P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space...
-
Upload
alex-easter -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space...
![Page 1: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
Measurement of Atmospheric Constituents from Space: History & State-of-Art
![Page 2: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Satellite Techniques
Nadir-Viewing Instruments•Back-scatter UV/VIS/SWIR•Thermal IR (TIR)
Limb-viewing Instruments•Occultation (solar, lunar, stellar)
– UV, VIS, TIR
•Limb Emission– TIR, Microwave
•Limb Scattering– UV, VIS, SWIR
![Page 3: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Merged Total Ozone Time Series (Frith et al., JGR 2014)
60S-60N
30S-30N
![Page 5: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fit to Eqv. Effect. Strat. Cl (EESC)
![Page 6: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Diurnal Variation of Ozone (MLO MWR)
![Page 7: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3 hPa Ozone Time Series
60S-60N
30S-30N
![Page 8: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SCIAMACHY
![Page 9: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Profile Shape Error in TOMS Total O3
Nadir View, March (sza≈lat)
85˚ sza
75˚ sza
Estimated using ozonesonde climatology (mean & covariance)
![Page 10: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Comparison of Tropospheric Column Ozone Derived by Combining MLS and OMI
2005-2012 JJA average
Data Assimilation Trajectory Method
Direct retrieval- no MLS Model
![Page 11: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Assessment of Space-based O3 Measurements
• Total O3
– Quality of data from BUV instruments is now roughly comparable to that from Double Brewers, which are considered the “gold standard”.
• Strat O3 Profile– Limb/occultation instruments provide high quality data
above 20 km in tropics, 15 km elsewhere.
• Trop O3 Profile
– Good quality trop O3 column, but profile information is limited.
![Page 12: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Volcanic SO2 Record
![Page 13: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Operational Products
• O3 Vertical Profiles (cloud top to 60 km)– 7000/day, 84S-84N, daylight only
– ~1.8 km vert res, 1 km sampling
– Number density vs alt profiles are primary
– Mixing Ratio vs p produced using assimilated GPH and temp data from NASA GMAO, which compares well with Aura/MLS
– Aerosol scattering inde at 350, 510 & 650 nm
• Aerosol Profiles (cloud top to 35 km) – Extinction at 750 and 500 nm & size info
![Page 14: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Decrease in SO2 over the Eastern US
The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data confirm a substantial reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO 2) values around the largest US coal power plants as a result of the implementation of SO2 pollution control measures. The figure shows average SO2 values measured by OMI on the NASA Aura spacecraft for the periods 2005-2007 and 2008-2010 over the Eastern US where the majority of large SO2 sources are located. Scientists use this information to identify anthropogenic sources of SO 2 and to estimate their emission rates. The greatest values are in violet; the lowest in green. Yellow to violet colors correspond to statistically significant enhancements in SO2 pollution in the vicinity of largest SO2 emitting coal-burning power plants indicated by the black dots.
Previous use of space-based SO2 retrievals has been limited to monitoring plumes from volcanic eruptions and detecting anthropogenic emissions from large
source regions as in China. A new spatial filtration technique allows detection of individual pollution sources in Canada and US.
Mean SO2 values for 2005-2007 Mean SO2 values for 2008-2010
0 2.7 10 molecules/cmx 16 2
power plants
Fioletov, V., et al., (2011), Geophysical Research Letters,
![Page 15: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Increase over India
Lu, Zifeng, David G. Streets, Benjamin de Foy, and Nickolay A. Krotkov, Ozone Monitoring Instrument Observations of Interannual Increases in SO2 Emissions from Indian Coal-Fired Power Plants during 2005−2012, Environmental Science and Technology, 2013
![Page 16: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
There has been a rapid decrease in NO2 pollution in the US.
Rate of decrease in the past decade is - 4%/year.
![Page 17: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
• Chinese NOx emissions and NO2 pollution is growing almost at a pace similar to the nation’s GDP: +7%/year
• NO2 pollution over India is also increasing +2%/year.
![Page 18: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
SNPP/Ozone Mapping & profiler Suite (OMPS)
nadir profiler
nadir mapper
limb profiler
Launched Oct 28, 2011 on Suomi NPP
![Page 19: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Limb Scattering Technique
Line of sightTangent point
Tangent heightDiffuse upwelling radiation
Solar Radiation
![Page 20: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Comparison with Aura MLS- Center slit
% difference (LP- MLS)
The current LP algorithm doesn’t have an explicit correction for strat aerosols
![Page 21: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Comparison with ACE-FTS
__LP, __ACE
![Page 22: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
% Difference (LP-FTS) Diurnal effect: negative differences above ~45 km, positive near 40 km.
![Page 23: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Std Dev of difference (%)
![Page 24: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Comparison with High Trop Ozonesondes
35N, 87W21S, 56E
LP has ~ 1.8 km vertical and ~200 km horizontal res
![Page 25: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Comparison with Payerne (47N, 7E) Ozonesondes
![Page 26: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Comparison with Antarctic Ozonesondes
71S, 8W 69S, 40E
![Page 27: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aerosol Extinction Profiles- March 2013
Log Scale Linear Scale
![Page 28: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Planned Instruments with BUV capability
• Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCVR): Launch early 2015– Located at 1st Lagrange Point (1.5 million km from
Earth along the sun-earth line) to provide hourly global coverage- useful for erythemal UVB
• Sentinel 5P/TropOMI (~2016)– OMI-like products with 7 km horizontal resolution
• Geostationary Instruments (2018-2020)– TEMPO (US), GEMS (S. Korea), Sentinel 4 ( ESA)
![Page 29: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Comparison of Satellite Total O3 Record (30S-30N)
OMI
GOME/SCIA
SBUV
GOME/SCIA-SBUV OMI-SBUV
OMI/SBUV Differences are due to use of different O3 abs x-section
![Page 30: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
High Latitude Comparison (55N-60N)
GOME/SCIA-SBUV OMI-SBUV
Key ConclusionQuality of total O3 record from satellite BUV sensors is becoming comparable
of that from best quality ground station
![Page 31: P. K. Bhartia, Omar Torres, Nickolay Krotkov, Richard McPeters, Joanna Joiner NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland, USA Measurement of.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032518/56649cc35503460f9498c24f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Altitude vs. Distance Along LOS
1.5 km
196 kmTangent Ht.
x
z
IFOV
x