Authoritarianism

= Filipinos are also inclined to status oriented behavior. Feminine responsibility. “Hiya”(shame). “Utang na loob”(debt of gratitude). Amor propio

(self-esteem)

Personalism-impersonalism

Personalism

• Attaches major importance to the personal factor which guarantees intimacy, warmth and security or kinship and friendship in getting things done.

Personalism-Impersonalism

Impersonalism

• Refers to the tendency to eliminate the influence of friendship or kinship in working situation.

Particularism-Universalism

Particularism

• When a man’s concern is centered on sub-groups comprising his relatives, friends, colleagues, associate, religious affiliates or members of his ethnic or regional group in the larger society to which he belongs, He is particularistic

Particularism -Universalism

Universalism

• When his main concern is the advancement of the collective or national good. He is universalistic

Particularism -Universalism

Carrion (1973) discussed in his Marketing Imperative basic buying and selling habits which are as follows:

• Suki = patronizing of one store instead of buying at different store.

• Tumpok-tumpok = An arrangement of goods into small groupings among small vendors in small markets

• Hulugan or Paiyakan = paying by installment • Lako = Sellers carrying their wares and peddling from house

to house either in push cart, native basket. The commodities vary from jewels, kitchen ware, fruits, meat and clothing.

• Tawad = Asking for discounts which may range from 5 to 50%