.

26. Do you anticipate any negative social impact?

Yes, it will increase insecurity


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Cross section of rural dwellers during the public consultation in idiroko


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ELEKU TOWN



It will improved the means of transportation


Trucks, cars, buses, motorcycles and its goes at lease 2-3 times in a day.

3. Why there is a need for the development of rural road? /Explain various benefits?

It will increases population growth.

It will increase production in farm produce.

It will improve sales.

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present?

Cars, Pick up, Mini Bus and Trucks



Oil palm, Plantain, Cashew, kola nut and Cocoa.



Bode Osi market, and its takes about 20 minutes, and the distance is about 5kms.


Yes, Bode Osi market is along the road.


Yes, greatly


2 tones Daily

14 tones Weekly

56 tones Monthly


Yes

11. What is the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires to reach the nearest hospital


About 6km to Bode Osi hospital and it will take about 30minutes


reach school?

The nearest primary/secondary school is at Bode Osi primary school, and takes about 25

minutes to reach the school.


No.


None.




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Yes.


same?

The community is expecting a Compensation to be paid.



Yes, the women are expecting the project to ease their work.


Nearest water source is at Arinokore river.


Boreholes that are within the community


No, there is no any pipe/tap water facility available.

21. If No, then who fetches water for the family? Women group?

Yes, the women group fetches the water.

22. Is yes then how much they need to travel to fetch water?

Yes, the needs about N100 travel in order to fetch the water.


It is very stressful.


season?

The duration is about seven months (7 months), which usual start from April – October and

the road is not accessible, because of lack of drainage.


wild animal if any?

Yes, it will have positive impact- Increase productivity, sales, improve living standard, and it

will reduce the possibility of having wild animal due to easy accessibility.


Yes, it will increase insecurity and theft

Cross Section of Participants during the consultation in Eleku


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ODOGBO



It provides a means of transportation to the community.

2. How do you access the rural road and what are the mode of transport and their frequency/numbers.

Through motorcycles and the mode of transportation are Buses, Cars and Trucks and it

frequent about 2-3 times a day.


If the rural road is good it will increase development, production, livelihood and population

growth.

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present? Cars_____, Pick up ______, Mini Bus_____, Bus

_____, Light Goods vehicles _______, Trucks _______

Motorcycles and Trucks.



Kola nut, cocoa, maize and oil



Ajido market- 1 hour by ride

3 hours by walk


Yes, Ajido market and Itapa market


Yes, more than 100%

9. How much is the present daily/Weekly/Monthly production (Tonnes) of Agriculture?

N1,000 per day

N6,000 per week

N24,000 per month


Yes

11. What is the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires to reach the nearest hospital


Is a trek able within the community-Odogbo and it will take about 10 minutes to reach the

hospital


reach school?

Yes 10min. walk


No


No


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Yes, we are willing


same?

Since, it is our desire will bring development then we don’t need or expect anything.



Yes, the project should be executed as quick as possible since it will access more places and

it will aid the transporting the farm produce.


River Osun


Borehole


No.


Yes, Women group.

22. If yes then how much they need to travel to fetch water?

A trek able distance about 3km away from the village.


It is stressful due to the nature of area.


season?

Seven month, from April – November and some area are not accessible.


wild animal if any?

Loss of farm land, tress and endangered species.


No


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Cross section of local villager at Odogbo during the public consultation


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ELERU TOWN



It will help the community to reach other places on time.


Motorcycle, trucks, cars, and buses


The rural road will enhance the development of the community, such as population,

production in farm produce, and also the sales of the products.

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present? Cars _____, Pick up_____, Mini Bus _____, Bus

_____, Light Goods Vehicles ______, Trucks?

Cars, Pick up, Mini bus and Trucks.



Palm oil, cashew, plantain, cocoa, kola nut and yam, etc.



Is located at Bode-Osi market, it takes about 30 minutes to reach the market with motorcycle

which is 40 km away from the village.


Yes, there is one which is located at Bode- Osi and opens every 5 days.


Yes, immensely


(10* 25 liters jar can ) of Palm oil is produce per day (250 liters)

7 *(10* 25 liters jar can) of palm oil is produce per week (1750 liters)

4*(7*10* 25 liters jar can) of palm oil produce per month (7000 liters)


yes



The nearest hospital is located at Agoro maternity centre, which is about 3km and it will takes

20minutes.


reach school?

The nearest Primary/secondary school is at Bode Osi community and its takes about

35minutes to reach the school.


No.


None.


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Yes, because once the project is done it will help us to take our product to the market and

sale the product very easy.


same?

No, we don’t have any expectation.



Yes, our expectation is that it will improve our production and sales.


The nearest water source is at Arinokore river.


Boreholes that are within the community.


No.


Yes, the women group fetches the water.


They need around N100 to travel.


It is very stressful.


season?

It takes about seven month (7 month), which is usually from April – October and it is not

accessible to some extent during rainy season.


wild animal if any?


No, but it will only increase theft and insecurity, because of smoothness of the road.

Photographs of the public consultation

Cross section of participants during the consultation Eleru


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OSI TOWN



It will boost the economy of the community


The road is accessible through motor vehicles, such as Cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses and

etc.


Because it will wield a positive impact, such as economy, population, productivity and so on.



Motorcycle and Trucks



Cocoa, cashew, kola nut, palm oil, plantain, banana, breadfruit



Osi – sooko market is the clothes, and it will take 20 minutes for an average to reach the

market.


Yes, there is one at Osi – sooko market every five days


Yes, immensely


2 tones daily

14 tones weekly

56 tones monthly


Yes, especially during rainy season

11. What are the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires o reach the nearest hospital


Is about 7 km which is at Osi – sooko health centre and almost 40 minutes by work


reach school?

The nearest primary/secondary schools are Christ Anglican primary school, RCM primary

school, Osun community high school.


No.


No.




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Yes, because it is our desire to see the development of our community.


same?

None.



Yes, it has the facility to improve the women group; it will boost the socio-economic activities

in the village.


River Osi


None.


No.


Yes, Women group.


N80 to travel


It is very stressful, and they need another source like borehole


season?

Seven month (7 month) which is usually from April – October no is not accessible.


wild animal if any?

Increase development and improved sale on farm land produce.


It will increase insecurity and theft

Photographs of public consultation taken.

Participants during the consultation at Osi community


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AJAGUNLASE



It will improve the transportation


Through cars, trucks and motorcycle


It will give good access road that will improve our living standard and increase our productivity

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present? Cars___, Pick up____, Mini Bus____, Light Goods

Vehicles____, Truck____

All the means are used in this area.



Oil palm, cocoa, orange, cashew



Ajagunlase market and is within the community


Ajagunlase market is once in a week


Yes, it will double the productivity


Daily 6 tones,

Weekly 42 tones

Monthly 168 tones


Yes.



About 25-30 km at Iwo general hospital, by vehicle it’s about 30 minutes.


reach school?

D .C. School, Ajagunlase 1km by walk 7 minutes


No.


No.



Yes.


same?


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No.



Yes.


River Osun


River Osun


No.


Yes, women group

22. If yes, then how much they need to travel to fetch water?

About N70, and very far to fetch water


It stressful going through 2km


season?

The duration is seven month, from April – October, the road is not accessible.


wild animal if any?

For the animals some will move further

In terms of lands and trees the area will be de vegetated


Insecurity

Theft, it will bring more immigrants.

Participants during the consultation at Ajagunlase


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IRA VILLAGE



Farming and trading

2. How do you access the rural road and what are the mode of transport and their

frequency/numbers?

By walking and by bus to the local market


It will bring up the town to lime light and population and economic increase.

It will improve the standard of living.

It will encourage youth to go back to farming for more yield

It will retain the movement of youth to urban region in search for white collar job.

4. Average daily Traffic on the rural road at present?

Motor cycle



Cocoa, kola nut, plantain, banana, orange, cashew, cassava and oil palm plantations.



Obada market ,5 hours by foot

Saturday market


Elewe market Mon and wed.

Ipetu market Thursday

Owena market every five days


Yes, it will increase production for almost twice


Daily – 2tonnes

Weekly 14tonnes

Monthly –56 tonnes


No. because it is not motor able

11. What are the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires o reach the nearest

hospital through the present rural road?

8km to the nearest hospital (State comprehensive health center)


reach school?

For the settler nearby, it takes up to 16km to and fro to the primary and secondary school.


None.


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No.

15. The project road may have certain impacts on the farm lands belong to community. Are you willing

to give land for the sake of the development?

Yes, we are willing, since it will improve our income and living standard.


same?

No expectation, since it is the need of the community.

17. Does the project road will have facility to the women group for their further development? What is

the expectation of women from the project road?

Most women are farmer traders and as such, it will increase sales and better livelihood


Oni oke

Afin toto


Osun state water corporation

Borehole 1 unit


Yes, in the community, but the rural settler near the road do not have


Women group

22. If yes then how much they need to travel to fetch water?

600m to 1km to the stream


It is tedious and stressful


season?

Raining season April to October

It is not accessible during raining season

25. What do you envisage about the possible impact of the project on Environment, farm land and

trees, wild animal if any?

The propose road design will access a few farm land


Increase people movement into the community


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PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN ON CONSULTION IN IRA


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Owode village



It will increase the economy of the community


The road is accessible through motor vehicles, such as Cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses and

etc.


Because it will wield a positive impact, such as economy, population, productivity and so on.



Motorcycle and Trucks



Cocoa, cashew, kola nut, palm oil, plantain, banana, breadfruit



Osi – sooko market is the closest, and it takes 15 minutes for an average to reach the market.


Yes, there is one at Osi – sooko market every five days


Yes, immensely


1 tones daily

7 tones weekly

28 tones monthly


Yes, especially during rainy season

11. What are the distance of nearest hospital and how much time it requires o reach the nearest hospital


Is about 5 km which is at Osi – sooko health centre and almost 40 minutes by walk.


reach school?

The nearest primary/secondary schools are Christ Anglican primary school, RCM primary

school, Osun community high school.


No.


No.



Yes, because it is our desire to see the development of our community.


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same?

None.



Yes, it has the facility to improve the women group; it will boost the socio-economic activities

in the village.


River Osi


None.


No.


Yes, Women group.


N80 to travel


wild animal if any?

Increase development and improved sale on farm land produce.


No

25. It will increase insecurity and theft what do you envisage about the possible impact of the project on

Environment, farm land and trees, wild animal if any?

The propose road design will access a few farm land


Increase people movement into the community

Photographs of public consultation


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Generic Questions and Discussions (in Shasha Native reserve forest)-Target group forest

rangers/forest officers and local timber traders.

1. What facility do you anticipate the proposed development of rural road will give?

Forest Ranger/Forest Officer’s view:

Local timber traders view: Increased Production

2. Are there any existing poaching practices in the project area/reserve forest area?

No

3. Do you anticipate any increase in poaching activities with the betterment of road?

No, because it is controlled

4. What economic benefit do the timber traders anticipate from the proposed development (in terms of

production, transportation in US$/Naira per year)

Increase in logs produced day by day

Extended life of operational trucks

Reduction in the cost of logs

5. Do you anticipate any negative environmental and social Impact?

Increased accident rate as vehicle may increase speed

Increased spread of disease

6. Is there any rare/endangered tree species in the area along the road corridor?

None

7. IS there any endangered or rare wild animal species exist in the reserve forest?

None

8. Is any wild animal cross the project corridor? If yes please name them.

Buffalo

Guinea Pigs

Pythons

etc.

9. Whether any migratory wild animal route exists along/across the project corridor (e.g. elephant

etc.).

Any Route in the forest

10. Is there any incidence of accident of wild animal with the timber logging vehicles in the project

road within the reserve forest?


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ARAROMI AKE AREA


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Generic Questions and Discussions (in a local market total 1 consultation)

1. What facility do you anticipate the proposed development of rural road will give?

It will bring faster mean of transportation of good and crops from villages to towns

2. Road improvement will increase production of farm products in the local market. Do you agree? If so

how many times it will increase?

About 10 times than the current time

3. If production increases supply of products will increase. Will this reduce the prices of farm products?

yes

S.No Farm Products Present price (100 kg in Naira) Anticipated price (100 kg in

Naira)

1 Yam These are sold based on local measure

2 Coco It’s usually processed and sold in local

measure

3 Banana Bunches cost a little N100 -N200. Cost of

bunch

4 Cucumber

5 Palm Oil Per litter at N800 For 25litter

….

….

….

4. Do you anticipate any negative environmental and Social Impact from the proposed road

development?

No

5. Will the proposed development of the road increase/decrease the dependency of the local people on

weekly market?

It will boast the production capacity of the area

Photographs to be taken:

Ground nut and ground nut oils display in one of the market


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Product displayed at the local market in region


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Annexure 6.1: Census Questionnaire


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P095003 NG: Rural Access and Mobility Project- Phase 2documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... ·...

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Transcript of P095003 NG: Rural Access and Mobility Project- Phase 2documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/... ·...