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Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II �

© 2010 GMT Games, LLC

Table of Contents

P L AY B O O K I IN O T E S A N D B O N U S S C E N A R I O

Nyborg, November 24 (November �4), �659 .................. 2A Historical Narrative of the Scanian War ...................... 7 The Weapons of the Scanian War .................................... �6 Extended Unit Notes ........................................................ �6 Bibliography .................................................................... �7German/Swedish/Danish Glossary .................................. �8

A Note from the Series Designer ..................................... �8 Designer’s Notes ............................................................. �8Errata for the Cheriton Module ....................................... �9Counterscans ................................................................... 22Malmö Special Reminders and Modifiers ........................ 24NGBG Terrain Effects Chart Addendum ......................... 24

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II2


Nyborg, November 24 (November 14), 1659Eastern side of the island of Fünen, DenmarkSee the beginning of Play Book I for a list of abbreviations used in the setups.

The battle of Nyborg was not a part of the Scanian War but of the Northern Wars of 1655-1661. It is included in the game as it is in many ways a very interesting battle that features many of the same participants that would fight in the Scanian War 16 years later. For a thorough narrative of the Northern Wars of 1655-1661 and the invasion of Fünen in 1659 see the Nothing Gained But Glory page on the GMT Website at http://www.gmtgames.com/p-242-nothing-gained-but-glory.aspx.

After the lightning Swedish victory over Denmark in the �657-�658 War, which saw a march on Copenhagen across the frozen belts between the Danish islands, the panic stricken Danes were forced to sign the harsh peace treaty of Roskilde in February �658. That treaty ceded the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, the island of Bornholm, and the Norwegian province of Tröndelag to Sweden. One of the more humiliating aspects of the treaty was the demand to remove all paintings and tapestries that had an anti-Swedish theme from all Danish castles.

However, King Karl X of Sweden soon regretted not having con-quered Denmark completely when he had the chance. In August �658 he surprised everyone by landing on the island of Zealand without a formal declaration of war and marching on Copenhagen. This time, however, the Danes decided to fight and defend their capital while awaiting the arrival of their allies. A Dutch relief force soon smashed the Swedish Navy and brought reinforcements to the beleaguered city, while a Polish-Austrian-Brandenburg army marched to Denmark´s aid from the south.

In February �659 a desperate Swedish assault on Copenhagen failed. Coupled with the liberation of Swedish-occupied Jutland by Coalition forces, the Swedes were forced on the defensive while the Allies discussed their next move. Because the Swedish main forces still blockaded Copenhagen, the Danish generals called for an invasion of the Swedish-occupied island of Fünen as a stepping stone to the liberation of Zealand. However, the Poles, Austrians, and Brandenburgers did not think an invasion of Fünen was neces-sary, as they saw it as purely a Danish goal aimed at ensuring the best possible terms at the peace table. They did, however, agree to support the invasion with minor contingents, and then redeployed most of their forces to Germany to fight the Swedish forces there. Additional Danish and Dutch forces to bolster the invasion were therefore drawn from Copenhagen, as the direct threat there had diminished due to the heavy losses incurred by the Swedes in the previous assault.

PreludeThe Swedish forces on Fünen, numbering about 5500, were under the command of Fältmarskalk von Sulzbach. While short on infan-try, a large part of these forces were veteran German cavalry and dragoons.

Initially the Allies attempted to cross the Little Belt from Jutland and made two attempts to land by sea near Nyborg. When these attempts failed, they sailed north and successfully landed 6200

men under command of Feltmarskal Schack at Kerteminde on the northeastern end of Fünen on November �2 (November 2), �659. They dug in there after repulsing several counterattacks by small Swedish forces. As the Swedish army moved their main forces towards Kerteminde, the other Coalition force under Feltmarskal Eberstein crossed the Little Belt at the western side of Fünen unop-posed with a force of 5000 men and immediately began marching east to link up with Schack.

The two Coalition armies successfully avoided being defeated piece-meal by the Swedes by seeking broken terrain every time Sulzbach concentrated against one of them. They knew the veteran Swedish cavalry would prove decisive in open terrain. This allowed the two armies to link up at Odense on November 20 (November �0). Sul-zbach, now outnumbered, withdrew towards the port and fortress town of Nyborg on the east side of Fünen in the hopes of delaying the Allies long enough to evacuate the island.

But the Allies were having problems of their own after their two forces joined up. The two commanders, Schack and Eberstein, were bitter personal rivals with very different views on how to proceed. The rash Eberstein wanted to seek battle at once while the more cautious Schack wanted to avoid a battle with the superior Swedish cavalry if at all possible, seeking to starve the Swedes into submis-sion. They eventually solved their command dispute by alternating command of the combined army between them on a daily basis, and thus began a slow march towards Nyborg. In the meantime the Swedish army was reinforced by �500 infantry when a small Swedish naval force managed to avoid the Coalition blockade.

On November 23 (November �3) the Allies were near Nyborg when news arrived from the fleet that their supplies were running low. They could only maintain the blockade for a few more days before they would be forced to depart, allowing the Swedes to evacuate Fünen. This finally convinced Schack of the need to offer battle before the Swedes could escape. Sulzbach decided to meet the Coalition army outside of Nyborg, as the fortress was not in good shape and the majority of his force consisted of cavalry. The oppos-ing armies made contact in the late morning hours on November 24 (November �4).

The BattleThe Swedish army, with about 7000 men, took up an excellent de-fensive position astride the Odense-Nyborg road, with its left flank anchored by a lake and its right by woods. Most of the battle line was covered by hedges or streams. The ��,000-strong combined Coalition army was arrayed in two lines with Eberstein´s corps in front and Schack´s corps behind him.

Eberstein´s corps started its attack at ��00 hours before Schack’s was ready. Eberstein still feared that the cautious Schack would back down from a battle, and therefore wanted to start the battle as soon as possible so that Schack would be forced to intervene. The Coalition attacks were stopped by Swedish musket and artillery fire, and then repulsed by several counterattacks by the Swedish veteran cavalry on both flanks. Eventually, the units of Eberstein´s right wing, followed by those of his left wing, were forced to retreat with heavy casualties. Only his infantry in the center and the artillery held their positions. An attack by Schack´s right wing in support of Eberstein´s attack was also repulsed. The fighting had lasted two and a half hours at this point and the outcome was very much in doubt.

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II 3


While Eberstein was fighting Sulzbach´s entire army, Schack moved most of his corps forward and took up positions to the right of Eberstein´s center to prevent a Swedish envelopment. Schack then launched an attack against the Swedish left and center with his well-drilled Dutch infantry together with some of Eberstein´s infantry. While the Dutch and Danish infantry fought the Swed-ish infantry, Schack´s right wing cavalry succeeded in throwing the Swedish left wing cavalry back and routed them after a short but fierce fight. As the Swedish cavalry fled towards Nyborg, the flanks of the Swedish infantry became very vulnerable. The Danish cavalry attacked the Swedish infantry in the flanks while the Dutch infantry kept up the pressure on their front, destroying much of the Swedish infantry. The remnants fled but were pursued mercilessly by the Polish cavalry.

The Swedish collapse on the left and center quickly spread to the right where Sulzbach was still holding his ground against Eberstein, who had rallied his forces and was attacking again. As Coalition units from the victorious wings were moving to attack his flank and rear, Sulzbach skillfully disengaged his remaining forces and escaped with his right wing cavalry to the relative safety of the fortress of Nyborg. However, the remaining infantry and dragoons weren´t so lucky and they were all killed or captured.

The AftermathAs evening fell the Allies followed the retreating Swedes to Nyborg and prepared to attack the fortress as soon as possible. During the night the two senior Swedish officers, Sulzbach and Stenbock, managed to escape in a small boat. When Coalition ships began bombarding the city the next day, the Swedish forces under GenLjt. Horn surrendered unconditionally.

Swedish losses during the battle had been very heavy, as only around half the original force was left at the time of the surrender. The prisoners numbered 3000 cavalrymen and a few hundred dragoons as well as three Swedish generals, twelve colonels, 22 guns, over a hundred colors, and the archive of the Swedish army. The troops were immediately absorbed into the ranks of the victorious Coali-tion army which therefore became larger than it had been before the battle. When Sulzbach and Stenbock met the Swedish King Karl X after their escape he is reported to have said: “If the Devil took all the sheep, he might as well have taken the rams, too.” (Stenbock is the Swedish word for a male ibex or mountain goat.)

The Coalition victory at Nyborg was important as it was a rare vic-tory against the normally unbeatable Swedes. The Fünen campaign not only weakened the Swedish hold on the other Danish islands they still occupied, but meant the complete loss of a large part of the Swedish veteran cavalry regiments that had been instrumental in their previous victories.

After the battle of Nyborg the Danish commanders praised the well-drilled Dutch infantry regiments and the skillful handling of their weapons, both offensively and defensively. The effective Dutch use of their pikes was especially praised, and became one of the reasons why the Danish army retained the pike in the infantry after the military reforms of the army following the war, despite the fact that it had been close to being phased out altogether before the start of the Northern Wars.

Despite the success at Nyborg and the desperate Swedish situation at the end of the war, the resulting Treaty of Copenhagen in �660 proved very disappointing to the Danes. There were only minor

changes made to the terms of the �658 Roskilde settlement in that Denmark regained the island of Bornholm and the Norwegian prov-ince of Tröndelag but not the recently ceded Scanian provinces. The Danish demands for those provinces were denied as the maritime powers of England and the Netherlands didn´t want either Scandi-navian kingdom to control both sides of The Sound, and thus be in a position to collect toll money from their Baltic trade.

The Danish wish for revenge and a return of the Scanian lands would have to be put on hold until an opportunity presented itself, which it would do in �675 with the outbreak of what would eventually be known as the Scanian War.

Coalition Forces Note: All leaders are Danish, except for Quast, who is from Bran-denburg.

ARMY COMMANDER: Schack (–�); Feltmarskal Hans Schack (�609-�676) was from Schleswig. He entered the Danish army as a teenager and participated in the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years War and served in the Swedish, French, and Danish armies from �630 to �654 when he became commander of Hamburg. In exchange for a noble title, he agreed to serve in the Danish army in �657. In addition to his role in the victory at Nyborg, he played a big part in the successful defense of Copenhagen in �658-60 and with the introduction of absolutism after the war he became commander of the entire army and a member of the royal council.

Eberstein’s Corps: Quast’s Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Quast (–�; Brandenburg); General-Wacht-meister Albrecht Christoph von Quast (�6�3-�669) began his military life in �630 as a musketeer in Swedish service, where he served until �648 when he took command of a cavalry regiment in the army of Münster. When the Northern Wars of �655-�66� began he took service with Brandenburg and commanded the Brandenburg contingent in the �657-�659 campaigns in Denmark. After the wars he stayed in Brandenburg service and was appointed governor of Spandau in �667; WIA.

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupGe. Dronningen 4-7 Cuir. 2605(Dronningens Livregiment till hest)The Queen’s Life Guard RoH (AKA Ditlev Rantzau’s Regiment; two squadrons), ObrLt. Gotfred Rauch commanding.

Ge. Kongen 5-7 HI Bde 2606(Kongens Livregiment till fods) w/ ArtyThe King’s Life Guard RoF, raised in the summer of 1658, Obr. Henrik Volrath Both (KIA) commanding. This was half of the regiment; the other half with the oldest companies stayed in Copenhagen.

Po. Piaseczynski 4-6 Cuir. 2607Colonel Kazimierz Piaseczynski´s DR (two squadrons). Piaseczynski was the Starost of the Polish province of Ostroleka and Mlawa and was killed by Sulz-bach during the battle.

Imp. Matthei 3-6 Cuir. 2608Two squadrons.

Imp. Caraffa 3-7 Cuir. 2609Two squadrons, Graf Caraffa commanding



Imp. Schultz 3-7 Cuir. 26�0Two squadrons, Obr. Schultz (WIA) commanding.

Da. Musketeers 2 x L�-4 LI Stacked with or adjacent toCommanded muskets. any of the above cuir. units.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupImp. Matthei 3-6 Cuir. 2407Two squadrons.

Cr. v.d.Nath 4-6 Cuir. 2408Three squadrons of Croats and Pandours, Graf Gerhard von der Nath com-manding.

Eberstein’s Corps: Eberstein’s Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Eberstein (–�); Feltmarskal Friherre Ernst Albrecht von Eberstein (�605-�676) was from a noble Frankish fam-ily. He fought in the entire Thirty Years War, serving on both sides. He rose from a page in �620 to Imperial Lieutenant-Fieldmarshal in �648. In �657 he entered Danish service, where he and Schack immediately became bitter rivals. He left Danish service in �665 in protest to the King´s unwillingness to give him the same rank and position as Schack, and served the last years of his life as a feldmarschall in Saxon service.

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDa. Ahlefeldt N5-6 HI no pikes 25��Claus Ahlefeldt’s IR, OberstLojtnant. Badenhaupt commanding.

Du. Killigrew 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 25�2Generaal William Killigrew’s IR. Killigrew was a British soldier of fortune and ultimately a general officer, who fought overseas, first for the King of Denmark and later the Princes of Orange. He seems to have been recalled to England at the Restoration, and had a RoF there.

Da. Eberstein N5-6 HI no pikes 25�3Eberstein’s IR, ObrLjt. Frederik Isenach commanding.

Br. Groeben 3-7 Cuir. 24�6Generalwachtmeister Georg Heinrich von der Groeben’s CR (AKA Greving; two squadrons).

Br. Quast 3-7 Cuir. 24�7Generalwachtmeister Albrecht Christoph von Quast´s CR (two squadrons).

Br. Kanitz 4-6 Cuir. 24�8ObrLt. Georg Friedrich von Kanitz’ DR, raised in 1655. See Special Rule 7.

Du. Meteren 4-8 HI Bde 24�9Kolonel Meteren’s IR (AKA Maistre).

Da. Eberstein 4-6 Cuir. 2520Eberstein’s leib regiment (three squadrons), ObrLjt. Josias Breide Rantzau commanding. He and two other officers of this regiment were KIA and three officers were WIA.

Da. Artillery 2 x 4-�4 4-8lb Arty Stacked with or adjacent to Ahlefeldt, Killigrew, or Eberstein HI units

14 guns: 6 x 6lb and 8 x 3lb (regimental) guns. The Danish artillery expended 200 rounds of 6lb ammunition and 200 rounds of 3lb ammunition during the battle. A large part of the Danish artillery in Schack’s corps was slowed by the muddy roads and did not arrive in time for the battle.

Da. Musketeers L�-4 LI Stacked with or adjacent toCommanded muskets. any of the above cuir. units.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupBr. Kannenberg 4-6 Cuir. 22�7Three squadrons.

Schack’s Corps: Right Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: H. Ahlefeldt (–�); Generalløjtnant Hans Ahlefeldt (1624-1694) was a Catholic Danish officer and the brother of C. Ahlefeldt. He served in the Imperial army during the Thirty Years War, but returned to Denmark in �648. However, he was forced to leave the country the next year after killing his sister´s husband in a duel, and then served in the French and Swedish armies. On the outbreak of war in �657 he was pardoned by the king and he served well in the �657-58 and �658-60 wars. After the wars he was ap-pointed commander of the cavalry and later on became the governor of Fünen and commander of the Fortress of Nyborg.

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDa. Musketeers L�-4 LI 2�04Commanded muskets.

Da. Gyldenløve 4-6 Cuir. 2�05Three squadrons, Obr. Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve (an illegitimate son of King Frederik III) commanding.

Da. Schack 3-6 Cuir. 2�06Schack’s CR (two squadrons), ObrLjt. Jacob Geveke commanding.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDa. 2. N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 2006(2. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere)2nd Northern Jutland RoH, (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Johan Brockenhuus commanding.

Schack’s Corps: Center Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: C. Ahlefeldt (0); Generalløjtnant Claus Ahlefeldt (1614-1674) was a Danish officer and the brother of H. Ahlefeldt. Married to the youngest daughter of King Christian IV, Claus Ahlefeldt was favored by the king and received an enlisted regiment of cavalry at the outbreak of the �643-45 Torstenson War against Sweden. He fought in the �657-�66� wars as well and was second in command in Schack’s Corps during the Nyborg campaign. After the wars he was appointed commander of the Norwegian forces.

Nat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDu. Killigrew 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 2�07See Killigrew above.

Du. Aloa 2 x 4-8 HI Bde w/ Arty 2�08, 2�09Kolonel Aloa´s IR (AKA Allowa), Sir Walther Vane commanding (Aloa was ill).

Du. Meteren 4-8 HI Bde 2��0Kolonel. Meteren’s IR (AKA Maistre).



Schack’s Corps: Left Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Trampe (0); Generalmajor Joachim Frans Trampe. Not much is known about this officer. He was appointed oberst in the Danish army in �657 while serving in the Spanish Netherlands, and then served in Denmark in the wars against Sweden before being appointed a member of the new war council. In �666 he was accused of disciplinary offenses, but was pardoned by the queen and discharged upon promising never to serve the enemies of Denmark. His further fate is unknown.

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDa. �. N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 2��2(�. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere) 1st Northern Jutland RoH (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Obr. Hans Friis commanding.

Ge. Trampe 3-6 Cuir. 2��4Joachim Trampe’s enlisted CR from Holstein (two squadrons), ObrLjt. Christian Poulsen commanding. This regiment had been part of a force of 2000 cavalry forced to serve under Sweden as part of the Roskilde settlement of 1658.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupDa. 3. N. Jydske 4-6 Cuir. 20�4(3. Nørrejydske regiment ryttere)3rd Northern Jutland RoH (three squadrons), raised earlier that year, Johan Brockenhuus commanding.

Swedish ForcesARMY COMMANDER: Sulzbach (–2); Fältmarskalk Pfalzgraf Phillip Florinus von Pfalz-Sulzbach (�630-�703) was a German nobleman and relative of the Swedish King. He entered Swedish service in �655 as överste of an enlisted regiment of cavalry. He quickly rose in the ranks, and was promoted to fältmarskalk when he was appointed supreme commander of the Swedish forces on Fünen. He was known as a skilled warrior and an energetic leader of men, and famously killed eight opponents during the battle of Nyborg, including the Polish Colonel Piaseczynski and Oberstløjt-nant Rantzau from Eberstein’s Leib regiment.

Right Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Bötticher (–�); Generalmajor Hans Böt-ticher (AKA Beddeker; KIA).

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupGe. Öffener 4-8 Cuir. 30�5Övr. Georg Friedrich Öffener commanding.

Ge. Weimar 4-8 Cuir. 30�6Övr. Duke Adolph Wilhelm von Saxe-Weimar commanding.

Ge. Bötticher 4-8 Cuir. 30�7Generalmajor Hans Bötticher´s CR.

Ge. Taube 3-7 Cuir. 30�8Taube’s DR (AKA Leib), GenLt. Henrik Johan Taube commanding.

Ge. Weidenbach L2-6 LI 29�8GenLt. Wolf Albrecht Weidenbach’s DR. The regiment fought dismounted here.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupGe. Livregem. 4-8 Cuir. 32�6(Livregementet)AKA Alt-Waldeck, GenLt. Bremer commanding.

Ge. Königsmarck 4-8 Cuir. 3��7Count Conrad Christopher von Königsmarck (POW) commanding.

Center Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Stenbock (–2); Fältmarskalk Gustav Otto von Stenbock (�6�4-�685) served in the Thirty Years War and was appointed member of the royal council in �652 and fältmarskalk in �656. After the �657-�658 war with Denmark he was made gov-ernor-general of the newly conquered Scanian lands from �658 to �664. After the Northern Wars he was chancellor of the University of Lund from �666 to �684 and chosen to be commander in chief of the Swedish Navy in �664 even though he had no naval experi-ence. In �676 he was removed from this position by a court for mishandling his responsibilities.

REPLACEMENT: Weyher (–�); Generalmajor Adam Weyher (?-1676) was a Pomeranian officer who entered Swedish service during the Thirty Years War. Remaining in Swedish service after that war, he was appointed commander of Warsaw during the Northern War of �656 and was captured when the fortress surrendered. He was quickly exchanged however, and led a regiment of dragoons dur-ing the �657 invasion of Denmark. At the end of the war in �66� he entered the service of Brunswick-Lüneburg until �673 when he switched to Danish service. During the Scanian War he served as second in command to Johan Adolf von Plön until he died in October �676.

Nat. Unit Ratings Type SetupSv. Musketeers L�-4 LI 3�08Commanded muskets from the infantry battalions.

Ge. Schmidt 5-7 HI 3�09Övr. Johan Schmidt commanding.

Sv. Kruse 5-7 HI 3��0AKA the Kalmar IR, Övr. Kruse commanding.

Sv. Skytte 5-7 HI 3��2Includes Vavasour’s English troops.

Sv. Taube 5-7 HI 3��4Not the same regiment as the one in the Right Wing.

Sv. Musketeers L�-4 LI 30�4Commanded muskets from the infantry battalions.

Sv. Artillery 2 x 4-�4 4-8lb Arty Stacked with or adja-8 field guns (probably 6 lb). cent to an HI unit

Left Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Horn (–�); Generallöjtnant Baron Henrik Horn (1618-1693) was a Swedish officer with estates in Livonia. He became an överste (colonel) in �643 and by �657 he was commander of the army in Finland and a member of the royal council. After the Northern Wars he was promoted fältmarskalk in �665 and governor-general of Bremen-Verden in �666. During the Scanian War he lost control of Bremen-Verden to the massive Coalition invasion force



in �676, and he was appointed commander in chief of the Swedish Navy in �677 despite having no naval experience. He regained his post in Bremen-Verden in �680 after the Scanian War.

REPLACEMENT: Waldeck (0); Generalmajor Johann II von Waldeck- Landau (1623-1668) was the only higher officer on the Swedish side who wasn´t known as a hardened and experienced warrior.

1st LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupGe. Waldeck 4-8 Cuir. 3205Generalmajor Waldeck´s CR (AKA Jung-Waldeck).

Ge. Horn 4-8 Cuir. 3206Generalleutnant. Baron Henrik Horn´s CR.

Ge. Peter 4-8 Cuir. 3207Övr. Peter von Kiesel (AKA Colonel Peter) commanding.

Ge. Schönleben 4-8 Cuir. 3208Övr. Johan Benedikt von Schönleben´s CR, formerly Count Phillip von Solms-Hungern´s Regiment.

2nd LineNat. Unit Ratings Type SetupGe. Tauer 3-8 Cuir. 3405Formerly known as Markgraf Carl Magnus of Baden-Durlach´s CR (330 men), ÖvrLt. Hans von Tauer commanding.

Ge. Engels 4-7 Cuir. 3407Övr. Hans Heinrich Engels commanding.

Special Rules: 1. Slopes: All slopes hexsides are gentle for purposes of �0.9.3.

2. Retreat Edges: • The Swedish retreat edge is the southeastern (42xx) edge.• The Coalition retreat edge is the northwestern (�0xx) edge.

3. Senior Wing Commanders: • Allies: Eberstein then C. Ahlefeldt• Swedes: Stenbock then Horn

4. Special Terrain: Treat both the Juelsberg Manor (hex 2320) and the church outside of Hjulby (hex �307) as village hexes.

5. Coalition Command Rivalry: The AC (Schack) does not activate when wings of Eberstein’s Corps activate, nor can he affect units or WCs of those 2 wings. He may stack with any friendly units, however. This rule applies only to Schack and not to either of his replacements.

6. Eberstein’s Uncoordinated Attack: The aggressive Eberstein was insistent on attacking the Swedish position so as to provoke a battle that the more cautious Schack would be forced to intervene in. The following rules reflect this situation:• Eberstein´s Wing may not attempt to change Orders until after a

unit of that wing has moved adjacent to a Swedish unit. Quast’s Wing may not attempt to change Orders until after a unit of that wing has moved adjacent to a Swedish unit.

• All three Wing Commanders in Schack’s Corps start the game as Finished.

• Schack must set up stacked with a unit in his corps.

7. Coalition Option: Replace the Kanitz 4-6 Cuir. unit in Eberstein’s Wing with the two Kanitz L2-6 LI units, and set them up in or adjacent to hex 24�8. This option costs no Victory Points. (Some sources state that this unit fought dismounted.)

8. Swedish Option: Add a 4-8lb artillery battery to the Swedish Left Wing. It can setup on, or adjacent to, any unit of that wing. This option costs no Victory Points. (Some sources state that an artillery battery was supporting the Swedish left wing. The advantage of having a gun on the left wing is balanced out by the extra VPs the Allies can earn if they should capture it.)

Start Time: ��:00 AM (Turn �)

Maximum Duration: �2 turns (through the end of the 2:40 PM turn, Turn �2, when the sun began to set)

Historical Starting Orders:Allies (see Special Rule 6): • Quast & Eberstein: Start under Charge Orders• Right, Center, and Left: Start under Receive Charge Orders &

Finished

Swedes: All Wings start under Make Ready Orders

Victory Conditions:VPs TypeofVictory 4� or more Decisive Swedish Victory�6 to 40 Marginal Swedish Victory –�4 to �5 Draw–34 to –�5 Marginal Coalition Victory–35 or less Decisive Coalition Victory

Basic Victory Levels:Coalition:Type PointsinPlay LossesHorse �80 40Foot 45 �0Artillery 20 0_________________________________Total 245 50

Swedish:Type PointsinPlay LossesHorse �20 60Foot 20 20Artillery 20 20_________________________________Total �60 �00

Historical Outcome: A Decisive Coalition Victory with a VP dif-ferential of –50.

Swedish Points: 50Coalition Points:�00Result: 50 – ��0 = –50



A HISTORICAL NARRATIVE OF THE SCANIAN WAR

DESIGNER’S NOTES: The following narrative of the Scanian War supplements (but does not duplicate) the historical notes before each scenario. It therefore contains more information about the periods and places not covered in the battle descriptions and only briefly describes the events around the battles included in the game. When reading the battle descriptions I recommend that players consult the maps included here, as this will give them a better idea of what’s going on. Likewise, I hope this narrative gives players the opportunity to see the battles they are gaming in their greater historical context and get a better understanding about this little known period in Baltic history.

All dates are in the old style (Julian) calendar. Also, Scania as used here indicates the region that includes the provinces of Halland, Blekinge, and Skåne itself.

The Road to WarScandinavian and Baltic Rivalry Sweden and Denmark had been bitter rivals in the struggle for supremacy for the Baltic ever since Sweden broke out of the Dan-ish-dominated Kalmar Union in �524. Both sought to control the cities at the mouths of the great rivers where trade flowed from the cities within Germany and Poland. But the single biggest prize of the Baltic lay just outside the Danish capital of Copenhagen.

In the �7th century the Baltic re-gion was rich in natural resources and contained the trading centers of Riga and Danzig. All ships car-rying goods and money between Western Europe and the Baltic had to pass through the narrow Danish-controlled Sound and pay the much resented Sound tolls to the Danish kings. This income made the Danish monarchs among the richest men in Europe, and made control of the Sound a critical objective of both Scandinavian monarchs as well as a matter of great importance to the rulers of the maritime powers of Europe.

Sweden had expanded its empire greatly in the eastern Baltic dur-ing its wars with Muscovy and Poland-Lithuania in the early �7th century. Its intervention in the Thirty Years War, as well as its war with Denmark in �643-45, resulted in further territorial gains in Northern Germany, Norway, and the Baltic, but also meant that Sweden had

made vengeful enemies of all its neighbors in the Baltic region. In addition, the Northern Wars of �655-�66� saw Sweden engaged with Poland (itself engulfed in a bitter civil war following the Cos-sack rebellion), Muscovy (which also fought against Poland until �667), Denmark (twice), Brandenburg (after the Elector abandoned his Swedish alliance and joined Poland), and the United Provinces (following Sweden´s unprovoked attack on Denmark shortly after the two countries had made peace).

Despite its rather desperate situation at the end of these wars, the resulting peace settlements resulted in Sweden expanding its terri-tory even further. Sweden acquired the Scanian provinces of Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge, thus breaking the exclusive Danish control over the Sound. The maritime powers refused to support Danish claims to regain the provinces lost in the first war with Sweden (�657-58) as they didn´t want any of the Scandinavian kingdoms to control both sides of the Sound. This disastrous outcome served as a catalyst for the introduction of absolutism in Denmark in �660, wide-scale reforms, and a strong desire for revenge.

The Larger European ContextAfter the Thirty Years War and the Northern Wars Sweden was in-creasingly isolated in Europe, surrounded by states wishing to undo its gains. As a consequence, Sweden maintained a strong army at all times. However, because this was more expensive than Sweden



and its empire could afford, the country was forced to ally with any country willing to subsidize its army. For most of the post-�648 period this meant an alliance with France. As many of Sweden’s rivals in the Baltic, and in particularly Denmark, made the acquisi-tion of Swedish lands a top priority, they invariably allied with those countries opposed to Sweden´s ally so as to be assured of support in a future war with Sweden.

In �672 France, with support from England, invaded the Dutch Republic. The Dutch initially fought alone but were soon joined by the Duke of Lorraine, The Holy Roman Emperor, and the King of Spain in the Quadruple Alliance. When Friedrich Wilhelm, the Elec-tor of Brandenburg, joined the coalition against France in �674, the French began to put pressure on the Swedes to attack Brandenburg while its army was away to take that country out of the coalition and ease the pressure on France.

There was no enthusiasm in Sweden for going to war, and its leaders would have preferred to stay out of the Franco-Dutch conflict and instead consolidate their holdings in Germany and Scania. To do that, however, would have meant the end of French subsidies, without which the Swedes could not maintain the large army upon which everything depended. So when Louis XIV tugged his purse strings Sweden duly followed and invaded Brandenburg in December �674, thereby starting what would become known as the Scanian War.

The situation at the start of the war and events in 1674-75 The German TheaterIn late December �674 the Swedish army invaded Brandenburg with a �6,000 strong army. The invasion was mostly unopposed as the Brandenburg army was fighting the French on the Rhine. Despite this, the invading army moved slowly and soon went into winter quarters as their logistical situation was poor, made worse by the hostile attitude of the population who responded by burning stores and avoiding contact with the Swedes.

The �675 campaign saw the Swedes move deeper into Branden-burg territory. In June one Swedish force was operating west of Berlin while another was at Havelsberg when news arrived that the Brandenburg army had returned from the west and was marching towards them. By skilful and decisive manoeuvre and force march-ing the Brandenburg Elector managed to get his 5600 cavalry and dragoons between the two Swedish forces and attacked one of them unsupported at Fehrbellin on June �8. (See the description with the Fehrbellin scenario.) The resulting battle saw the 7000 strong Swedish army withdraw, but neither side suffered high losses. The ensuing retreat and pursuit by the Brandenburg army, however, shattered Swedish morale because their myth of invincibility was also a victim of the battle.



The battle of Fehrbellin helped persuade King Christian V of Den-mark to join in the war, and in late summer he dispatched an army of �9,000 men under Adam Weyher towards Pomerania through neutral Mecklenburg. The Danish King was present with the main army and his constant interference in command was to be a constant problem for the Danish army throughout the war.

After having forced the passage of the Recknitz River, the main army moved against the town of Stralsund in Pomerania. A com-bined attack of the Danish and Brandenburg armies on Stralsund was requested by the Elector but declined by King Christian V, who saw greater gains from a separate campaign. He instead invested the town of Wismar, a Swedish possession strongly fortified on the coast in the middle of the Mecklenburg States. After a difficult and very costly siege the town was successfully stormed on December �3, after which the Danish main army was pulled back to Denmark to recover and reorganize.

The Duchy of Bremen-Verden in the western part of the German theater was poor, but strategically located on the estuary of the riv-ers Elbe and Weser, which granted its owner a considerable income from tariffs. It was important to the Elector of Brandenburg that the duchy and the Swedish forces there were neutralized so as not to become a threat to his planned occupation of Swedish Pomerania. He was prepared to abandon any claims to the area in order to achieve this gain.

The duchy was defended by a 4500 strong army under Fältmarskalk Henrik Horn. It was invaded in September by a slightly smaller army from Münster, soon reinforced by a Danish contingent of 2800 men, 2000 troops from Brandenburg, and 3000 from Lüneburg. At year end all fortified places in Bremen, except the main town of Stade, had fallen to the coalition.

The Norwegian TheaterThe Norwegian army was under the command of Gyldenløve, the Danish governor of Norway. At the start of hostilities it had a strength of �2,000 so it was not short of men, but it was short of supplies and equipment. The majority of the army was stationed in southern Norway near the border to Bohuslän province, a former Danish-Norwegian province. The rest of the long border between Norway and Sweden was lightly manned by both sides as the harsh terrain meant that it was only necessary to garrison a few chokepoints to deny access to large enemy formations.

Not until October did the army receive the needed shipments of weapons, gunpowder, and clothes that Gyldenløve needed to con-duct his planned offensive southwards. After repelling some minor Swedish incursions, the Norwegian army marched into Bohuslän province. However, a shortage of food forced the army to retreat back across the Norwegian border in December and enter winter quarters. At roughly the same time the Swedish king abandoned his plan of transferring his army across the Sound in order to force a quick end to the war by taking Copenhagen, and marched north to attack Norway instead.

In January �676 the Swedish army made raids into Värmland to force the Norwegians out of southeast Norway, but failed as the Norwegians responded by raiding the already pillaged Bohuslän province and Dalsland. As a result of this the Swedish supply situ-ation worsened and they were forced to enter winter quarters them-selves. When spring came the Swedish King Karl XI decided to quit his Norwegian plan and instead relocated the army to Scania

The War at SeaAs the Swedish army in Germany was dependent on supplies, money and troops from Sweden, the role of the Swedish navy was critical to success from the start of the war. As Brandenburg did not have a navy with which to interdict Swedish shipping the Swedish lines of communications across the southern Baltic were secure at the start of the war. This situation changed dramatically when Denmark entered the war in August �675 following the Battle of Fehrbellin.

At the beginning of the war the Swedish navy outnumbered the Danish navy by �8 ships of the line to �6 and by 2� frigates to ��. In addition, the Swedish navy bolstered their forces by employing merchant ships converted to warships, while the Danish navy would be reinforced from its allies as the Dutch sent a small fleet to assist them for most of the war.

Although outnumbered, the Danish navy had some significant advantages over its Swedish adversary. Its ships were generally newer and better maintained, and its crews more experienced from previous service on Dutch ships. The main base of the Danish fleet, Copenhagen, was ice free for most of the year and was located close to the important sea lanes of the southern Baltic. In comparison, the Swedish naval base of Stockholm was located far from the theater, the port was closed by ice until April, and any ships sailing from the port were troubled by unfavorable winds for most of the year. The Swedish navy was also disadvantaged by inexperienced and incompetent leadership for most of the war, while the Danish and Dutch fleets were led by experienced men.

The Danish plans were to cover the waters between the islands of Bornholm and Rügen and give battle if the Swedes tried to cross this line. In addition the navy was to blockade the only Swedish port in the area, Göteborg, to prevent it from being used as a source of supplies and reinforcements for the Swedish possessions of Bre-men-Verden in northwestern Germany.

The Swedish King´s instructions to his fleet were very ambitious. He ordered the fleet to sail into the southern Baltic and secure the lines of communications between Sweden and its possessions in Pomerania as well as the port of Wismar. In addition, it was to seek battle with the Danish navy and cut it off from its main base of Copenhagen. Once these tasks were completed it was to maintain control of the Sound and the belts and attack Dutch shipping in Danzig and Königsberg.

Events soon revealed these instructions to have been overly opti-mistic. In October, after just two weeks at sea and before making contact with the enemy, the fleet was forced to turn back to Stock-holm due to illness and bad weather. Despite angry letters from the King urging it to action it stayed in port for the rest of the year. The Swedish squadron in Göteborg didn´t live up to expectations either, as lack of supplies prevented its departure until after the port was blockaded by the Danes.

The unfortunate performance of the Swedish fleet in 1675 thus gave the Danes control over the waters between Sweden and its German possessions. This would have catastrophic consequences for the out-numbered Swedish forces in Germany after their defeat at Fehrbellin and the entry of Danish forces in the war in Germany

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II�0


Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II ��


Events in 1676The German TheaterIn Bremen-Verden the coalition army opposing the strong fortress of Stade was bolstered by reinforcements from Brunswick-Lüneburg, Münster, and Denmark throughout April, bringing its numbers to �2,000 men. During May this force managed to isolate the town by taking a number of important redoubts linking the town to the Elbe River. This occurred just days before the arrival of a Swedish relief force sent by sea from Göteborg, which was then unable to reach the town. The ensuing isolation lead to widespread hunger and disease during June and July, and on August 3 the fortress surrendered, leaving the entire province in coalition hands.

Apart from a small occupation force, the coalition army was split up and sent to reinforce the war effort elsewhere. The Danish forces were sent to Denmark and Scania, the Münster force and elements of the Brunswick force were sent westwards to join the Imperial army fighting France, while the rest of the Brunswick army marched east to join the Elector of Brandenburg in Pomerania. The coalition members subsequently divided Bremen-Verden between them, with Denmark taking the western part, the Duke of Brunswick-Celle the eastern, and the Bishop of Münster the southern part. This arrange-ment would prove to be short-lived, however, as the peace treaties at the end of the war returned the province to Swedish hands.

In Pomerania, in the eastern part of the German Theater, the coalition forces stayed in their winter quarters late into the spring which lead the Swedish commander Königsmarck to exploit the situation and take the offensive. The Swedish main army in Germany was small, as the need to garrison the fortresses of Stralsund, Greifswalde, Dem-min, Anclam, and Stettin as well as keeping an observation force on the island of Rügen tied up large numbers of men. Königsmarck had been promised reinforcements from Sweden, but decided to begin operations without them, and in May Königsmarck advanced towards Wolgast castle and placed it under siege.

The Brandenburg army was very slow to react and was not as-sembled and ready to move until the end of June at Parchim. The first Brandenburg attempt to relieve Wolgast was repulsed on the island of Usedom. However, news of the Swedish naval defeat off Öland (see the War at Sea, below) forced Königsmarck to retreat behind the line of Anclam-Demmin-Triebsee Pass to conserve his army as he realized that reinforcements would not be forthcoming after all. On July 7 the Elector of Brandenburg attacked the Triebsee Pass and after fierce fighting the Swedish army was forced to retreat and abandon the siege of Wolgast. The Brandenburg army subsequently laid siege to both Anclam and Demmin. After having repulsed a Brandenburg storm with heavy losses to both sides, the garrison of Anclam surrendered the fortress on August 26 in exchange for free passage. The siege of Demmin was longer as it did not become ef-fective until late September with the arrival, from Bremen-Verden, of General von Ende’s Brunswick troops. As at Anclam, the garrison of Demmin surrendered the fortress in October and was granted free passage after having repulsed an assault of the fortress.

In the meantime the Elector and the main Brandenburg army had arrived before the gates of Stettin, one of the main ports and for-tresses of Swedish Pomerania. The fortress was strongly garrisoned and stocked, and the garrison actively supported by the pro-Swedish citizens. This, combined with the coming onset of winter, convinced the Elector to abandon his siege after a month and go into winter

quarters. Thus, �676 ended with the Swedes still in control of the two most important towns in Pomerania, Stettin and Stralsund.

The Scanian TheaterOn June 29, �676, a Danish army of �4,000 men crossed the Sound and invaded Scania at Råå, a town a little to the south of Helsingborg. This was a very well planned amphibious landing that succeeded without any mishaps as it was virtually unopposed. The Swedish forces in the Scanian lands only numbered 7000 men including all garrisons, so the small field army abandoned Skåne and Blekinge and retreated northwards, leaving the fortified towns of Malmö, Helsingborg, Landskrona and Kristianstad to their fate.

Helsingborg was taken soon after the invasion, but sadly for the Danes one of the best Danish generals, Niels Rosenkrantz, was killed in the action. On August 2 Landskrona was taken, and on August �5 Kristianstad was taken as well. Only Malmö remained in Swedish hands. The Danish Navy conducted further minor landings along the southern and eastern coast and took the minor towns of Christianopel and Karlshamn.

So far everything had succeeded for the Danes. In addition to the problems caused by the Danish army the Swedish control of the provinces was threatened by a revolt of some of the rural popula-tion of Skåne and Blekinge. A very bloody guerrilla war ensued, called The War of the Snaphances (after the word for an early type of flintlock used by the guerrillas of Skåne and Gønge in this and earlier wars).

The string of victories caused the Danish King Christian V to become overly optimistic and a small corps of 3500 men under Duncan was surprised and wiped out by the Swedish main army at Halmstad in August, when it was advancing unsupported northwards to link up with the Norwegian army. (See the description of the Halmstad scenario.)

In early fall King Christian V decided, against the advice of the army commander, to go into winter quarters instead of seeking a decisive battle with the much smaller Swedish army. This resulted in a crisis of command and led to Christian V assuming direct control of the army after the resignation of the Duke of Plön.

Once more the energetic Swedish king took the initiative and against all odds attacked the Danish winter quarters at Lund on December 4, winning a decisive victory against the Danes. (See the description of the Lund scenario.) Following the battle the Danish main army had to retreat to Sjælland and shortly after the town of Helsingborg surrendered to the Swedes, leaving only Kristianstad and Landskrona in Danish hands at year’s end.

The Norwegian TheaterThe campaign plan for the Norwegian army in �676 was to support the planned Danish invasion into Skåne by advancing south towards Göteborg once again. By early June the army moved south and cap-tured Uddevalla and Vänersborg, but an outbreak of disease slowed the offensive and caused heavy attrition. Out of a force of 7000 in June, around 3000 were sick by August. Gyldenløve therefore con-centrated his efforts on the fortress of Båhus, but he was unable to coordinate his efforts with the navy. He was soon forced to abandon the siege and retreat back towards Norway when rumors arrived of a Swedish relief army. This early retreat allowed the Swedish king to concentrate his efforts on the Danish army which was a major factor in the coming winter campaign in Skåne.



The War at SeaAfter the successes on land in Germany in �675 the Danish objec-tives for �676 was an invasion across the Sound and the conquest of the Scanian provinces. A prerequisite for this was naval superiority of the southern Baltic, and in support of this goal the Danish navy landed troops on the Swedish island of Gotland in late April �676 that successfully took the island. Another step towards achieving naval superiority over the larger Swedish navy was the departure of a Dutch auxiliary fleet to reinforce the Danes.

The instructions to the Swedish navy were again very ambitious. They were to seek the nearest way to the Sound and defeat the Dan-ish navy before it could combine with the Dutch and defeat the two navies piecemeal. After this they were to transfer several thousand men to support their army in Pomerania. Unfortunately the fleet was not ready to sail before early May and didn´t reach the waters around Bornholm before May 25. By this time the Danes had been reinforced by the Dutch auxiliary fleet of eight ships of the line. Nevertheless, the Swedish navy with its 38 ships and a total of 2062 guns was still considerably larger than the Danish-Dutch fleet of 35 ships with a total of �675 guns. But despite this they were foiled by the superior leadership and maneuverability of their opponents in the Battle of Bornholm on May 24-25.

The presence of such a large Swedish fleet was a large threat for the planned invasion across the Sound into Scania, and it was therefore imperative that the Swedish fleet be driven away from the waters near the Sound. The Danish main fleet was reinforced by a Dutch auxiliary fleet and managed to catch up with the Swedes off the coast of Öland on June �. The ensuing battle was characterized by bad leadership on the Swedish side and ended in an overwhelming victory for the Danish-Dutch fleet. That fleet lost no major ships but managed to sink five Swedish ships of the line including the flagship. The Swed-ish fleet was pursued all the way back to Stockholm where it stayed the rest of the year, so the seas were now secure for the invasion of Scania. On June 27 a minor force made a diversionary landing at Ystad on the southern coast of Sweden and two days later, on June 29, the navy was available to escort the �4,000 troops mentioned above that invaded at Råå.

LivoniaNeeding reinforcements on all fronts, the Swedish King Karl XI prepared to transfer the forces in Sweden´s Baltic provinces to the German or Scanian theaters. After the death of the Russian Tsar Alexis in �676, it became possible that this could be achieved without fear of Russian incursions, and the Swedes began to gather and equip an army near Riga in Livonia

Events in 1677The German TheaterIn July the Elector of Brandenburg resumed the siege of Stettin at the head of a Brandenburg-Danish- Lüneburg force of 20,000 men backed up by considerable siege artillery. Stettin was defended by Generalmajor von Wulffen and 2300 troops reinforced by a citizen militia and the garrison resisted stubbornly. Consequently, the

Elector began a long methodical siege that lasted until the attackers managed to breach the town walls on December �0, forcing von Wulffen to surrender.

In addition to the effort against Stettin the coalition made plans against Stralsund, and in September �677 a combined coalition force made an amphibious assault on the island of Rügen just to the north of Stralsund. They quickly overran the small Swedish garrison and conquered the entire island except for a small Swedish bridgehead at the Neuefähr sconce (a redoubt or earthwork). The coalition force left to garrison the island was inadequately supplied and subsequently lost many troops to illness during the fall and winter because of unsound quarters.

The Scanian TheaterDuring the late winter and spring of �677 the Swedes took advantage of the absence of Danish opposition to deal with the threat caused by the Snaphance guerrillas across the Scanian provinces. The Swedes energetically and ruthlessly pursued the guerrillas, killing and burning anything and anyone who was connected with the Snaphances and forcing the towns and villages to sign declarations of loyalty to the Swedish crown. The remaining Snaphance bands responded in kind, which only served to aggravate the conditions of the populace in general.

In the spring of �677 the Danish army was transferred back to Scania, and soon again controlled large parts of the province. In May, King Christian disembarked �2,000 men at Landskrona, forcing King Karl to give up his siege of Kristianstad. A new high commander of the Danish forces, Baron Joachim Rüdiger Freiherr von der Goltz, was appointed, as the King apparently found his own abilities as a general to be flawed. Unfortunately, Goltz was no more able than his predecessor to stop the court intrigues and meddling in military affairs.

The two armies met outside Landskrona. Despite having more than a 2-� superiority in numbers the Danish king hesitated long enough to allow the Swedish army time to retreat after the Swedish king´s advisors had persuaded him of the folly of fighting at such odds.

The Danish army then moved south and invested Malmö, but a pre-mature attack on the town on the night of June 25/26 was repulsed with heavy losses. (See the description of the Malmö scenario.) Fol-lowing this the siege was abandoned and the Danish army retreated back towards Landskrona. Upon hearing of the Danish repulse, the Swedish King immediately moved to intercept the Danes before they could be reinforced. He was too late, however, and in the ensuing battle of Landskrona on July 14 the Danish army fielded a strong auxiliary contingent of Imperial, Münster and Hessian troops. Despite this, the battle was a major Swedish victory that demonstrated the superiority of the Swedish troops and leadership. (See the description of the Landskrona scenario.)

After the defeat the Danes retreated into the safety of Landskrona and from there transferred most of the army back to Sjælland. The Swedes blockaded the town, and then moved on to besiege Kristianstad.

The Danish army made no further attempt to contest Scania in �677 apart from a minor relief operation that succeeded in bring-ing reinforcements into Kristianstad. The Swedes were content to besiege Kristianstad as they lacked the strength to take the Danish coastal fortresses. Following the many disappointments of the year the Danish commander von der Goltz was sacked.

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II �3


The Norwegian TheaterGyldenløve and the Norwegian forces were very successful in �677. During the summer they took the fortresses of Marstrand and Karl-sten and subsequently defeated the Swedes in the battle of Uddevalla. The battle was the biggest of the war on the Norwegian theatre and saw a Danish-Norwegian army of 5600 men completely rout a Swed-ish army under de la Guardie of 3000 men, of which around half were peasant militia. The Norwegian army also occupied the provinces of Bohus and Jämtland, but was forced to leave the latter and turn home when a stronger Swedish force appeared in the fall.

The War at SeaThe battle off Öland in �676 knocked the Swedish navy out only temporarily. They still had a large navy and every intention of us-ing it in the coming year. In the spring the Göteborg squadron was ordered to cut the connection between Denmark and Norway and then to sail through the Belts and unite with the Swedish main fleet in the Baltic. The instructions for the main fleet were to set sail as soon as possible in order to defeat the enemy navy and relieve the hard-pressed fortress of Stettin in Pomerania before the arrival of the Dutch auxiliary fleet. Despite this, the Swedish main fleet didn´t go to sea until June 9.

The Danish situation in the spring of �677 was serious. After the defeats on land at Halmstad and Lund the army had been forced to transfer to Sjælland to reorganize. This underlined the importance of maintaining the superiority at sea if the Scanian fortresses were to be held and if the army was to make a new attempt at conquering the Scanian provinces. While the departure of the Dutch auxiliary fleet was delayed, the Danish fleet was able to set sail before the Swedish. The Danes intercepted the small Göteborg squadron and annihilated it off the island of Møn it before it could reinforce the main fleet.

Attention now turned to the Swedish main fleet. A Danish defeat at sea at this time would have grave consequences for the army in Scania as it pre-pared for the siege of Malmö. For this reason the King urged the fleet to guard the Sound and remain on the defensive until the Dutch fleet arrived. But the Swedish navy took the initia-tive before the Dutch arrived and attacked the Danish fleet on July 1. In the decisive Battle of Køge Bay a Swedish fleet of 22 ships of the line, four frigates, and eight converted merchantmen with a total of 1745 guns was defeated by a Danish fleet of 20 ships of the line and seven frigates with �320 guns. The Swedes lost eight ships of the line while the Danes lost no ships.

This massive victory meant that the Danes controlled the seas for the rest of the year, and after the defeat at Landskrona on land the Danish King was eager to exploit this situation in order to achieve some gains outside of Scania. The navy was duly ordered to make a number of minor raids against the coast of Småland and the island of Öland where the landing parties succeeded in pillaging and burning supplies, but without having noticeable effect on the war at land. In September the Danish navy transported without Swedish interference a joint coalition force to the island of Rügen, where it quickly took control of most, but not all, of the island.

LivoniaThe Swedish plans for raising a new army in Livonia for service in Germany or Scania was dealt a harsh blow as a massive fire ravaged Riga, destroying all the depots and equipment for the army.

Events in 1678Events in EuropeIn August �678, France and the Dutch Republic signed the Treaties of Nijmegen, ending Dutch participation in the Franco-Dutch war. Sweden was not part of the treaty, but a paragraph in the treaty forced the Dutch Republic to take a neutral approach toward Sweden, and the treaty therefore meant the end of any Dutch naval assistance to the Danes in the Scanian War.

The German TheaterThe threat to Stralsund of the coalition hold on Rügen and the weakened state of the coalition forces on the island had not escaped the Swedish commander Königsmarck. In January he stripped the garrison of Stralsund to the minimum and took his army across the narrow strip of water and landed on the island. He retook the island after the battle at Warksow on January 8, �678, and forced half of the coalition garrison force into Swedish service, greatly increasing his strength. (See the description of the Warksow scenario.)

In September the Danes and Brandenburgers made a new attempt against the island as they landed more than �5,000 men on the is-land. The Bishop of Münster’s offer of troops was declined as King Christian of Denmark thought the island was too small to share in a subsequent peace settlement. The Swedish counterattacks were repelled by the numerically larger coalition forces so Königsmarck began evacuating the island through the Neuefähr and Altefähr sconces. The Brandenburg forces successfully stormed one of the sconces while the garrison of the other, which consisted mainly of former Danish prisoners from the first Rügen expedition, mutinied against their Swedish officers and surrendered the sconce.

With the coalition firmly in control of Rügen, their next objective was Stralsund, which was subsequently besieged in late September. The siege did not last long and the town surrendered on October �5, as their situation was by then hopeless. The only remaining Swedish controlled town in all of Pomerania at that point was Greifswald, and it surrendered shortly after following a brief siege.

The Scanian TheaterIn Scania the Danish army once again went on the offensive and moved towards Helsingborg. On the 27th of June the town com-mander was lured by a false letter into a quick surrender, and after this the field army moved towards Kristianstad to relieve the town, which had been besieged since the previous year and was running out of supplies. They soon made contact with the Swedish army deployed in a strong blocking position on the approaches to the town. As his advisors and generals urged him not to attack such a strong position, King Christian V took the army back to Landskrona and all hope of relieving Kristianstad disappeared. The depleted garrison duly surrendered on August 5 after seeing the departure of the Danish army.

The Danish king blamed the fall of Kristianstad on Friedrich Arensdorff, the commander of the Danish army. Arensdorff was sacked and the former Münster general Wedel was appointed to take his place.



The rest of the year passed quietly as the Danish and Swedish main armies remained passive and the war devolved into vicious small scale fighting in the countryside as both sides launched raids against each other and against the hapless population.

The Norwegian TheaterIn the spring of �678 the Norwegian army was asked to take Göte-borg with the help of several thousand Danish reinforcements, but the delayed arrival of the reinforcements meant that the Swedes had ample time to strengthen the garrison and Gyldenløve therefore turned against the fortress of Båhus instead. However, he was soon forced to abandon the siege and retreat back to Udevalla due to low stocks of gunpowder and the arrival of a Swedish relief force. The rest of the year was uneventful except for a short-lived Swedish incursion into Trondheim province.

The War at SeaAs the Dutch were seeking to make peace with France they declined to send an auxiliary fleet to reinforce the Danes this year. Even though there would be no assistance, Danish confidence was high after the victories of the previous years. The orders for the navy were to support the army in its advance towards Kristianstad. In addition, it was to seek battle with the Swedish navy if it went to sea, and if it did not, the instructions were to prevent any shipping going in or out of Stockholm and create uncertainty by raiding along the coast.

In �678 command of the Swedish navy was passed to Hans Wacht-meister, and for the first time during the war the Swedish navy was now commanded by an officer with knowledge of and experience in naval warfare. The orders for the navy were to sail from Stockholm if a good opportunity presented itself and, if at all possible, to bring supplies to the hard pressed garrison at Stralsund

After raiding the Swedish southern coast, the Danish fleet made contact with the Swedish main fleet in the waters south of Öland on June �2. The Danes didn´t immediately initiate a battle, and the fol-lowing day the Swedish navy retreated to the safety of Kalmarsund. The Danish fleet thereby missed the only chance of a naval battle it would get that year, but effectively prevented the Swedes from relieving Stralsund. With the Swedish navy blockaded in Kalmar-sund the Danish navy concentrated on transporting a new invasion force to Rügen in September, as it had been decided to retake the island. As had been the case with the Rügen invasion of �677, this was done without interference from the Swedish navy.

Livonia and PrussiaDuring 1678 the final preparations were made for the new Swedish army in Livonia, consisting of over ��,000 men under the com-mand of Henrik Horn. With French mediation a deal was struck with Poland giving the Swedes rights to pass through Poland from Livonia to Prussia as well as Polish logistical support to the army. This provided the Swedes an opportunity to take Königsberg and march on Berlin, thereby diverting Brandenburg forces away from the hard-pressed Swedish forces in Pomerania.

In late September the long delayed expedition finally departed Riga. However, the radically changed situation in Germany after the fall of the last Swedish possessions in Pomerania gave the Poles second thoughts, and they began to back down on their promises of logistical support for the expedition.

After a tiring march the Swedish army reached Tilsit and set up camp while they took stock of the situation. Horn was skeptical of the feasibility of the venture after the fall of Stettin and Stralsund and the lack of Polish support. King Karl XI agreed with his concerns and instead ordered him to conserve his army and await reinforce-ments before moving on Königsberg.

This left the initiative with the Elector of Brandenburg who went on the offensive and, in a brilliantly conducted campaign of maneu-ver, forced the Swedes to retreat all the way back to Livonia under constant pursuit and with heavy losses.

Events in 1679Events in EuropeIn January �679 Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor, signed the Treaties of Nijmegen and concluded a separate peace with Louis XIV of France (and shortly after with Sweden as well) confirming the Treaty of Westphalia of �648, which included the cession of Bremen-Verden and Swedish Pomerania to Sweden.

The weakness of the alliance between the Emperor and the Elector of Brandenburg was demonstrated by the willingness of the Imperial representatives to sign a separate peace, leaving Brandenburg and Denmark alone against France. Leopold I did not want Friedrich Wilhelm I to become a “new king of the Vandals in the Baltic” nor did he want the Scanian War to disturb his negotiations with France. However, insincere commitment to the alliance was certainly not a purely Imperial trait as Friedrich Wilhelm I had his diplomats offer France unconditional support, including military support against the Holy Roman Emperor, in return for Louis XIV letting him keep Swedish Pomerania. Furthermore, Friedrich Wilhelm I directly of-fered Sweden “some tons of gold” for Swedish Pomerania along with military support against Denmark.

Louis XIV, however, had no interest in the Brandenburg schemes. To the contrary, he had a strong interest that Sweden would not lose any territory as a consequence of her alliance and support for France. Friedrich Wilhelm I was told that Sweden would lose Stettin “no more than Stockholm.”

The German TheaterAfter the Treaties of Nijmegen had ended the Franco-Dutch War, France was able to support Sweden directly. They therefore occupied the Brandenburg Duchy of Cleves on the lower Rhine, besieged Minden, and continued to march eastwards to liberate the Swedish possessions occupied by the Coalition. Brandenburg, short of troops in its western possessions and deprived of allies by the Nijmegen treaties, had no choice but to settle for peace with France. Conse-quently, a peace treaty was signed on June �9.

Denmark now stood alone against Sweden and France. In light of this new situation the Danish King Christian V gave up his hopes of conquering Scania and transferred his main army to Schleswig-Holstein. He wanted to bolster as his southern provinces as well as his conquests from �675 and �676 that were now threatened by the French army. A small French detachment was successfully repulsed at Delmenhorst, but it was obvious that the superior French army would prevail in the end, and accordingly a peace treaty was signed between Denmark and France on August 25.



The Scanian TheaterIn �679 the Danish army several times tried to lure the Swedes into open battle around Helsingborg, but the Swedish army refused to give battle as they didn´t want to risk their advantageous position at this late stage in the war. As it proved impossible to force the Swed-ish army into battle, the Danish army was subsequently transferred to Germany to face the new threat from France.

The Norwegian TheaterIn Norway, General Gyldenløve decided to preempt a Swedish of-fensive by taking his army into the Swedish-controlled provinces of Dalsland, Värmland, Herjedalen and Jemtland in mid February. The Swedish forces in the area were in winter quarters further inland due to heavy frosts, and raiding columns under Duncan, Cicignon and Gyldenløve caused much devastation and won a small battle over the Swedes at Høgsäter Bridge at the end of the month. Following this the Norwegian army went back across the border.

In mid March the Swedes went into the offensive and advanced to Udevalla. They unsuccessfully stormed the town and were subse-quently routed. Another attack with forces out of Jemtland province was also repelled. After this the Swedes regrouped and reinforced their forces and again advanced on Udevalla, besieging the town for a month before they were forced to retreat back to Göteborg in late July by the arrival of Gyldenløve and the main part of the Norwegian army.

The War at SeaThe nature of the war at sea changed in �679 when the Netherlands, Spain, and the Emperor made peace with France and Sweden in Feb-ruary despite the protest of Denmark and Brandenburg. The Danish fleet had lost the support of the Dutch auxiliary fleet the year before and was now facing the prospect of possible hostile intervention by the French navy in the Baltic. When Brandenburg also appeared to be making overtures to France it became obvious that the war was nearing its end and the Danish navy therefore tried to improve the situation before the coming peace talks by concentrating its effort on the Swedish main fleet in Kalmarsund and inflicting as much damage to it as possible.

The Swedish navy had sailed out from Kalmarsund with orders to remain in the area and await the possible arrival of the French navy before beginning any operation that could jeopardize the fleet. Contact was made with the approaching Danish fleet on June 26 and Wachtmeister therefore took the Swedish fleet into Kalmarsund again without risking battle. The only result of the ensuing Danish blockade was the destruction of a single Swedish ship of the line that ran aground.

Livonia and PrussiaIn mid February he remnants of the Livonian army returned to Riga after its disastrous campaign against East Prussia. Only 2,000 men remained of the��,000 that set out the year before.

The Aftermath of the WarThe Resulting Peace TreatiesOn June �9, �679, France, on behalf of Sweden, and Brandenburg concluded the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, The treaty was negotiated and signed without Swedish representatives present,

but Sweden ratified the treaty on 28 July. The terms of the treaty included restoring Bremen-Verden and most of Swedish Pomerania to Sweden in return for a consolation payment from Louis XIV of France and the reversion of East Frisia. The French payment to Brandenburg was fixed at 300,000 talers to be paid within the following two years, but even this gain was subsequently reduced as France managed to have Brandenburg accept this sum to also settle 900,000 talers of French debts. In addition, the Electorate of Brandenburg further gained the former Swedish eastern bank of the Oder River except for Gollnow and Damm. Gollnow was pawned to Brandenburg for 50,000 talers, but was eventually bailed out by Sweden in �693.The treaty also contained a paragraph that forbade Dutch forces from garrisoning the Duchy of Cleves to ensure its vulnerability in any future conflict.

The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is considered by some to be “the worst political defeat” of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I. He was forced by France to give away the Swedish portion of what he considered his rightful Pomeranian inheritance despite having conquered all of it during the war. This resembled the outcome of the Northern War about 20 years earlier, when Brandenburg likewise had been forced by France to return Swedish Pomerania to Sweden after conquering most of it.

Peace was negotiated between France (again on behalf of Sweden and without their representation) and Denmark at the Treaty of Fontainebleau on August 23, �679. Like the peace treaty between Sweden and Brandenburg, it was largely dictated by France and stipulated that all territory lost by Sweden during the war should be returned in exchange for minor war reparations. Thus the terms formulated at the Treaty of Copenhagen at the end of the Northern Wars in 1660 remained in force. The French dictate was reaffirmed by the Treaty of Lund in September, which was signed by both Denmark-Norway and Sweden.

As in Brandenburg, there was widespread anger and disappointment over the peace treaties in Denmark, as many felt the country had been robbed of its gains during the war. For the pro-Danish elements of the Scanian population the result was tragic as they now faced savage repression from the reinstated Swedish authorities.

The Long Term Effects of the WarThe events leading to the Scanian War as well as the end of the war, in particular the peace negotiations, mercilessly demonstrated to all the countries in the Baltic that the days when they could conduct their foreign policy independently of the greater power struggles raging in Europe were definitely over. The Baltic had become a fully-integrated part of the European balance of power, and even the regional great powers were still just pawns on the larger European chessboard.

The Scanian War was the first war in a long time where Sweden had been on the defensive fighting in, or near, its own provinces. It had revealed that mighty Sweden was no longer invincible, and indeed had shown how fragile the Swedish empire was, with its lands scat-tered across the Baltic. The war had resulted in more devastation of Swedish property and a higher rate of desertion compared to earlier wars, and had revealed many fundamental weaknesses in the the way the Swedish economy, army and navy were organized.

In an attempt to rectify these weaknesses and to increase Crown income to pay the massive debts incurred during the war, the army´s recruitment system was reorganized and and a procces of reduc-



tions, where former Crown land was returned to the Crown were carried through in the �680s. The increased income was spent on reinforcing the borders and on the new naval base of Karlskrona, which was situated much nearer to the vital sealanes that would be contested in any future war. The war and the following reforms of the Swedish state also contributed to the introduction of absolutim in Sweden in �682.

These reforms would provide Karl XI´s son Karl XII with a much more powerful state and army at the outbreak of the Great Northern War of �699-�72�. They enable him to win a series of spectacular victories against all the great powers of central and eastern Europe before the inherent fragility of Sweden’s empire and the combined strength of the coalition aligned against her finally ended Sweden’s time on the European scene as a great power .

THE WEAPONS OF THE SCANIAN WAR

By David Ekberg

FirearmsThe matchlock musket remained the primary fire weapon of the infantry, though it had been improved and reduced in weight com-pared to those used in the Thirty Years War. While fork rests were still regulation, they were most likely not in use at all and most of them likely found their way into camp fires. Flintlocks were slowly being introduced, a process accelerated by the war. Large quantities of flintlock weapons were imported by both sides during the war, such as Louis XIV’s gift to the Swedes of 890 pairs of flintlock pis-tols in 1677. The flintlock musket was not adopted by the Swedish army until �690. The similar snaphance musket was in broader use, especially among the paramilitary guerrilla bands of northern Scania. A double lock mechanism, combining a match and flint or match and wheel, was also used by both sides, primarily by the Danes and by Swedish dragoons. Cavalry had carbines, a short rifled wheellock weapon slung over the shoulder, and wheellock or flintlock pistols. Grenadiers, armed with bags full of explosive grenades, seem to have been found in small numbers in the Danish Army, after the French fashion, but not in the Swedish.

PikesPikes also remained in use, but their part of the total number in a battalion had dropped to about 20-25 percent. The pikes were 4 to 5 meters in length and weighed an average of 3.3 kg. They were made of ash and painted black. The pike heads could be in various shapes, with the Swedes favoring a short square edge. Pikemen were armed with straight infantry swords. In �678 the Danish king ordered that

pikes should be replaced with muskets, a change which probably did not happen before the war was over. The Swedes continued to use pikes until the Great Northern War of �700-�72�, long after other states had abandoned their use. Bayonets, first the plug and later the socket model, had been around in France and England since the mid �600s but were not used at all in the Scanian war.

ArmorThe cavalry of both sides wore breast plates, but in what quantity is unknown. The Danish regulation in �670 for the national cavalry regiments did not require the cavalry troopers to wear any armor. The Swedes had polished armor while the Danes seem to have preferred blackened breast plates. Swedish cavalry were issued buff coats made of elk skin, as was the Danish Hestgarden regiment. Infantry and dragoons wore no armor at all, except for the officers.

Uniforms In France, a gradual process had started in the �660s to uniformly dress regiments in the same coat and lining color. This habit found its way to the Nordic countries as well as Brandenburg. In the Scanian War, armies were dressed in uniforms, with each different regiment having its own color. However, the same colors were used by both sides and campaigning degraded the clothes so that battle insignia had to be used to tell each other apart.

EXTENDED UNIT NOTESThe following unit notes were too long to include in the setups.

Danish/Coalition Units:Hessian Expeditionary Force (Landskrona, Warksow): This force was raised in �677 by the Hessian-Cassel government and consisted of one infantry regiment and one cavalry regiment. The infantry regiment was the former Infantry Regiment Zur Brüggen, but was renamed when the Swiss Johann Ufm Keller was appointed commander after its former commander and several captains re-signed. Keller also became the OC of the Hessian Expeditionary Force. Although the cavalry regiment was a full cavalry regiment in organization it never received a real name, and was known just by the name of its commander. At Warksow, the cavalry regiment was commanded by Oberstleutnant Wilhelm von Hornumb, and consisted of about 320 men in 4 companies. At full strength each company contained one rittmeister, one leutnant, one cornet, one wachtmeister, one quartiermeister, three corporals, one trumpeter and 66 troopers in addition to the NCOs.

Schleswig-Holstein Infantry Regiment (Halmstad, Lund, Land-skrona): This regiment was originally called the Schleswig-Holstein Nationale Infanteriregiment. In June �675 the regiment was doubled and then split into two. The companies of Schleswig formed one regiment called the Schleswig National Regiment of Foot or Plön after its commander, Duke Johan Adolf von Plön (who resigned as commander of the army in �676). The companies of Holstein formed a new regiment called the Holstein Nationale Regiment.

Prince Frederick’s Infantry Regiment (Lund, Malmö, Landsk-rona): Called the Black Regiment after its colors, it was an enlisted regiment raised in �657 as Lübbe’s infantry regiment. It changed names several times after that, being known from �676 as Prins Frederik’s infantry regiment. The regiment was almost completely destroyed at Lund, losing eight company standards and all but 200 men, and most of them were wounded. After Lund the regiment was



reinforced with 600 conscripted men from Jutland, �50 from Fünen and 200 from Norway, and consisted of two battalions of 600 men each. One battalion was left as a garrison in Landskrona, so only one battalion was present at Malmö, where it took very heavy losses and its commander, Thomas Meldrum, was wounded. At the Battle of Landskrona, it consisted of 554 men (434 rank and file) in two battalions, where it lost 2�8 KIA and 63 WIA.

Swedish Units:The Royal Life Regiment (Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona): This regular regiment was formed in �667 from the Uppland Regiment of Horse. The regiment originally consisted of eight companies but was expanded to twelve in �674. Six squadrons (or nine according to some sources) were present at Halmstad, five squadrons at Lund, and seven at Landskrona.

The King’s Life Regiment of Horse (Halmstad, Lund, Landsk-rona): Called Drabenterna, this was a regular regiment that origi-nally consisted of 25 guards of the inner palace, but was increased to 200 men at the outbreak of war.

BIBLIOGRAPHYBooks in English Covering the Period in GeneralChilds, J.: Warfare in the Seventeenth Century, London 2006. Frost, R. I.: The Northern Wars: War, State and Society in North-eastern Europe, 1558 - 1721, Harlow/Essex 2000.Lisk, J.: The Struggle for Supremacy in the Baltic: 1600-1725, London �967.Oakly, S. P.: War and Peace in the Baltic: 1560-1790, London �992.

Sources for the Various BattlesBooks:Askgaard, F. & Stade, A.: Kampen om Skåne, København �983. (Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow)Barnekow, C.C. v.: Nogle Synspunkter på Militærhistorisk For-skning, København �979. (Halmstad)Bauer, F.: Fehrbellin 1675 - Brandenburg-Preußens Aufbruch zur Großmacht, Potsdam �998. (Fehrbellin)Bjerg, H.C. & Frantzen, O.L.: Danmark i Krig, København 2005. (Nyborg, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona)Björlin, G: Kriget mot Danmark 1675-1679 : Läsning för Ung och Gammal : med Porträtt, Kartor och Planer m.m., Stockholm �885 (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö. Lamdskrona, Warksow)Blomberg, Å. F.: Fyns vilkår under svenskekrigene 1657-1660, Odense �973. (Nyborg)Cramer-Petersen, L.: Danmarks skæbnetime: En beretning om svenskekrigene 1657-1660, Brønshøj 2006. (Nyborg)Generalstaben: Karl XII på slagfältet: Karolins Slagledning - Vol. 1: Sedd mot bakgrunden av taktikens utvekling frän äldsta tider, Stockholm �9�8 (Warksow)Höglund, L.-E.: Scanian War 1675-79 - Colours and Uniforms, Karl-stad 2002. (Fehrbellin, Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow)Isacson, C.-G.: Skånska Kriget 1675-1679, Lund 2000. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow)

Jany, C.: Geschichte der Preußischen Armee vom 15. Jahrhundert bis 1914 - Vol. 1: Von den Anfängen bis 1740, Osnabrück �967. (Fehrbellin)Jensen, N.P.: Den skaanske krig 1675-1679, København �900. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow)Knarrström, B.: Slagfältet, Saltsjö-Duvnäs 2006. (Landskrona)Mehnert, C.: Rathenow und Fehrbellin - Der Krieg des Großen Kurfürsten gegen die Schweden in der Mark des Jahres 1675, Ra-thenow �875. (Fehrbellin)Rasmussen, H.F.: Fæstningskrigen 1675-1679 (En Redegørelse For Fæstningskrigen Under Den Skånske Krig 1675-1679), København �975. (Malmö)Rockstroh, K.C.: Udviklingen af den Nationale Hær i Danmark i det 17. og 18. Aarhundrede - Volumes I&II, København �909-26. (Nyborg, Halmstad, Lund, Landskrona, Warksow)Rockstroh, K.C.: Kongens Fodregiment gennem 300 år, Tønder �957. (Nyborg, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow)Sørensen, S.A.: Kjøbenhavns Belejring og Fyens Gjenerobring, København �896. (Nyborg)Stade, A.: Karl X Gustav och Danmark, Kristianstad �965. (Ny-borg)Stamford, C. v.: Die Feldzüge der Regimenter Ufm Keller und von Hornumb von Hessen-Cassel in dem Reichskriege gegen Schwe-den auf Schonen und auf Rügen 1677 und 1678 - Ein Beitrag zur hessischen Kriegsgeschichte wie zur Geschichte der hessischen Kriegsverfassungen, Cassel �882. (Landskrona, Warksow)Stevns, A.: Vor Hær i Krig og Fred - vol. 2, København �942-43. (Nyborg, Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) Wahlöö, C. & Larson, G: Sextonhundrasjuttiosex: minnet av his-torien, historien om minnet: berättelse om ett krigets år och det blodiga Slaget vid Lund, Lund �996. (Lund) Wahlöö, C. & Larson, G: Slaget vid Lund - ett mord och icke ett fältslag, Lund �999. (Lund)Wimarson, N.: Sveriges Krig i Tyskland - vol 1&2, Lund �897. (Fehrbellin, Warksow)

Articles:Askgaard, F.: Om bevæbning og udrustning under Karl Gustav-krigene 1657-60, from Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: X, �959. (Nyborg) Askgaard, F.: Danske våben i den skånske krig 1675-79, from Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: XXIII, �977. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow) Eriksen, E.: Dansk artilleri i den skånske krig 1675-79, from Våben-historisk Tidskrift Vol: XXIV, �978. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow)Norrie, J.W.S.: Fra Pike og Musket til Flinte og Bajonet, from Våbenhistorisk Tidskrift Vol: XI, �962. (Halmstad, Lund, Malmö, Landskrona, Warksow)

Other Sources:In addition to the above listed sources, numerous archival materials from the Swedish Krigsarkivet were used for the orders of battle, maps, and setups for all the battles in Nothing Gained But Glory.



GERMAN/SWEDISH/DANISH GLOSSARY

German: • Jung: The Younger• Leib Regiment: Life Guard Regiment

Swedish:• Livregementet: Life Regiment• Livgardet: Life Guard• Till fot: of Foot• Till häst: of Horse• Drottningens: Queen’s• Änkedrottningens: Dowager Queen’s• Adelsfana: The Nobles’ Banner, units recruited from the retainers

of the nobility• Skånska: from the province of Skåne (Scania)• Tyska: German

Danish:• Kongens: King’s• Livregiment: Life Guard Regiment• Till hest: of Horse• Till fods: of Foot• Jydske: from the Jutland peninsula (adjective)• Nørre-: North-• Ryttere: Riders; used like Cuirassiers but without as much armor

and with smaller horses• Fynske: from the island of Fünen (adjective)• Sjællandske: from the island of Zealand (adjective)• Rostjeneste: Horse service; units recruited from the retainers of

the nobility and part of the national (regular) army.

A NOTE FROM THESERIES DESIGNER

Thank you very much for your continuing support of the Musket & Pike Battle Series (MPBS). I am continuously humbled by the kind words and interest of the fans. Some are probably wondering about the direction of the series. I am very excited about the work Brian, Knut, and Dick have done with Nothing Gained But Glory and I am sure you will enjoy the game as well as the wealth of his-torical information. I gave permission to Brian to design this game for several reasons. First of all, his commitment and enthusiasm for the system and the module were strong. In addition, a seasoned and professional developer, Dick Vohlers, was there to shepherd the process. Finally, Knut was there to produce the excellent maps and assist in the research and design. These factors allow me to heartily endorse this work. It has also allowed me to expand into to other projects and still maintain some momentum for the series.

The MPBS will continue and I have plans to do two or three more modules myself. I plan on a kit devoted to the Poles as they face the Swedes, Turks, and Cossacks as well as another on Louis XIV’s Dutch War, where we’ll see the last triumphs of Turenne and Condé from Under the Lily Banners. We’re also looking at a return to Eng-land and there are plans to offer This Accursed Civil War as a P500

reprint along the way. So grab your swords, strap on your spurs, keep your powder dry, and get ready for lots of action.

Thanks, Ben Hull MPBS Designer

DESIGNER’S NOTESNyborg:There were several conflicting OOBs and setups in the sources for Nyborg. I have used the ones I trusted the most and players are free to disagree with me.

Fehrbellin:This battle was designed by Knut Grünitz. When we began playtest-ing we found it necessary to change the OOB of the Brandenburg army as initially it had too many (but small) cavalry units, and this enabled the Brandenburgers to overwhelm the Swedes by sheer weight of numbers. That didn´t feel right so we consolidated the large number of small cavalry units into fewer but larger units.

There were also a number of special rules at the beginning simulating the Swedish withdrawal after they began taking losses. However, Knut and I decided that these rules didn’t add much to the game and led to potential gamey situations. The scenario is now a very clean and simple scenario in terms of special rules and an interest-ing situation with asymmetrical forces - something that is seldom seen in the MPBS.

Halmstad:This one was not originally meant to be part of the set, but it’s now one of my favorite scenarios of NGBG. This is largely due to the huge work David Ekberg put into the research and special rules modifica-tions. His thorough research included a visit to the battlefield.

Lund:Wanting to simulate this battle was one of the main reasons I de-signed NGBG in the first place. (The other was to simulate Landsk-rona.) It is one of the few well-known battles of the war, at least in Scandinavia. Unfortunately, it was also a battle full of exceptional events that are hard to replicate using the standard MPBS rules, so



some special rules were needed. The scenario is my best attempt to balance the need for as few special rules as possible with the need to be able to attempt to replicate the historical events if you play in a historical fashion. Again David Ekberg was a great resource and we have him to thank for scenario 3.

Malmö:The map and rules have been through many versions before the present one including an area map and a hex map that included point to point movements within the fortress. I hope players find that the special rules flow well despite their complexity compared to other MPBS scenarios. I have tried to explain the historical rea-soning behind the rules in order for them to be easier to understand (and thus remember) and less frustrating. Dick Vohlers has done a magnificent job at editing them in order to make them both shorter and cleaner.

The Danish infantry are shown as HI with pikes partly due to the assault equipment (such as grenades) they carried. The initial Swed-ish OOB was very generic but a lot of details were found thanks to assistance from the forum at Skalman.nu. But even with this help I didn´t have sources as to the exact composition of the Swedish garrison, so I had to make some tough designer’s choices. I think I have made an OOB that is both historical realistic as well as fun to play, but players are of course free to disagree with me. In one of the first versions of the scenario I planned to solve the lack of an OOB by including extra counters so the Swedish player could distribute his available SPs as he wished within certain limits. This quickly proved impossible for economic reasons (not enough available space on the countersheet) as well as being rather difficult to playtest.

Landskrona:The second of the two major battles of the Scanian War, and a natural candidate for NGBG. The OOB and setup initially caused me a lot of problems as some of the Swedish HI units contained too few men to fit a 4 SP unit, but couldn´t be ignored as they occupied integral parts of the line and performed well in the battle. In the end I decided to do some design for effect and transfer some men from the stronger battalions in the vicinity to the weaker ones. This is why some of the numbers in the historical notes might seem strange at first sight compared to the unit SP numbers.

Warksow:This battle went through various OOBs before the present one, as I discovered several conflicting sources. Fortunately, I eventually found a book that discussed the various sources, and I feel pretty good about the OOB as it stand now.

All Post-1675 Scenarios:Most HI units are shown as HI with pikes despite the fact that the number of pikes compared to muskets within the unit was lower than during the Thirty Years War. This was done as the the pike was still very much “in focus” tactically and a highly regarded weapon, so I thought it would be wrong to simply represent these units as HI with no pikes.

The Playbook:The historical background notes included in this game focus on the military aspects of the war, and are much more narrative than

analytical in character. I have also focused on the war itself and only briefly described the period preceding the war and the aftermath. I took this route because there are virtually no sources about the course of the Scanian War in the English language, but several very good sources on the political and economic sides of the war. So I hope players will enjoy my notes and will use the books mentioned in the bibliography if they want to understand the period better.

Gratitude:A lot of people helped in the creation of NGBG - in fact too many to mention here. Throughout the research and design process I have been pleasantly surprised by the willingness of people I had never met before in helping me obtain maps and order of battle details. A special thank goes to Dick Vohlers for being a very professional and a very! patient developer, and David Ekberg for his thorough research, enthusiastic playtesting and constructive design sugges-tions. Without their immense assistance Nothing Gained But Glory would have been much inferior compared to what it is today.

The whole process of making Nothing Gained but Glory has in many ways been representative of Scanian War as it is designed by a Dane and a German with lots of assistance from a Swede, but with the actual power regarding the final result in the hands of a game company from a maritime power.

I hope you will enjoy the game!—Brian Berg Asklev Hansen

ERRATA FOR THE CHERITON MODULE

The text for the Cheriton module that appeared in C3i #17 was not up to date. Here is the correct version of the text for that module.

This module contains the battle-specific counters and map needed to simulate the battle of Cheriton, which took place on March 29th, �644, during the English Civil War. To play this module, you must have the markers, series rules, and charts from one of the boxed games in the Musket and Pike Battle Series, either This Accursed Civil War, Sweden Fights On, or Under the Lily Banners.

BackgroundOverviewAfter First Newbury, the King decided to raise another army to clear the rebellious counties of Dorset, Wiltshire and Hampshire, southwest of London. Sir Ralph Hopton was selected as its leader. To counter this threat, the Parliament formed a command under Sir William Waller, combining the Western and Southern armies. The two armies battled back and forth over the south of England, with Hopton capturing Arundel castle in Sussex in December of �643, but with Waller then recapturing it. Both armies met at Alton on the �3th and suffered heavy losses, ending campaigning for the winter. The stage was set for a confrontation that would decide the fate of the southern England.

PreludeAfter wintering, both armies were reinforced. Hopton received Lord Forth and his troops, bringing his army to around 6000. Forth was the higher ranking officer, but Hopton was the de facto commander for



Option 2If the Parliament player selects option 2, he sets up the Yellow light infantry units within two hexes of 24�7, and he does not get the Yellow heavy infantry unit. In this case, the Royalist player may select either option � (same as above) or option 2. For option 2, the Royalist player sets up Appleyard’s Independent Wing anywhere on the map at least two hexes north of all Parliament Yellow LI units. The Royalist player does not get Paulet’s heavy infantry unit with option 2, and he must set up the Lisle heavy infantry unit with the rest of the army.

GeneralExcept for those units covered by the Cheriton Woods option, the Parliament player sets up all his units within two hexes of the 36xx hexrow. Similarly, except for units covered by the Cheriton Woods option, the Royalist player sets up all his units within two hexes of the �5xx hexrow. For both players, set up the Left Wings on the left of the respective lines, and the Right Wings on the right of the respective lines. Wing commanders start stacked with any unit in their Wing. Army Commanders start stacked with or adjacent to any unit of their army. Contingent names have no effect on play.

UnitType AbbreviationsArty: ArtilleryCuir.: CuirassierHI Bn: Heavy Infantry BattalionHI Bn w/o Pikes: Heavy Infantry Battalion without Pikes (They

had some, but very few)LI: Light Infantry

Parliamentary ForcesAll Parliamentary units and leaders are dark red on red. They had about 5700 foot, 4�00 horse, and �6 guns at the battle.ARMY COMMANDER: Sir William Waller (–2)Senior Wing Commander: Sir Arthur Haselrigge (–�)

Left Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Sir Arthur Haselrigge (–�)Replacement: Vandruske (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeWest. Assoc. Waller 2 x 3-7 Cuir.West. Assoc. Haselrigge* 4-8 Cuir.West. Assoc. Vandruske 4-7 Cuir.West. Assoc. Turner 3-6 Cuir. South. Ass. Cooke 3-6 Cuir. South. Ass. Livesey 4-6 Cuir.South. Ass. Norton 3-6 Cuir.West. Assoc. Musketeers 4 x �-4 LI* The famous Lobster fully armored regiment.

Center Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Potley (0)Replacement: Brown (0)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeWest. Assoc. Waller 5-8 HI Bn

the ensuing campaign. To Waller’s Western and mutinous Southern Army was added a brigade of horse under Balfour, and a brigade of the London Trained Bands (the White and Yellow Regiments), bringing the total for the combined army to around �0,000. Mov-ing west toward Winchester in Hampshire, Waller encamped at a small village called Hinton Ampner three miles south of Alresford. Hopton’s army camped at Alresford.

The BattleThe actual location of the battle and deployment of the units for battle is a matter of considerable debate. Three low ridges cut across the battlefield, and the armies deployed on two of these. Exactly which two, though, is not certain. (The options are covered in the setup instructions.) Hopton’s army was arrayed on one of the ridges facing south. Hopton’s forces were on the left, Forth’s on the right. Across from them was Waller, anchored on his left by a “small village,” either Cheriton or Hinton Ampner.

The battlefield was bounded on the east by Cheriton Wood, which Waller had occupied with �000 London foot, supported by a regiment of horse. Early in the morning Hopton detailed a Colonel Appleyard and 1000 musketeers to clear the wood and secure his flank. Apple-yard, with a keen eye for the ground, advanced on the wood out of sight in the low ground until appearing at close range. A ferocious firefight ensued, with the Londoners being routed. In the center, Waller’s horse under Sir Arthur Haselrigge, whose own regiment was known as the “Lobsters” for their armor, is said to have been drawn up in front of the foot, quite unconventionally, in the low ground between the armies. The Royalist Horse charged but was put to rout in detail by the Parliamentarian horse. Sir Henry Bard reportedly launched the ill-fated charge precipitously, and the other regiments followed with orders, in an uncoordinated attack. The Royalist infantry then moved forward to support the failing cavalry and a general engagement along the front broke out. Before long it became clear that the Royalists had lost the day and a courageous rear guard action by the Queen’s regiment and others prevented disaster and saved the guns from being lost.

The losses were not well recorded, but are estimated to be at least �000, and perhaps as much as 2000, total for both sides. The de-feated Royalists made for Basing House and on to Oxford. Waller moved on Winchester the next day and soon all Hampshire was under his control.

Cheriton is not one of the more famous battles of the War, but it was a clear victory for Parliament. It closed a front and was noted at the time as a watershed event. It was a bad beginning to a bad year for the King. The Parliamentary army fielded much better horse than in the past, and coupled with strong leadership proved superior.

Set UpsCheriton Woods OptionBefore setting up any units, the Parliament player must first decide if he will use Cheriton Woods option � or 2.

Option 1If the Parliament player selects option �, he sets up the Yellow heavy infantry brigade with the rest of his army as in the general set ups, below, and he does not get the Yellow light infantry units. In this case, the Royalist player must use his option �, but may set up the Lisle heavy infantry unit with the rest of his army, or in hex 25�4. The Royalist player does not get the Appleyard light infantry units.

Nothing Gained But Glory — PLAYBOOK II 2�


Hopton Prince Maurice 8-7 HI BnHopton Astley 8-7 HI BnHopton Paulet 8-7 HI BnHopton Saker Battery 4-�4 ArtyHopton Falcon Battery 3-9 Arty

OrCheritonWoodsOption2:Center Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Paulet (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeHopton Lord Hopton 8-7 HI BnHopton Astley 8-7 HI BnHopton Prince Maurice 8-7 HI BnHopton Saker Battery 4-�4 ArtyHopton Falcon Battery 3-9 Arty

Independent Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Appleyard (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeHopton Appleyard 4 x 3-6 LI

— — — End Cheriton Woods Option 2 — — —

Right Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Stuart (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeHopton Stuart 2 x 4-7 Cuir.Hopton Smyth 2 x 4-7 Cuir.Hopton Stowell 2 x 3-7 Cuir.Stuart’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Stuart, Carey, Crisp, Hamilton, Cleke, Boleter, Fors and Fleetwood

Smyth’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Smyth, Bennet, Vaughan, Waldegrave and Lindsey

Stowell’s Brigade included the following Regiments: Hopton, Stowell, Gunter, Apsley, Pierce and Hertford

Special Rules1. Slopes: All slopes hexsides are gentle for purposes of �0.9.3.

2. Retreat Edges: • The Royalist’s retreat edge is the north edge.• The Parliamentarian’s retreat edge is the south edge.

3. Treat a Tumuli (Roman era burial mound) hex like a hedge-lined road hex, except that it does not block LOS.4. The Parliament Player sets up first.

Counter ErrataThe Yellow HI unit should have a Wing Designation of C, not R. A replacement counter was included in C3i #�9.

West. Assoc. Haselrigge* 6-7 HI BnSouth. Ass. Weldon 8-7 HI BnSouth. Ass. Jones 6-7 HI BnLondon White 8-7 HI BnWest. Assoc. Culverin Battery 6-�7 ArtyWest. Assoc. Saker Battery 4-�4 ArtyWest. Assoc. Falcon Batteries 2 x 3-9 Arty* Consisting of Potley’s and Haselrigge’s regiments of foot.

Add to Center Wing for Cheriton Woods Option 1:London Yellow 8-7 HI Bn w/o PikesOr for Cheriton Woods Option 2:London Yellow 4 x 2-5 LI

Right Cavalry WingWING COMMANDER: Balfour (–�)Replacement: Middleton (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeBalfour Balfour 4-7 Cuir.Balfour Meldrum 3-7 Cuir.Balfour Middleton 3-7 Cuir.Balfour Delbeir 3-7 Cuir.

Royalist ForcesAll Royalist units and leaders are dark blue on light blue. They had about 4200 foot, 3200 horse, and �2 guns at the battle.ARMY COMMANDER: Sir Ralph Hopton (–�)Senior Wing Commander: Lord Forth (0)

Left Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Lisle (0)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeForth Lisle* 6-7 HI Bn.Forth Lord General 6-7 HI BnForth Howard 3-7 Cuir.Forth Neville 3-7 Cuir.Forth Maurice 3-8 Cuir.Forth Queen 3-7 Cuir.Forth Saker Battery 4-�4 Arty* The setup for Lisle is affected by the Cheriton Woods Option; see above.

CheritonWoodsOption1:Center Infantry WingWING COMMANDER: Paulet (–�)

Contingent Unit Ratings TypeHopton Lord Hopton 8-7 HI Bn



Historical Starting OrdersDue to the terrain and deployments, both sides were tentative at the beginning of the battle, and hence no Wing starts under Charge orders.

Parliament• Left (Haselrigge): Make Ready• Center (Potley): Receive Charge• Right (Balfour): Make Ready

Royalist• Left (Lisle): Make Ready• Center (Paulet): Make Ready• Right (Stuart): Make Ready

Victory Conditions VPs TypeofVictory 40+ Parliament Decisive Victory 20-39 Parliament Marginal Victory �0-�9 Draw –�0 to 9 Royalist Marginal Victory –�� or less Royalist Decisive Victory

Historical Outcome TotalVPs LostRoyalists �60 �00Parliament 205 60Parliament VPs – Royalist VPs �00 – 60 = 40 (Decisive Parliament Victory)Starting Turn/Total turnsThe battle starts with the 9 AM turn and continues through the end of the �2:40 turn, for a total of �2 turns.



NGBG Terrain Effects Chart AddendumSee the regular TEC on the Player Aid Card for any terrain and notes not listed here.See the special Malmö TEC on the Malmö map for all terrain in that scenario.

MPCosttoEnter Blocks CombatEffectsHexTerrain HI Cav LI LOS Fire CloseCombatHa: Fylleån River NA 8*† 6 - 0 +2Lu: Burial Mound 2* 2* � - 0 0Lu: Allhelgona Cloister NA NA NA Yes NA NA

HexsideTerrainHa: Assarpsbäcken +2*# +4* +2 - 0 –�Lu: Frozen Stream +� +� +� - 0 0Lu & La: Wall +�* +3* +� - –� –�Lu & La: Wall Opening +� +2 +0 - 0 0

Ha: Applies to Halmstad; Lu: Applies to Lund; La: Applies to Landskrona† A cavalry unit pays this cost when it enters a river hex and again when it leaves a river hex. See Halmstad Special Rule 4.

Orders Restriction Chart (5.6)Change Note 1 to read: �. Must end at least one hex closer a) to the closest enemy unit that is not already engaged or b) to the closest bridge or c) if carrying a bridge, to any fortress hex. Units may not Pass, use Retreating Fire, or use Withdraw in Reaction Movement. Swedish units need not move outside the town and citadel.

Change Note 2 to read: 2. Cannot move adjacent to an enemy unit. Exception: A Swedish unit may do so if separated from enemy units by unbridged Moat hexsides.

Continuation and Preemption Table (4.3, 4.4)Add a new modifier: +� For Darkness

Orders Change Table (5.7)Add a new modifier: +� For Darkness

Heavy Infantry Musketry Tables (10.0)Heavy Infantry column header: Use these columns for infantry firing out of a fortress hex containing a Disable marker.Heavy Infantry with Regimental Artillery column header: Use these columns for infantry firing out of a fortress hex that does not contain a Disabled markerAdd a new modifier: ALL FIRES: –2 For Darkness

Light Infantry and Cavalry Fire TableAdd to the section FIRERISORHAS: +2 Swedish LI unit firing out of a Fortress Hex that does not contain a Disabled marker.Add a new modifier: ALL FIRES: –2 For Darkness

Artillery Fire Table (10.8)Add new modifiers: ALL FIRES: –� For Darkness, –� Grazing fire at 3 or more hexes, Add a new note: If target is an emplaced bridge, remove the bridge on a result of FH+MC.

Close Combat Table (11.0)Add to the section Attackerisorhas: +2 Attacker is part of the Danish Right Wing and is stacked with Bibow.Add to the ImportantNote: Disregard this if the attacker is part of the Danish Right Wing and is stacked with Bibow.

Cavalry Pursuit Table (11.7.2)Add a new note: Treat any modified roll of 5 or higher as a Pursue and Eliminate result.

General Reminder+� All Morale Rolls during Darkness

Malmö Special Reminders and Modifiers

GMT Games, LLCP.O. Box �308, Hanford, CA 93232–�308www.GMTGames.com

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