POP QUIZ: CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE

1). What is U.N. Resolution 181?

2). What were two results from the Six Day War?

3). List any three issues separating Israel and Palestine (Use the ones listed in the reading)?

CHAPTER 34

The Pacific Rim

JAPANESE RECOVERY Occupation

-American occupation ended in 1952-Pressed for democratization of Japanese

society and economic reform (Women right to vote, break up large estates, and making emperor figurehead)

-Liberal Democratic Party dominates Politics

-LDP remains powerful until 1993-Defined by close cooperation between

business and political interests-Remained oligarchic and elite, despite a

more democratic system

JAPANESE CULTURE Culture

-Tradition persisted and elements of Japanese culture remained (tea ceremony, poetry, theater etc.)

-New artistic styles recalled previous eras while others combined Japanese and Western styles

-Style remained distinctly Japanese

-Little impact on world culture

Modern Japanese women in traditional

kimonos

JAPAN’S ECONOMIC SURGE Rapid economic growth

-Made Japan a world economic power

-Automobile manufacturing and electronic equipment

WHY? Active government encouragement Educational expansion Distinctive labor policies (Unions) Group-oriented social

conscious/management style

TAIWAN, HONG KONG & SINGAPORE Taiwan

-Nationalist army defeated by Communists and fall back to Taiwan.-China imposed authoritarian rule, but US supported Taiwan-Achieved economic prosperity despite political tensions

Hong Kong-Remains under British control until 1997-Vigorous and thriving economy; hub of many Western businesses and tourism

Singapore-Gained independence in 1965; thriving port society

Hong Kong today

ADVANCES IN TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) AND SINGAPORE

Political Change-Chiang Kai-shek & his son rule Taiwan until 1978 -Gov’t remains stable through transition -Lee Kuan rules Singapore for three decades after 1965-Both groups held tight control of the government and suppressed opposition

Economic change-Taiwan: Successful trade contacts were created around the world

-Gov’t poured aid into the economy and agriculture -Hong Kong center for world trade and banking-Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea known as the “Asian Tigers”

Impact All became important links in international trade chain Each area vital to US economy for exports and investment

capital

THE KOREAN MIRACLE Political Change

-Military government removed in 1980s-Replaced by conservative gov’t that

allowed limited participation and press freedom

Economic change-Economy became focus after1950

-Huge industrial firms (Hyundai) created w/ government aid and entrepreneurship

-Consumer goods dominated; steel, cars and textiles were also produced

ImpactHuge population growth led to high

population density Environmental damage creates a hothouse

climateMassive disparity between rich and poor

DO NOW: EXPLAINING EVENTS THROUGH PICTURES

VIETNAM AND THE END OF WAR

Ngo Dinh Diem -U.S. backed leader of south -Fights communist resistance (Viet Cong or “VC”)

Diem fails to win against Communists

U.S. intervention shifts from advisory to full war

U.S. withdraws in 1975 (South Vietnam falls to Communists)

Evacuation of American personnel-Saigon (1975)

AFTER VICTORY: STRUGGLE TO REBUILD Communist win isolated Vietnam Gov’t pushed centralization

-Reeducation camps-Persecution of enemies led to mass

migration from the former south-Economy left many impoverished

Economic growth after 1980 Cambodia

-1975: Communist rebels known as Khmer Rouge set up brutal gov’t under Pol Pot

-Killed 2 million in a genocide-Vietnam invaded in 1978 and installed

less repressive gov’t

THE PHILIPPINES Philippines

-Approve Bell Act (free trade) before getting funding to rebuild after WWII

-U.S. wanted to maintain military presence -Demand 99 year lease on military

bases; given up in 1992 From Marcos to Ramos

-Ferdinand Marcos: Elected president in 1965

-Authoritarian rule

-Defeated by Corazon Aquino and forced into exile when he refused to acknowledge her victory

-New constitution, but battled separatist group (Muslim group-Moros)

INDONESIA Sukarno

-Proclaimed independence in 1945 -Dutch attempt to gain control, but lose to

guerilla army and cede independence in 1949 Instability

-Economic mismanagement led to inflation-1965 military coup: Led by Suharto;

500,000 to 1 million Indonesians killed-1967: Police state instituted, martial law,

annexation of East Timor 1999: East Timor voted for independence; many

killed or put in refugee camps-Gained independence in 2002

MALAYSIA 1945

-British return after war and attempted to organize multiple ethnic groups into one state

-1957: Created the Federation of Malaya from Singapore and Malaya

-1965: Singapore declared independent state while the federation of Malaya, Sarawak, and Sabah became Malaysia

CHINA AFTER MAO Zhou Enlai

-China’s isolation worrisome; tells West he is ready to establish ties

-1971: UN membership endorsed by U.S. and a visit by President Nixon show opening of relations

-Zhou Enlai dies in 1976 Gang of Four

-Jiang Qing and allies who tried to seize control of government from pragmatists; sentenced to life following Mao’s death 1979

-United States and China establish diplomatic relations

THE FOUR MODERNIZATIONS Deng Xiaoping

-1980: Although a Communist, he supported moderate economic policies

-Four Modernizations1. Responsibility system2. Incentive program3. Foreign capital and technology4. Entrepreneurship

Results-Crop and industrial production increased-Westernization of culture increased

(Foreign tourism and purchase of consumer goods)

DEMOCRATIC CHALLENGE Tiananmen Square

-Influx of Western ideas-1989: Students sparked a

popular uprising by occupying Tiananmen Square

-Won widespread support and called for Deng Xiaoping to resign in favor of democracy

Crackdown-Deng declared state of martial

law-The square was surrounded by

the military-Tanks used to crush barricades

and hundreds killed by soldiers

MODERN CHINA 1997

-Jiang Zemin becomes president-U.S. pressured China to release political

prisoners and ensure basic rights-Great Britain returned Hong Kong to China

-China promised to respect economic system and political liberties Economic and Political

-Dramatic reduction of poverty-Continued global outreach of China and

participation in international organizations-New ruler is Xi Jinping