P. Clemente - NHAZCA Open Day

NHAZCA OPEN DAY

Preservation of Cultural Heritage

ROMA31 – 01 – 2013

P. Clemente

PAOLO CLEMENTE – PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE

NHAZCA Open Day – Fenomeni di intsbailità geologica e strutturaleRoma, Sapienza Università di Roma, 31 gennaio 2013

INTRODUCTIONMonuments = the witnesses of history and of the historical environmentalphenomena, whose knowledge requires several centuries of observations

Earthquakes: the return periods used in the structural design are very longHistory of Italian seismicity: reconstructed also thanks to the historicaldocuments, which reported descriptions about the damages of severalmonuments

The analysis and interpretation of the historical documents should alsoaccounting for all the changes occurred on it, due to: Material degradation Changes in loads, Seismic actions, Traffic-induced vibrations Presence of other buildings

Historical AnalysisAnalysis in the present situation (experimental and numerical analyses)Check of the present structural capacityChoice of a suitable intervention



ENEA: CASE STUDIESMonuments Flaminio Obelisk Antonina Column Traiana Column Colosseum Minerva Medica Templum Tempio Rotondo at Foro Boario Duomo of Orvieto Lateran Obelisk

Historical buildings Hospidal of Pievepelago Villa Farnesina in Rome Civicl Tower in S. Martino in Rio Bell Tower at S.Giorgio in Trignano Basilica S. Maria Infraportas a Foligno S. Giuliano Church in S.Giuliano Piazza Italia School in Lagonegro

Historical Centres Theatre building in Cerreto di Spoleto CEDRAV building in Cerreto di Spoleto Marchesale Palace in S. Giuliano di P.

Orsini Palace in Morlupo C3 building in S. Giuliano di P.



FLAMINIO OBELISK



MONUMENTS: VELOCITY VALUES

Monument Basement Top

Effective values

Peak values

Effective values

Peak values

Arco di Costantino 0,097 0,340 0,210 0,283

Tempio di Minerva 0,115 0,379 0,711 2,210

Colonna Antonina 0,026 0,064 0,130 0,284

Colonna Traiana 0,033 0,094 0,340 0,478

Anfiteatro Flavio 0,122 0,155 0,121 0,325

Trofei di Mario 0,072 0,128 0,069 0,245

Terme di Caracalla 0,032 0,075 0,164 0,395



COLOSSEUM



MINERVA MEDICA TEMPLUM



Mode 1 NS f = 1.27 Hz

Mode 3 NS f = 6.15 Hz

Mode 2 WE f = 1.27 Hz

Mode 4 WE f = 6.73 Hz

LATERAN OBELISK

surface

underground



0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

C D E F GPunto di applicazione dell'impulso

Acc

. (g)

VerticaleTrasversaleLongitudinale

Vel. (mm/sec) - P/Q/R/S

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

P Q R S

VerticaleOrizzontale

Vel. (mm/sec) - Verticale

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

P Q R S

P/Q/R/SP"/Q"/R"/S"

VILLA FARNESINA



MASONRY ARCH BRIDGES

0

1

2

3

4

5

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Shake table

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

5 10 15 20 25

Time (s)

Acc

. (g)

Shake table

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 5 10 15 20 25Freq. (Hz)

PSD

(g^2

/Hz)

0 . 0 0 0

0 . 0 0 5

0 . 0 1 0

0 . 0 1 5

0 . 0 2 00 . 0 2 5

0 . 0 3 0

0 . 0 3 5

0 . 0 4 0

0 . 0 4 5

0 5 1 0 1 5

CSD

C 1C 4

C 7C 9

C H 1 - C H 8

- 1 8 0

- 9 0

0

9 0

1 8 0

0 5 1 0 1 5

Phas

e Fa

ctor

0 . 0

0 . 5

1 . 0

0 5 1 0 1 5F r e q . ( H z )

Coh

eren

ce

0

4

8

12

16

20

C1 C4 C7 C9

Dam

ping

(%)



A1x

-4.00E+01

-2.00E+01

0.00E+00

2.00E+01

4.00E+01

6.00E+01

7 9 11 13 15t (s)

Acc

(cm

/s^2

)

A1y

-6.00E+01-4.00E+01-2.00E+010.00E+002.00E+014.00E+016.00E+01

7 9 11 13 15

t (s)

Acc

(cm

/s^2

)

A8

-1.50E+02-1.00E+02-5.00E+010.00E+005.00E+011.00E+021.50E+02

7 9 11 13 15

t (s)

Acc

(cm

/s^2

)

A9

-1.50E+02-1.00E+02-5.00E+010.00E+005.00E+011.00E+021.50E+022.00E+02

7 9 11 13 15t (s)

Acc

(cm

/s^2

)

HOSPITAL, PIEVEPELAGO (MODENA)



3 cm offset

Ch3

Ch2 Ch1

Ch4Ch5 Ch6

S

EW

N

BELL TOWER OF S.GIORGIO CHURCH, TRIGNANO

y = -0.0687Ln(x) + 2.215R2 = 0.9461

y = -0.0512Ln(x) + 2.5272R2 = 0.9366

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.0

3.2

1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00

IA (cm/s)

Freq

uenc

y (H

z)

Freq. 1Freq. 2

1.E-07

1.E-06

1.E-05

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65Earthquake Number

IA (c

m/s

)

IAI [1-20]

I [5-10]

I [1-5]

-3.00E+01

0.00E+00

3.00E+01

6.00E+01

9.00E+01

1.20E+02

1.50E+02

1.80E+02

2.10E+02

2.40E+02

2.70E+02

3.00E+02

5 10 15 20 25 30 35Time (s)

Acc

eler

atio

n (c

m/s

^2)

CH6

CH5

CH4

CH3

CH2



S. FRANCESCO IN ASSISI: SMA



DUOMO OF ORVIETO

-1.0E-01-5.0E-020.0E+005.0E-021.0E-011.5E-01

0 10 20 30Time (s)

Vel. (mm/s) ORV03301 a)

-2.0E-01-1.0E-010.0E+001.0E-012.0E-013.0E-01

0 10 20 30Time (s)

Vel. (mm/s) ORV03305b)



cdrvch11

-0,1

0

0,1

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Time (s)

Vel

. (m

/s)

cdrvch09

-0,1

0

0,1

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Time (s)

Vel

. (m

/s)

cdrvch01

-0,1

0

0,1

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Time (s)

Vel.

(m/s

)

-4,0E-03-2,0E-030,0E+002,0E-034,0E-03

13 15 17 19Time (s)

Acc

. (g) cdrvch06

-8,0E-03-4,0E-030,0E+004,0E-038,0E-03

13 15 17 19Time (s)

Acc

. (g)

cdrvch15

-4,0E-03-2,0E-030,0E+002,0E-034,0E-03

13 15 17 19Time (s)

Acc

. (g) cdrvch28

a) Ch09

-2,0E-02-1,0E-020,0E+00

1,0E-022,0E-02

0 10 20 30Time (s)

Vel.

(mm

/s)

b) Ch09

-3,0E-01-2,0E-01-1,0E-010,0E+001,0E-012,0E-013,0E-01

0 10 20 30Time (s)

Vel.

(mm

/s)

c) Ch09

-1,0E-01-5,0E-020,0E+00

5,0E-021,0E-01

8 10 12 14 16Time (s)

Vel.

(mm

/s)

CEDRAV, CERRETO DI SPOLETO



riferimento

cedrav

municipiofaglia

coloniadelibera

provinciale

misia

campo sportivo

cacciatore

case popolari

CERRETO MUNICIPIO

CERRETO CAMPO

stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in dorsale

stazione velocimetrica della configurazione in piana

stazione accelerometrica della rete fissa ENEA

faglie certe

faglie presunte

CERRETO TORRE

LOCAL SEISMIC RESPONSE



PALAZZO MARGHERITA, L’AQUILA



HISTORICAL BUILDINGS Designed without accounting for the seismic actions

Vulnerable even to moderate events;

Often characterized by:

irregular shape, both in plan and in elevation,

not effective vertical connections between the walls,

in-plane flexibility of floor slabs,

shallow foundations.

Seismic rehabilitation is quite delicate:

The safety factor should be high enough due to the dailypresence of tourists;

The original monumental characteristics, identity andhistorical value should be preserved.



TRADITIONAL TECNIQUES

Are based on the increasing of strength and ductility,

Are not suitable for the seismic rehabilitation of cultural heritagebuildings:

Are often not reversible

Make use of materials different and incompatible with theoriginal ones

Determine changes in the original structural conception

Besides:

Under earthquakes of high intensity, they can just guaranteeagainst the collapse

They cannot avoid heavy damages to structural and non-structural elements



SEISMIC ISOLATION

Is a suitable solution for the rehabilitation of historical structures

Aims to reduce seismic actions,

Avoid significant damages to the structure and its contents evenunder strong earthquakes,

Presents very low interference with the structure itself.

Seismic isolation was already used in the retrofit of existinghistorical buildings



Destroid by the earthquake of 1906Recostructed in 1912Damaged during the earthquake ofLoma Prieta in 1989Retrofit, 2000 (530 LRB, 62 SD)

CITY HALL IN SAN FRANCISCO



Masonry building 4 levels (55 years) Retrofit, by means of “Medium Damping Rubber Bearings” (MDNB),2002(courtesy by prof. M. Melkumyian)

SCHOOL BUILDING IN VANADZOR, ARMENIA



IRAN BASTAN MUSEUM (TEHRAN)

(P. Clemente, A. Santini, M.G. Ashtiany)

Onset of damageagi = 0.024g

Collapseagi = 0.24 g

PGAag = 0.5 g



Insertion of the isolation devices: just below the ground level of the building or just under the foundations

This solution: requires traditional work, is not very expensive,

But presents the disadvantages of requires the modification of the foundations, is not reversible.

It is not always applicable in practice for historical constructions.

BASE ISOLATION AT THE FOUNDATION LEVEL



Internal wall

IsolatorsInserted after removal of the special elements of the pipes

Upper cilindrical sector

Lower cilindrical sectorPipes inserted by means of auger boring

or micro-tunnelling technique; D ≥ 2 m

Earth

Gap

S.I. STRUCTURE FOR EXISTING BUILDINGSInternational patent by P. Clemente, A. De Stefano, G. Barla

Isolated platform under the foundations of the building, without touching the building itself

External wall

Rigid connection



SISEB: INSERTION OF THE PIPES

excavation of a trench at one side of the building

Insertion of horizontal pipes by means of auger boring or micro-tunnelling (no dig techniques);

Diameter of pipes ≥ 2 m, to allow the inspection.



SISEB: SPECIAL PIPES

Have a particular shape;

Are composed of two portions, the lower and the upper sectors, respectively, which are connected by means of removable elements:

Red elements: where the isolators will be inserted

Grey elements



SISEB: ISOLATION DEVICES

Removal of the connection elements (red) placed in correspondence ofthe isolation devices;

Joining each pipe with the two adjacent ones (r. c. elements); Positioning of the isolation devices; Joining of the upper adjacent sectors at the isolator places; Removal of the other connection elements (grey), so the lower and

upper sectors are definitely separated;



SISEB: VERTICAL WALLS

Vertical walls along the four sides;

Rigid connection between the building and the isolation system, by means of a concrete slab or other;



CONCLUSIONS

New isolation system for the seismic retrofit of existingbuildings, based on the realization of a isolated platform underthe building foundation.

The building and its architectural aspect are not changed and soare the underground levels;

Historical centers: also for complex structure.

Tunnels for pedestrian or vehicles.

Existing chemical and power production plants, including thenuclear ones, in which separate buildings or components areconnected by complex lifelines, pipes and other links



PREVENTION = INFORMATION

NON ANTI-SEISMICBUILDING

BUILDINGS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC AND WITH A RELEVANT PRESENCE OF TOURISTS



ENEA - ANDIL BUILDING AT SULMONANuovo Centro Servizi Comunali:muratura in laterizio con isolamento sismico

architettura basata sull’uso di un materiale strutturale affidabile edi moderne tecnologie antisismiche,

risposta in termini di eccellenza ai parametri previsti dallanormative per l’efficienza energetica e la sostenibilità ambientale.



END

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P. Clemente - NHAZCA Open Day

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