Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentOzone Drinking Water ...
Transcript of Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentOzone Drinking Water ...
Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentOzone Drinking Water TreatmentOzone Drinking Water TreatmentOzone Drinking Water TreatmentApplications and Operational Applications and Operational
I tI tImprovementsImprovementsOhio SectionOhio Section
AWWAAWWA18 September 200818 September 2008
Anthony SaccoSpartan Environmental Technologies, LLC
&Paul Overbeck
International Ozone Association
OZONE• Providing Multiple Benefits
– Oxidation• TOC• TOC• Fe/Mn• Hydrogen Sulfide • Taste & Odor• Color• CL2-DBPs• EDC
– Disinfections ect o• Bacteria• Virus• Parasites
Flocc lation– Flocculation• Less Chemical Coagulant• Lower solids Handling• Lower Turbidity &
Particles• Longer Run time• Less Backwashing
Photo Courtesy of SNWA
Ozone destroys bacteria, viruses, y , ,cysts and parasites
Bacteria Inactivationby Ozone
CT = residual concentration (mg/L) x time (min)CT = residual concentration (mg/L) x time (min)
E. coli 0.02 - 0.06 mg-min/L = CT (2-log)AWWA
CT = residual concentration (mg/L) x time (min)CT = residual concentration (mg/L) x time (min)
Streptococcus faecalis 0.01 - 0.025 mg-min/L = CT (2-log)AWWA
Legionella pneumophila 0.3 - 1.1 mg-min/L = CT (2-log)AWWA
Total Coliform 0 19 mg-min/L = CT (6-log) LAAFPTotal Coliform 0.19 mg-min/L = CT (6-log) LAAFP
HPC 0.19 mg-min/L = CT (3-log) LAAFP
Ct Values (mg x min./L) For 99.9 % Inactivation of Giardia and 99.99%Virus
Data for 5°CFree Chlorine Chloramine Chlorine Dioxide Ozone( pH 6 to 7 ) ( pH 8 to 9 ) ( pH 6 to 7 ) ( pH 6 to 7 )
Giardia 122 2200 26.0 1.9
Virus 8 1988 33.4 1.2
Taken from: “Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance UsingComposite Correction Program.” prepared by Process Applications, Inc.,for the U.S. EPA, Office of Drinking Water, Cincinnati, Ohio.
US EPA CT Valuesf i i ifor Virus Inactivation
by Ozoneby OzoneTemperature °C
i iInactivation <1 5 10 15 20 25
2-log 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.25 0.15g
3-log 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.25
4-log 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.3
Drinking WaterRegulatory Backdrop
Longstanding DilemmaR
isk
bial
R
Ris
k
men
t st
Mic
ro
DB
P
vern
mnt
eres
Level of Chemical Disinfection
M
Gov In
Disinfection By-Products
ChlorineTrihalomethanes
OzoneBromate-Trihalomethanes
(THM)H l i A id
-Bromate-Assimilable
-Haloacetic Acids(THAA5)
Organic Carbon(AOC)
-Bromate
How does ozone/biofiltration work?Synergy between Synergy between
ozone and biofiltrationozone and biofiltration
NOM O3Results in
Breaks macro molecular NOM and
ozone and biofiltrationozone and biofiltration
O i
Results in TOC/COD/BOD
reduction
molecular NOM and many SOC to biodegradable OM
Organics NOM
Biofilter HO• break SOCTO bi d d bl OM
Increases microbial th i filt
TO biodegradable OM
growth in filters
By-Product Formation – THM/HAABy Product Formation THM/HAA
Ozonation & PostchlorinationPre- and Postchlorination
50607080
n (p
pb)
1020304050
Con
cent
ratio
n
TTHMHAA5
010
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
C
Courtesy of Gwinnett County, Georgia
D ti di i f ti b d t d ti1 2 0
Dramatic disinfection-by-product reductions
1 0 0
R A A M C L
6 0
8 0
(ug/
L)
4 0
Ave
rage
0
2 0
Q 3 - 0 4 Q 4 - 0 4 Q 1 - 0 5 Q 2 - 0 5 Q 3 - 0 5 Q 4 - 0 5 Q 1 - 0 6 Q 2 - 0 6 Q 3 - 0 6
Q t r ly T T H M A v g R u n n in g A n n u a l A v g
MWRA
SummarySummarySummary Summary Bromate Formation ControlBromate Formation Control
• Chemical Addition Options– ChlorineChlorine– Ammonia– AlkalinityAlkalinity – Organic Matter
pH Adjustment– pH Adjustment• Temperature Control
i i i• Lower O3 Applied Dose & Reaction Time
µg/
L)en
tial (
BrO
3 rm
atio
n Po
teFo
r
B. Daw, et.al. 2001Ct
Microflocculation
• Improved Floc/Clarification & Filtration• TOC ReductionTOC Reduction • Dosage Influenced by pH, TOC
E d Fil R• Extends Filter Runs• Reduces Solid Handling
Microflocculation
Organic Color Reduction
Taste & Odor
• Oxidation – Ozone AloneOzone Alone– Advanced Oxidation Processes
• Algal Sources• Algal Sources– methyl isoborneal (MIB)
G i– Geosmin• Other Organic Matter
Use of Ozone for Taste and Odor Control has been Successful:
Tastes great, less chlorineMay 14, 1994
Ozone treatment makes water safer, taste betterJuly 25, 1995
Water Treatment PerformanceEmerging ContaminantsEmerging Contaminants
EDC Removal<50% 50-59% 60-69% 70-79% 80-89% 90-99%
Monylphenol Atrazine Meprobromate Acenaphtylene Trimethoprim Diazepam
BHC Naphtalene Iopromide Phenolythrene Acetaminophen Oxybenzone
Musk Ketone Heptachlor Aldrine Anthracene Caffeine Progesterone
Dieldrin DDE Galaxolide Erythromyein-H2O Ethynylestradin
Endrin Metolachlorine Sulfamethozazone Testroterone
Benzo (a) Fluoxetine Andeostenedione( )pyrene
Chrysene Pentoxifylline Naproxen
Methoxychlor Pilantin Ibuprofen
Carbcamazepine DiclofenaeCarbcamazepine Diclofenae
DEET Triclosan
Fluorene Gernfibrozil
Pyrene Octylphenol
Fluoraythene
Courtesy of SNWA
Components of an Ozone SystemO G tiFeed-Gas Supply Options (Select 1)
Power Supply Unit
Fl
Ozone Generation
Ambient
Air
CRYO O System
Moisture RemovalSystem
O2
O3 %wt
FlowMeter
AmbientAir
Supply
O2Purchased LOX
CRYO O2 System
PSA O2 System
VPSA O2 SystemO2
O2
Ozone Generator
Flow Control
Purchased LOX
ValveMOzone Contacting Options (Select 1) Flow Meter
Blower
O3 Destruct
Off-GasInjectionOzoneC t t
BubbleDiffuserO O3 DestructContactorOzoneContactor
Important Advancements in OzoneImportant Advancements in Ozone System Design and Operation
• Lowered capital and O&M cost by switching to oxygen feed-gas (LOX and VPSA) and yg g ( )improvements in ozone generator design
• Developed/implemented robust process p p pmonitoring and control
• Improved fine bubble diffusion & side streamImproved fine bubble diffusion & side stream dissolution
From Air to Oxygen: Pre-1987From Air to Oxygen: Pre 1987,1987 to 1993 and Post 1993
910b Low Frequency Air fed
kWh/kg
6789
ergy
, kW
h/l Low Frequency Air-fed
Medium Frequency Air-fed
13.2
17.615.4
2345
peci
fic E
ne
Medium Frequency Medium Frequency High Efficiency
6.68.810.0
4 4
012
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Ozone Concentration, %wt
Sp
q yOxygen-fed
High Efficiency Oxygen-fed 2.2
4.4
Ozone Equipment is SimplifiedDesiccant Earlier air-fed ozone systems
Air Compressor Refrigerant Dryer Dryer Ozone GeneratorEarlier air fed ozone systems
Less equipment = Lower maintenance, capital cost, and operating cost
Liquid Oxygen Storage & Ambient Vaporizers Ozone Generator
Current oxygen-fed ozone systems
Ozone Residual Monitoring hasOzone Residual Monitoring has Improved
• “Indigo Trisulfonate” Standard Method ozone residual test
• Trustworthy on-line residual analyzers and robust sampling systemsp g y
Display Range: 0-200.0 PPB, 0-2.000 PPM Accuracy: ± 0.02 PPM or 0.5% of F.S.Accuracy: ± 0.02 PPM or 0.5% of F.S.Repeatability: ± 0.01 PPM or 0.3% of F.S.Linearity: 0.1% of F.S.Zero Drift: < 0 01 PPM per monthZero Drift: < 0.01 PPM per month
Las Vegas AMS WaterLas Vegas, AMS Water Treatment Plant 7 days of hourly data
• Water flow varies from 150 to 550 MGD twice per daytwice per day
• Dose target = 1.1 mg/L Range = 1.0 tomg/L Range 1.0 to 1.2
• Gas flow is constant
• Ozone production range is 1500 to 5500 lb/dlb/day
Controlling Disinfection is the Performance GOAL (e g Giardia)Performance GOAL (e.g., Giardia)
MWD Jensen – August 2007
100% f ti PR 2 (1 l )100% of time PR>2 (1-log)
1% of time PR>4 (2-log)
Average PR = 3 or 1.5-logs
Ozone Dissolution Options
Bubble Diffuser Side Stream
o oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo o
o oo oo oo o
OzoneGL High Efficiencyo o
o oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo o- - - -
Water Flow
L High Efficiency Venturi Injectors
Historically, the most common ozone contacting option
For many reasons, the side stream option is g pbecoming more popular today
Fine Bubble Diffuser Material Improvements
Hypalon diffuser gaskets after 2-yr service in ahigh ozone
Alternative expanded-Teflon gaskets that are
One-piece design is formed of a gas permeable porous alumina diffuser ceramic
high-ozone-concentration (8%wt) oxygen-fed ozone application
gaining popularity for use in oxygen-fed ozone applications
bonded at high temperature yielding a corrosion resistant product. Stainless steel components, polymer gaskets and cements of any kind have been eliminated.
Option 1 - Designed to maximize ozone transferOption 1 - Designed to maximize ozone transfer within the side stream flow
Liquid Trap
M Heater
OzoneDestructFM
M
Gas flow control valve
Fail-close Shut-off Valve
M P
High Pressure Switch
P PP
From Ozone
Generators
M HeaterTo
AtmospherePressure Control
sP
Check Valve
PressureControl
(Optional)FM PP
PP
Sidestream Pump
Degas Vessel
VenturiInjector P
Water Flow Mixing-enhancement
nozzles
Option 2 - Designed to utilize ozone contactorOption 2 - Designed to utilize ozone contactor for ozone transfer assistance
Liquid Trap
M Heater
To Atmosphere
FMM
Gas flow control valve
Fail-close Shut-off Valve
M P
High Pressure Switch
PP
From Ozone
Generators
M Heater
Destruct
s
PGCheck ValveFM PP
P
G
LSidestream Pump
VenturiInjector
Mixing-enhancement nozzles
L
Water Flow
International Ozone AssociationInternational Ozone AssociationInternational Ozone AssociationInternational Ozone Associationwww.io3a.orgwww.io3a.org
Joint IOA & IUVA ConferenceJoint IOA & IUVA Conference0404 06 M 200906 M 200904 04 –– 06 May 200906 May 2009
Boston, MABoston, MA
Anthony SaccoSpartan Environmental Technologies, LLC
&&Paul Overbeck
International Ozone Association