C HAPTER 1 S CIENCE IN OUR W ORLD Section 1 – Science and Scientists.
P HYSICAL S CIENCE What is Science?. W HAT IS S CIENCE Science is an ongoing process to learn more...
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Transcript of P HYSICAL S CIENCE What is Science?. W HAT IS S CIENCE Science is an ongoing process to learn more...
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
What is Science?
WHAT IS SCIENCEScience is an ongoing process to learn
more about the world around us.Science is both the activity of “doing
science” and the body of ideas and theories we learn about.
WHAT IS SCIENCEThe goal of science is to: investigate and understand the
natural world, explain events in the natural
world, and use those explanations to
make useful predictions.
PHYSICAL SCIENCEPhysical science is a branch of
science that focuses on the nonliving parts of the world around you.
It deals with matter and energy
NATURE OF SCIENCECharacteristics of Science: Science
is…Empirical: based on data and observationsTentative: changes over time or with new
evidenceCreative: use imagination to form
explanationsSubjective: each person uses their
background knowledge and previous experiences
THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST
Observation: the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly wayUsually involves the sensesInformation collected is called data
THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST
Qualitative data: descriptive, involve characteristics (or qualities) that can not usually be countedExample: hair color
Quantitative data: can be expressed by numbers, “quantity”Example: height
THINKING LIKE A SCIENTIST
Data gained through observations is used to make inferencesInference: a logical
interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience
TRICKY TRACKSPractice with Observation and Inference
What do you observe?
TRICKY TRACKS
What do you observe? What is going on?
TRICKY TRACKSInference: a logical interpretation
based on prior knowledge or experience
Did you make an inference about what is going on in these pictures? How is an inference different from an observation?
SCIENCE AS A WAY OF KNOWING
Science changes it is an ongoing process that involves asking questions, observing, making inferences, and testing ideas
Advances in technology influence the advancement of science
THE SCIENTIFIC METHODIt is a general procedure scientists use to
conduct an investigation It is a organized way to investigate
answers to scientific questions Scientific method cannot be used for every
study/experiment. Sometimes we are limited to making
observationsExample-field studies
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Ask a Question. All scientific investigations start with
one or more questions.
-why?
-how?
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
2. Gather more information. Learn as much as you can about the subject. You can use…-experts,-internet (be careful!),-books,etc. to conduct research.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
3. Form a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a statement that you can test.
Relates the manipulated variable and the responding variable. Can use a “If _______, then _________” form
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
4. Plan and conduct an experiment. Change (test) only one variable at a
time. All other variables are held constant.
Use a control group for a standard to compare experimental group(s) to.
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
5. Collect and analyze data. Determine what types of data you
need to collect. What sort of measurements do you need
to make?What things do you need to observe?
Organize your data into tables or charts!
THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
6. Draw conclusions. Was the hypothesis supported or
rejected? Note: You cannot “prove” a hypothesis,
you can only “disprove” a hypothesis.
Discuss possible sources of error, experimental results.
VARIABLESWhat are variables?
The different factors in an experiment. Manipulated variables: The thing you
purposely change during an experiment. AKA independent variable
Responding variables: The thing that changes as an effect of the manipulated variable. AKA dependent variable
Controlled variables: The factors you keep constant (the same)
1. If a student chooses to not study, then they will earn a poor grade.
2. If you drink Gatorade before a soccer game, then you will score more goals.
3. If you increase the mechanical advantage of a pulley system used to move an object, then the input force becomes less.
independent variable
dependent variableindependent
variable
dependent variableindependent
variable
dependent variable
IDENTIFYING THE VARIABLES
PRACTICEYou wish to test whether “Gulp Alive” fish attractant helps you catch more bass while fishing on your favorite lake. To do this, you fish in your favorite bass spot with a black plastic worm. You fish for a half an hour and count how many fish you catch. After a half an hour, you switch to a replica of the first plastic worm, but this time you spray “Gulp Alive” on it. Fishing in the same spot with the same pole, line, and retrieve you count how many fish you catch in a half an hour. To your surprise, you do not notice an increase your catch
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = D.V = Constants = Experimental Group = Control Group =
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = Gulp Alive Spray D.V = Constants = Experimental Group = Control Group =
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = Gulp Alive Spray D.V = Number of fish caught Constants = Experimental Group = Control Group =
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = Gulp Alive Spray D.V = Number of fish caught Constants = Spot, line, pole, plastic worm Experimental Group = Control Group =
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = Gulp Alive Spray D.V = Number of fish caught Constants = Spot, line, pole, plastic worm Experimental Group = Worm w/Gulp Alive Control Group =
PRACTICEIdentify the following in the experiment below: I.V = Gulp Alive Spray D.V = Number of fish caught Constants = Spot, line, pole, plastic worm Experimental Group = Worm w/Gulp Alive Control Group = Worm w/o Gulp Alive