Oxyrhynchus Papyri Vol 1[1898]

THE

OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRIPART I

GRENFELL AND HUNT

Plate I (Frontispiece)

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No. II

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUNDGRAECO-ROMAN BRANCH

THE

OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRIPART I

EDITED WITH TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES

BERNARD P. GRENFELL, M.A.FELLOW OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFOKD

ARTHUR S. HUNT, M.A.SENIOR DEMY OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE, OXFORD; FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE

WITH EIGHT PLATES

LONDON:SOLD AT

The Offices of the EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND, 37 Great Russell St., W.C.and 59 Temple Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

AND BYKEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster House, Charing Cross Road, W.C.

BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 Piccadilly, W. ; ASHER & CO., 13 Bedford St., Covent Garden, W.C.and HENRY FROWDE, Amen Corner, E.C.

1898

jtfotbHORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

PREFACE

The hundred and fifty-eight texts included in this first volumeof the Oxyrhynchus Papyri are selected from the twelve or thirteen

hundred documents at Oxford in good or fair preservation which

up to the present time we have been able to examine, and from the

hundred and fifty rolls left at the Gizeh Museum.

The bulk of the collection, amounting to about four-fifths ofthe whole, has not yet been unpacked. The selected texts havebeen chosen partly to illustrate the scope and variety of the collection,

partly because their comparative completeness rendered the task of

editing them less difficult ; for the question of time has been a pressing

one. We may perhaps be allowed to draw our readers' attention tothe fact that the interval between the arrival of the papyri in England

and the completion of this book has been less than eleven months,

and that besides deciphering and commenting on the texts contained

in it we have, at the request of several subscribers to the Graeco-

Roman Branch, in most cases given translations. It has of course

been impossible in the limited time at our disposal to solve many of

the problems of restoration and interpretation which beset any fresh

vi PREFACE

collection of papyri, and especially one coming from a new site and

abounding- in novelties of all kinds. The rapidity of its publication

will, we hope, be regarded as some excuse for the shortcomings

of this volume.

The texts now published fall into two classes, the literary and

the non-literary. The examples of the former are probably a good

specimen of what may be expected in future volumes. It is not very

likely that we shall find another poem of Sappho, still less that we

shall come across another page of the ' Logia.' The chances against

any individual discovery of great value are always considerable. But

we have no reason for thinking that the surprises to come will be

much less exciting than those which have gone before.

In editing the new fragments of Greek classical literature, at

once the most interesting and the most difficult part of this volume,

we have had the assistance of Professor F. Blass, who visitedOxford last July, and with whom we have since been in frequentcorrespondence. We tender him here our warmest thanks for hisgenerosity in placing at our disposal his rare combination of profound

scholarship, palaeographical skill, and brilliancy of imagination.

Of the non-literary papyri, which range over the first sevencenturies a.d. and are of a very miscellaneous character, those of

the sixth and seventh centuries have been kept distinct from those

belonging to the centuries preceding. Within these groups chrono-

logical order has not been observed, but documents have been roughly

arranged according to subject. In future volumes we hope to proceed

on a more definitely chronological system.

To the hundred and fifty-eight texts here given we have added

PREFACE vii

descriptions of forty-nine documents at Oxford which we have copied,

but which for various reasons it seemed unnecessary to print in extenso.

Those Oxyrhynchus papyri in the Gizeh Museum which are not

published here will be fully described in the new official catalogue

of that Museum which is now in course of preparation, and of which

the division of Greek Papyri has been entrusted to ourselves. The

ultimate destination of the papyri in England has not yet been

decided ; but we shall from time to time issue statements as to the

Museums in which the originals are to be found.

In conclusion, we have to thank the subscribers to the Graeco-

Roman Branch, who have rendered this publication possible, and to.

assure them that we shall endeavour to give them a volume of equal

interest next year.

BERNARD P. GRENFELL.ARTHUR S. HUNT.

Queen's College, Oxford,April 27, 1898.

CONTENTS

Preface .... ......Table of Papyri ..........Note on the Method of Publication and List of Abbreviations used

PAGE

V

xi

xvi

TEXTSI. Theological, I-VI .....

. .

II. New Classical Fragments, VII-XVIII. Fragments of Extant Classical Authors, XVI-XXIXIV. Latin, XXX-XXXIIV. Papyri of the First Four Centuries, XXXIII-CXXIV .VI. Papyri of the Sixth and Seventh Centuries, CXXV-CLVIII

Descriptions of Papyri not Printed in Full, CLIX-CCVII

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

IX.

X.

XI.

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

VII.

VIII.

INDICESNew Classical and Theological FragmentsEmperorsConsuls, Eras and InductionsMonths and DaysPersonal NamesGeographical .Symbols ....OfficialsWeights, Measures and CoinsTaxes ....

General Index

LIST OF PLATESNo. II verso .......

Nos. VII and VIII

No. IX redo (Cols. 4-5) and XXVNo. XVI (Cols. 2-3)No. XX (redo of two fragments and verso of third)No. XXIII

No. XXVI redo (Cols. 2 and 3) and part of verso .Nos. XXX verso, XXXI redo, XXXII .

1

10

39

5962

192

2.39

245250

253

255255261

263

264266

267

267

FRONTISPIECE

Toface page 1

1

17

4i

465i

5460

TABLE OF PAPYRI

I. AOTIA IHCOY ....II. St. Matthew i (Plate I, frontispiece

III. St. Mark x-xi .IV. Theological fragmentV. Early Christian fragment

VI. Acts of Paul and TheclaVII. Sappho (Plate II)

VIII. Alcman 1 (Plate II).

IX recto. Aristoxenus, pvBjuica. oroi^eta (Plate IIIverso. List of Weights and Measures

X. Comedy ....XL Comedy ....

XII. Chronological Work .XIII. Letter to a King of MacedonXIV. Elegiacs ....

XV. Epigrams ....XVI. Thucydides IV (Plate IV) .XVII. Thucydides II . . .XVIII. Herodotus I . . .XIX. Herodotus I . . .XX. Homer, Iliad II (Plate V) .XXI. Homer, Iliad II

XXII. Sophocles, Oedipus TyrannusXXIII. Plato, Laws IX (Plate VI) .XXIV. Plato, Republic X .XXV. Demosthenes, De Corona (Plate III)

A. D. PAGE. 2nd or 3rd cent. I

3rd cent. . 4gth or 6th cent. . 73rd or 4th cent. . 73rd or 4th cent.

. 8

gth cent.. 9

. 3rd cent.. 10

1st or 2nd cent.

.

133rd cent. . 143rd or 4th cent.

. 772nd or 3rd cent. 211 st or 2nd cent.

.

22

3rd cent. . 252nd or 3rd cent. 362nd cent. . 373rd cent. . 381st cent. . 392nd or 3rd cent. 443rd cent. . 442nd or 3rd cent. 452nd cent. . 461 st or 2nd cent.

.

475th cent. . 473rd cent. . 53rd cent.

. 523rd cent. . 52

TABLE OF PAPYRI

XXVI. Demosthenes, npoolixia brjixrjyopiKa (Plate VII)XXVII. IsOCI'ates, irepX avrMcreas .XXVIII. Xenophon, Mellenica IIIXXIX. Euclid II. 5XXX. Latin Historical Fragment (Plate VIII)XXXI. Vergil, Aeneid I (Plate VIII) .XXXII. Latin Letter to a tribunus mililum (Plate VIII)XXXIII. Interview with an EmperorXXXIV. Edict of a Praefect concerning ArchivesXXXV. Proclamation and List of Emperors .XXXVI. Customs RegulationsXXXVII. Report of a LawsuitXXXVIII. Petition to the Praefect .XXXIX. Release from Military Service

.

XL. A Legal Decision ....XLI. Report of a Public MeetingXLII. Proclamation .....

XLIII. Military Accounts. Watchmen of OxyrhynchusXLIV. Sale of Taxes ....XLV. Land Distribution ....XLVI. Land Distribution ....XLVII. Land Distribution .XLVIII. Emancipation of a Slave .XLIX. Emancipation of a Slave .

L. Emancipation of a Slave .LI. Report of a Public Physician .

LII. Report of Public Physicians

LIII. Report on a Persea Tree . .

LIV. Repair of Public Buildings

LV. Embellishment of a New StreetLVI. Appointment of a GuardianLVII. Peculation by a Treasury OfficialLVIII. Appointment of Treasury Officials

.

LIX. Appointment of a DelegateLX. Commissariat.....LXI. Payment of a Fine ....LXII. Letter of a Centurion

LXIII. Lading and Inspection of CornLXIV. Order for Arrest ....LXV. Order for Arrest ....LXVI. Erection of a Statue to a Praefect

A. I). PAGE

2nd cent. . 53

i st or 2nd cent. 562nd cent. . 563rd or 4th cent.

583rd cent. . 595th cent. . 602nd cent. . 612nd cent. . 62127 . 68

223 . 742nd or 3rd cent.

76

49 7949-5 8152 . . . 832nd or 3rd cent. 833rd or 4th cent. 84

3 2 3 87

295 891st cent. 100

95 IOI

100 . 1031 st cent. 10486

. 105100 . 107100

. 108i73 108

325 109316 . 1 10201

. in283 . 112211 . 1143rd cent. ii5288 . 116292 . ii7

323 119221 . 1202nd or 3rd cent. 1202nd or 3rd cent. 1213rd or 4th cent. 1223rd or 4th cent. 123

357 123

TABLE OF PAPYRI

A. n PAGELXVII. Dispute concerning Property . . . 338 . . . .124LXVIII. Denial of a Money Claim 131 . 127LXIX. Complaint of a Robbery 190 . 129LXX. Petition ..... 3rd cent. . I30LXXI. Two Petitions to the Praefect 33 131LXXII. Property Return .... 90 . 135LXXIII. Registration of a Slave . 94 I36LXXIV. Registration of Sheep and Goats . 116 . '37LXXV. Registration of an Inheritance 129 . 138LXXVI. Letter to the Strategus . 179 . 139LXXVII. Declaration concerning Ownership 223 . I40LXXVIII. Correction of the Official Taxing Lists 3rd cent. 141LXXIX. Notification of a Death. Moral Precept s 181-92 142LXXX. Search for Criminals 238-44 . M3LXXXI. Declaration by a Tax-Collector 244-5 144LXXXII. Declaration by a Strategus 3rd cent. 144

LXXXIII. Declaration by an Egg-Seller 3 2 7 145LXXXIV. Payment to the Guild of Ironworkers 316 . 146LXXXV. Declarations by Guilds of Workmen 338. 147LXXXVI. Complaint of a Pilot 338. 148LXXXVII. Declaration by a Ship-Owner 342 150LXXXVIII. Order for Payment of Wheat 179 . 151LXXXIX. Payment of Corn . 140-1 152

xc. Payment of Corn . 179-80 152

XCI. Receipt of Wages for Nursing . 187. 153XCII. Order for Payment of Wine . 335 (?) 154XCIII. Order for Payment of Corn . 362 . 155XCIV. Agreement for Sale of Slaves 83 155xcv. Sale of a Slave 129 . 156

XCVI. Payment of Tax on Sales . 180 . 158

XCVII. Appointment of a Representative H5-6 159XCVI II. Repayment of a Loan . 141-2 160XCIX. Sale of House Property 55 . 161

c. Sale of Land 133 163

CI. Lease of Land 142 . 164

CII. Lease of Land 3 6 . 167

cm. Lease of Land 3 l6 . 168

CIV. Will . 96 . . .69

CV. Will H7-37 '7'CVI. Revocation of a Will . 135 i73

cvn. Revocation of a Will . 123 . i74

TABLE OF PAPYRI

CVIII. Monthly Meat Bill of a CookCIX. List of Personal PropertyCX. Invitation to DinnerCXI. Invitation to a Wedding FeastCXI1. Invitation to a Festival .

CXI1I. LetterCX1V. Letter concerning Property in PawnCXV. Letter of ConsolationCXVI. Letter .CXVII. Letter

.

CXVIII. Letter .CXIX. A Boy's Letter .CXX. Two LettersCXXI. Letter

.

CXXII. Letter to a PraefectCXXIII. Letter .CXXIV. Schoolboy's Exercise : the Story of AdrastusCXXV. Indemnity of a Surety .CXXVI. Transference of TaxationCXXVII. Contributions to the Corn-SupplyCXXVIII. Resignation of a Secretary .CXXIX. Repudiation of a Betrothal .CXXX. Petition for ReliefCXXXI. A Disputed InheritanceCXXXII. Division of PropertyCXXXIII. Advance of Seed Corn .CXXXIV. Contract of a StonemasonCXXXV. Deed of Surety .CXXXVI. Contract of a Farm Steward .CXXXVII. Repair of a WaterwheelCXXXVIII. Contract for the Charge of a StableCXXXIX. Promise to be Honest .

CXL. Contract with a Horse-TrainerCXLI. Order for Payment of Wine

.

CXLII. Tax-receipt .CXLIII. Tax-receipts

CXLIV. ReceiptCXLV. ReceiptCXLVI. ReceiptCXLVII. ReceiptCXLVIII. Receipt

A. I). PAGE

183 or 215 1753rd or 4th cent. . 176

2nd cent. . 177

3rd cent. . 1773rd or 4th cent. 1772nd cent. . 1782nd or 3rd cent. . l8o

2nd cent. . . l8l

2nd cent. . 1822nd or 3rd cent. 1823rd cent. . 1842nd or 3rd cent. 1854th cent. . 186

3rd cent. . 1883rd or 4th cent. 1893rd or 4th cent. I9O

3rd cent. . 191g6o . I92

572 . 1956th cent. . I98

6th or 7th cent. I99

6th cent. . 2006th cent. . 20I

6th or 7th cent. 2036th or 7th cent. 205

55 2o6

569 209

579 2IO

583 213584. 2r7610-n 219612

. . . . 222

55o 224

53 226

534 227

535 228580 . 228

552 . 230

555 230556 231556 . . 231

TABLE OF PAPYRI

CXL1X. ReceiptCL. Receipt

CLI. Receipt

CLII. Receipt

CLIII. Receipt

CLIV. AccountCLV, LetterCLVI. LetterCLVII. LetterCLVIII. Letter

A. D PAGE

572 . 232

590. 2326l2 . 2336l8 . 2 336l8 . 234

7 th cent. 2346th cent. 236

6th cent. 2376th cent. 237

6th or 7th cent. 238

NOTE ON THE METHOD OF PUBLICATION ANDLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED

In the following pages literary texts (with the exception of No. v) areprinted just as they were written, except that words are separated from eachother. Only those stops, breathings and other lection signs are inserted whichare found in the original.

The non-literary texts have been printed in ordinary type and in modernform with accents, breathings and stops. Abbreviations and symbols in thetext are resolved, except in those cases in which a sum is written out both inwords and signs ; elsewhere symbols are relegated to the critical notes, as alsoare lection signs, e.g. diaereses, except those over figures. Owing to theexigencies of the press, a sign which occurs more than once is as a rule onlyprinted on the first occasion on which it is used. Iota adscript is reproducedwherever it was actually written ; otherwise iota subscript is printed. Faultsof orthography are corrected in the critical notes wherever they seemed likelyto cause any difficulty. Corrections, if written in a hand different from that ofthe body of the papyrus, are printed in small type ; if not, in the same type asthe rest of the text.

Square brackets [ ] indicate a lacuna, round brackets ( ) the resolutionof an abbreviation or symbol, angular brackets ( ) the omission in theoriginal of the letters enclosed ; double square brackets [[ ]] indicate that theletters enclosed have been erased in the original. Dots placed inside bracketsrepresent the approximate number of letters lost or erased. Dots outsidebrackets indicate mutilated or otherwise illegible letters. Letters with dotsunder them are to be considered uncertain.

Small Roman numerals refer to the papyri of this volume ; large ditto tocolumns ; Arabic numerals by themselves to lines.

B. G. U = Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Koniglichen Museen zu Berlin,Griechische Urkunden.

Rev. Pap. = Revenue Laws of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by B. P. Grenfell, with anIntroduction by the Rev. J. P. Mahaffy.

G. P. I Greek Papyri, Series I. An Alexandrian Erotic Fragment and otherGreek Papyri, chiefly Ptolemaic, by B. P. Grenfell.

G. P. 11 = Greek Papyri, Series II. New Classical Fragments and other Greekand Latin Papyri, by B. P. Grenfell and A S. Hunt.

PART I. THEOLOGICAL

I. AOriA IHCOYi.

15x9-7 cm.

To summarize the literature evoked by the publication of the 'Logia,'and to answer the criticisms directed against the view which we suggested, isfar too large a task to be entered on here, though perhaps we may attemptit on some future occasion. The reader will find a useful bibliography of theliterature, and a lucid exposition of the different explanations of the text andtheories of its origin in Two Lectures on the 'Sayings of Jesus,' by ProfessorsLock and Sanday (Clarendon Press, 1897), though from some of their con-clusions we should dissent.

We confine ourselves here to noting briefly those points connected withreading and interpretation in which we consider that criticism has made adefinite advance, and to giving a revised text and translation.

In Logion II the parallels adduced from Clement of Alexandria byMr. J. B. Mayor leave little room for doubt that v-qareouv rbv Kocrfiov is tobe taken metaphorically.

Many critics have wished to connect rrjy isTmyt*' -", our Logion IV, with thepreceding saying. Of the various conjectures, we prefer Dr. Taylor's /3Ae

|

[ttovo-iv

avr&v rr\v raAai | ircoplav Kal t\t]v irraix^av. But we must enter a protest against

the current view that there is an a priori probability in favour of only one line

being lost at the bottom of the verso. The lacuna may have extended to fiveor even ten lines ; cf. introd. to xxii. Since there is nothing whatever to show

1 See separate publication, AOHA I H COY, Sayings of Our Lord, edited by B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt.H. Frowde 1897.

B

2 THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI

the extent of the lacuna, any attempt to fill it up must be purely hypothetical.

And a conjecture which presupposes a definite number of lines lost is therebyrendered very doubtful.

The difficulties of the fifth Saying have not yet been surmounted. Of thenumerous restorations of the three mutilated lines we on the whole prefer that

of Blass, [A

THEOLOGICAL

Verso. Recto.

15

KAI T0T6 AlABACYeiC6KBAA6IN TO KAP*OCTO 6N TO) Ot|>0AAMO) 7TOY AA6A*OY COY AereiTC 6AN MH NHCT6YCHTAI TON KOCMON OY MH6YPHTAI THN BACIA6IAN TOY OY KAI 6AN MHCABBATICHT6 TO CAB 7BATON OYK OYCCOe TOTTPA ASrei IC"

[C]THN6N M6C0O TOY KOCMOYKAI N CAPKCI CO*0HNAYTOIC KAI 6YPON HANTAC MEGYONTAC KAIOYACNA 6YPON A6IYO)TA CN AYTOIC KAI TTO 7NCI H TYXH MOY en I 7TOIC YIOIC TOON ANOONOTI TY4>AOI 6ICIN TH KAPAIA AYTO)[N] KAI OY BA[nOYCIN

15

[....]..[. T]HN nTOOXIA[Aerjei [Tc onjoY can oocin[B OYK] 6[ICI]N A0COI KAI[0]nOY 6[IC] 6CTIN MONOC[A6]roo eroo cimi mct ayt[oy] erei[P]ON ton aigoKAKei eYPHceic MeCXI CON TO EYAON KArO)eKei eiMi Aerei Ic oyK eCTIN acktoc npo4>HTHC N TH TTPIAI AYT[0]Y 0YA6 IATPOC nOICIGePAneiAc eic toycreiNOOCKONTAC AYTOAerei ic noAic oikoaoMHMCNH en AKPON[0]POYC YTHAOYC KAI

CTHPITM6NH 0YT6 ne[C]6IN AYNATAI 0YT6 KPY[b]hnai Aerei Tc akoycic[6]jC TO N (OTION COY TO[A CTePON CYNCKAeiCAC]

Logion I, verso 1-4. ' . . . and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote that isin thy brother's eye.'

Logion II, 4-1 r. 'Jesus saith, Except ye fast to the world, ye shall in no wise find thekingdom of God ; and except ye make the sabbath a real sabbath, ye shall not see theFather.'

Logion III, 1 1-2 1. 'Jesus saith, I stood in the midst of the world and in the flesh wasI seen of them, and I found all men drunken, and none found I athirst among them, andmy soul grieveth over the sons of men, because they are blind in their heart, and seenot . . .

'

Logion IV, recto 1. ' . . . poverty.'Logion V, 2-9. 'Jesus saith, Wherever there are two, they are not without God, and

wherever there is one alone, I say, I am with him. Raise the stone, and there thou shaltfind Me, cleave the wood and there am I.'

Logion VI, 9-14. 'Jesus saith, A prophet is not acceptable in his own country,neither doth a physician work cures upon them that know him.'

Logion VII, 13-20. 'Jesus saith, A city built upon the top of a high hill andstablished, can neither fall nor be hid.'

Logion VIII, 20-22. ' Jesus saith, Thou hearest with one ear (but the other ear thouhast closed).'

b a


II. St. Mattiif.w's Gospel, Ch. I.

Plate I (frontispiece). 14-7 x i(5 .

Part of a sheet from a papyrus book, which had been folded originally to

make two leaves. Of one of these only a small portion is left, containing on therecto the beginnings of three lines written in good sized uncials :

erN[rrAP[MHT[

The other leaf, which is tolerably complete and is written on both sides ina smaller and probably different uncial hand, with an occasional tendencytowards cursive, contains vv. 1-9, 13, 14-20 of the first chapter of St. Matthew's

Gospel. This papyrus was found near that containing the ' Logia,' a day ortwo afterwards. Though the writing is somewhat later in style than that of the' Logia,' there is no likelihood of its being subsequent to the beginning of thefourth century, and it may with greater probability be assigned to the third.It may thus claim to be a fragment of the oldest known manuscript of any partof the New Testament.

The part preserved consists mainly of the genealogy, and the variants arenot many, nor important, being chiefly found in the spelling of the propernames. So far as the papyrus goes, it tends to support the text of Westcottand Hort against the Textus Receptus. The common biblical contractionsJC, XC, YC, TTNA, KC, examples of which already occur in the ' Logia,' are alsofound here. A stop occurs in line 17 of the verso, and a rough breathing inline 14 of the recto. An apostrophe is occasionally placed after foreign namesand the diaeresis over iota is common. The two sides of the leaf containingthe St. Matthew are numbered a and /3, and it is noteworthy that the verso isuppermost.

As the arrangement in the quire of the two leaves forming the sheet iswholly uncertain, the question what relation, if any, the beginnings of the threelines on the other leaf have to the St. Matthew fragment cannot be determined.The difference in the handwriting and the greater margin above the threebroken lines distinguish them from the text of St. Matthew, though they mayhave formed a title of some kind.

A facsimile of the verso is given in the frontispiece. The condition of therecto is not so good, the writing being entirely effaced in some parts.

THEOLOGICAL

Verso. a

bibaoc reNeceooc r? xy yy aayia [yioyABPAAM ABPAAM ereNNHCCN TON [i'CAAKicaak A[e] ereNNHceN t[on] 'i'akoob ['i'akoobA er[e]NNHC6N TON lOYAAN K[A]I T[OYC

5 A[A]6A*OYC AYTOY i'OYAAC AC ereNNHC6N TON *APC KAI TON ZAP6

K THC 0Amap *Apec Ae ereNNHceN ton ecptOMC[PO)]M A6 ereNNHCGN TON [A]PAM apamAe [ejreNNHceN ton amminaaab am

io m[i]naa[a]b Ae ereNNHceN TON naaccoonaa[C]coon Ae ereNNHceN ton caa[M]ooncaamoon Ae ereNN[H]ceN ton Boec eKthc paxab Boec ac ereNNHceN TON i'OOBHA'

K THC P[0]YG |'00[BH]A AC ereNNH15 ceN ton Ycccai Yecc[Ai A]e ereNNHceN

TON AAYi'A TON BACIAC[A AAYJIA A6 ereNNHC6N TON COAOM00NA 6K THC OYPCIOY. COAOM00N AC erNNH[C]eN TON POBOAM POBOam Ae ereNNHceN t[ojn ab[ci]a abcia Ae

20 ereNNHceN ton aca[*] aca* Ae ereNnhcn ton ToocAAT' 'i'ooca*at' Ae ereNn[H]ccn ton 'i'copam 'i'oopam Ae ereNN[HC]e[ton] oze[i]AN ozeiAc Ae ere[N]NHC[eN

M6TA AC TH]N M25 toikccian babyaoonoc iexoNi]AC ere

]

Z0P0BAB6A A]e

Recto. B

[TON] CAA0O[K C]AAO0K Ae ereNNHCCN TO[N[AxeiM] AxeiM Ae ere[N]NHceN ton aioy[a[CAIOY]A A er[e]NNH[C]N TON AAZAP eA6A[Z]AP AC [ejreNNHCCN TON MA60AN MA60A[NAe ereNNHceN ton [Yjakoob 'i'akoob ac[e]reNNHceN Tooch* ton anapa m[Apiac ei hc ereNNH[e]H Tc AeroMeNOC [xqTTACAI OYN re[Ne]AI AnO ABPAAM CGOCaayia reNeAi ia kai aito [a]a[y]ia' [ejooc thcMCTOIK6CIAC BABYA00NO[C] re[NAI] iA KA[I

6 THE OXYRIIYNCHUS PAPYRI

Ano ti-ic /v\eT|ojiKeciAC bab[Y]ao)N[o]c eoocTOY XY r6NAI IA TOY AC IY XY H r6N6CIC OYT00C HN MNHCTY0eiCHC THC MH

VTPOC AYTOY M[API]A[C] TOO [lOOJCH* nPIN H CYN

15 6A06IN AYTOY[C] CYPeOfH] N TACTPI 6XOYCA 6K [TTNC] AfriOY i'OOCH* AC 0] ANHP AYTHC A[l]KAI[OC OON KAI MH G6A00N AYTHNA6irMA[TJ$[ICAI CBOYAHJ0H [AA0PAATTOAY[CAI AY]THN [T]AYTA [A AYTOY N

20 [G]YMH[0NTOC l]AOY Ar[r6A0]C KY [K]A[T[0]NAP [*ANH A]YTOO [ACrOON] TO)C[H][YIOC] A[AYIA] M[H] *0[BH9HC] TTAP[AAAB]er[M]APIAN T[HN] TYNAI[KA COY] TO TA[P N AY[TH reN]NH6N 6[K] ffNC [6CTIN] A[H

25 M6[

We give a collation with the T(extus) R(eceptus) and the W(estcott)-H(ort) text.Verso. 1. AAYIA: Aavd& W-H., Aa/3i'8 T.R. ; so in 16, and recto 9.2. erCNNHCCN : so W-H. and throughout, eyewrjtre T.R.6. ZAP6 : Zapa W-H., T.R. Zape B.9. AMMINAAAB: Apu/afidS W-H., T.R.12. B06C : so W-H., and in 13. Bodf T.R.13. ICOBHA: so W-H., and in 14. 'afSl/S T.R.16. A8 erCNNHCCN : SO W-H. 8e 6 (3a

THEOLOGICAL 7

To sum up the results of the collation, the papyrus clearly belongs to the same class asthe Sinaitic and Vatican codices, and has no Western or Syrian proclivities. Except inthe cases where it has a reading peculiar to itself alone, the papyrus always agrees withthose two MSS. where they are in agreement. Where they differ, the papyrus does notconsistently follow either of them, but is somewhat nearer to the Vatican codex, especiallyin matters of spelling, though in one important case (toC 8e 'Itjo-oO XpioroO) it agrees with theCodex Sinaiticus.

III. St. Mark's Gospel, Ch. x. 50, 51 ; xi. 11, 12.

4-5x8.3 cm.

Fragment of an early vellum codex containing part of St. Mark x. 50, 51,xi. 11, 12 in a calligraphic uncial hand, probably of the fifth or sixth century.The MS. to which the fragment belonged was of the same class as the CodexAlexandrinus, and the part preserved agrees with the Textus Receptus.

Recto. Verso.

IM]ATIO~~ K[AI eiC TO I6P0N[AYTOY A]NACTAC HA KAI [n6PIBA6TAMe66N TTPOC TON IN" NOC TTA[NTA OYIKAI ATTOKPieeiC A6 AC HAH OYCHC TH[C

5 rei AYTO) IC Tl 0[ 5 OOPAC eiHAGeNA6IC TTOIHCO) CO[l IC BH0ANIAN M

Ae ty*aoc e[irre~ [T]A toon aooacka-[K]AI TH 61TAYPION

Recto. 2. ANACTAC : so AC and others, avair^rras W-H., following NBD andothers.

4-5- Arei AYTOO TC: so A and most later MSS. t

THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI

Fr. (a). Fr. (*).

15 ec- Y[ . . . .

]N A TYXH[ ]M6P [ ]JKO) 6YTYX[ ] ArA0O[. . . .]

[. . A1ABIN[ letl TA TTONHPf ]POC ArA[0O]CTOY TTONHPOY 0YA6N AAAOC n[ ]TINAAAO HN 6ANAT0C TOO 20 N6M6[ 5 ]K6I KAI000 h zhmia orrep aay [. .]ATA[NATON TAYTA TTAPA TH 6N . PY[KAT00T6PA YYXH *AOI[A TA- 6CT[I Fr. (4PA KAA6ITAI- H A6 AN[00 VYXHC T[ MT6PA YYXH TA 1'AIA T[l 25 A[.]- TTAPA[ ]HA[NC0CK6I AAIK60N KA]I N[.]MBA . [ ]THN[MH AAIK0O[N] N TH [Y TTA[. '.]..[ ]CIN[

AAKH ICOI eiC[IN] KA[I TH[ 5 ].PHTO[TH KP[ TA[ ]Aerr[

End of column.8. 1. (evp)a rfjs deioTrjTos. rb yap tlo-6.[ ]oA[

io TTpoQrjTLKov TTv(iv/x)a to era)- io ovre. . .

[.]ov[

THEOLOGICAL

fiaraov zcttiv rrjs wpo-

r]Tt.Kfjs ra^etoy, 8 iariv

to o-cofia rrjs orapKos 'l(j](ro)0 X(pi]wo[v

tr ovpaviois p[6 AavlS kv Ttvifvp.ar)i [. .

15 K.[ypio)v clvtov ds.[

Recto. 7. I. f)6v\eTcu. 8. 1. carat. Verso. 1. Probably [5yi|o]. 14. &mi8' Pap.4. sqq. ' . . . and that man being filled with the Holy Spirit speaks as the Lord wills,

the spirit of the Divine nature will thus be manifest. For the spirit of prophecy is theessence of the prophetic order, which is the body of the flesh of Jesus Christ, which wasmingled with human nature through Mary.'

VI. Acts of Paul and Thecla.

7-3 x 6-7 cm.

Vellum leaf from a book containing the Acts of Paul and Thecla, the partpreserved containing portions of chapters viii and ix.

The leaf is written in a small, somewhat irregular uncial of probably aboutthe fifth century. The verso is much stained. Stops are occasionally used, andthe space at the end of short lines is filled by >. The text of this MS. variesa good deal from the others, which are all later than it by five centuries or more.We append a collation with Tischendorf 's text (Acta Apostolorum Apocrypha).

Verso.Recto.

MYPIAI KAINON COI xoo eirreiN eeoopHMAHM6PAI TAP HAH TP6ICKAI NYKT6C TP6IC 66KAA ATTO TAYTHC THC)gypiaoc oyk erHreptai oyt6 em to *AreiNOYTe em to rreiN atcnizoyca ooc rrpoc y*paCIAN OYT00C nPOCKei[TA]I ANAPI E6N0O AHA[THAOYC] KAI TTOIKIAOYC

KAI K6N0YC AOTOYCAIAACKONTI 0l)CT6>

15 6/V\e 0AYMAZ6IN ei HTOIAYTH TTAPGeNOC)XAAerrooc Noxa6itai

ANOPOOTTOC OYTOCOAMYPI THN IK0NI6

20 (jON TTOA6I ANACeiei Tl A6 KAI THN CHN 06)KAAN TTACAI TAP Al T[YNAIKeC KAI 01 N[OICYN TAIC. [

1. OAJMYPIAI ; om. T(ischendorf).2. eeooPHAV\: %i;/ffl, ed/ivpi T.

^

3. HMCPAI k.t.X. : Kai yap r)p.epas rpc'is Kai vvKTas Tpfts QcKKa airb rrjs SvplSos ovk iyctperat T.

8. IT6IN : 1. mciv. aXKtx arevi&vaa &arrep els eveppaaiav T.

io THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI

13. KAI K6N0YC : om. T.Ig. M6 : pf T. 61 k.t.\.\ irois 17 roiavrq alSas rijs irapBevov T.IV- 6NOXA6ITAI : fyXtlroi T -19. 0AMYPI : before 6 &v6pmros T.20. TT0A6I is a mistake for nSKiv.24. CYN TAIC .[: om. T.

PART II. NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS

VII. Sappho.

Plate II. 19-7 x 9-6 cm.

Part of a poem in Sapphics written in the Aeolic dialect. Portions oftwenty lines are preserved, a foot and a half being lost at the beginning of eachline, besides occasional lacunae. In spite of its mutilated condition, however,

enough remains of the poem to determine its subject and authorship withtolerable certainty. The reference to the poet's brother who is returning homeacross the sea (stanza 1), the tone of gentle reproach for some misdeed com-mitted by that brother in the past which the poet now wishes to bury inoblivion, the dialect and metre, the obvious antiquity of the poem as shown bythe presence of the digamma in line 6, the resemblances in thought and phraseto the known fragments of Sapphocombine in favour of the hypothesis that wehave here part of an ode addressed by Sappho to her brother Charaxus.Charaxus (Hdt. ii. 135 ; Strab. xvii. p. 808 ; Athen. xiii. p. 596 ; Suid. vv.Afo-

Plate II

1

I

i-rrAj ' - *^* 7 n *j, f a -A

1 7-oj t j * i *> AX / Y^^

NOS. Nil AND VIII

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS n

which we should assign to the third century. Cf. Plate II with Plate VI,the Plato papyrus written before 395. Apostrophes marking elision, stops,accents, and marks of quantity are occasionally inserted. Iota adscript iswritten once, omitted 4, perhaps 5, times. The omission is usual in papyri of thisdate and in later Aeolic inscriptions, but Sappho herself must have written it.

]NHPH'l'AeCABAABH[ ]OTOICI[.. .]OI0AXeY(jON

]rNHTONA[.]TeTYi'AIK6C0A[ ]MNA]a)eYMOOKeeeAHr6N6C0Ai. ]MeicAioo[.]TOKerxp

Kippov rjX\\ err dy[\at]a iroXtrav,

15 Kal (3pd)(y \a\tiTr{ov d]yiJKe Savr ov

K(V Sid p.d]Kpa>,

I2 THE OXYRHYNCITUS PAPYRI

- xj - \ov at k\{ w - kj \cn

_ w _ y -]v- o-ii \Se\ Xvy[p e\pe[n]va

vvkti ir&VTa Kar]6(n\iv]a k&kolv [^

20 - w w -](.

' Sweet Nereids, grant to mc

That home unscathed my brother may return,And every end, for which his soul shall yearn,Accomplished see

!

And thou, immortal Queen,Blot out the past, that thus his friends may knowJoy, shame his foes,nay rather, let no foeBy us be seen

!

And may he have the willTo me his sister some regard to show,To assuage the pain he brought, whose cruel blowMy soul did kill,

Yea, mine, for that ill nameWhose biting edge, to shun the festal throngCompelling, ceased awhile ; yet back ere longTo goad us came.'

1. The poem probably began with an invocation to Aphrodite, who no doubt is thegoddess addressed in 5, apt^pore.

3. Cf. Sappho i. 17 k&tti poi fiakurra 6e\a> yevea$ai jiaivoKa #u/lig>, and i. 26 ocrara 8e fxoc

5. TTP]OCG': i.e. her quarrel with Charaxus about Rhodopis. In the next lineCharaxus is the subject of yivio-dai.

6. The only other place where the digamma is found in a papyrus is in the Parisfragment of Alcman, 6.

10. The restoration of this stanza is much more difficult than that of the precedingtwo. oviav Xvypav can be accusative singular or genitive plural. Blass prefers the latteralternative, making Sroia-i agree with it. There is but one instance for otov, Stco etc. usedwith a feminine antecedent, Eurip. Iph. in Taur. 107 1 pqrphs irarpos re k

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 1314. eV dyXata TtoXirav : the meaning is that Charaxus was unable to take part in the

festivities of the citizens owing to the reproach he had incurred.15. fiawTe, or Srjm-e, 'again' is common in Sappho, e.g. i. ig.18-19. The position of the fragment containing the letters ]AYT[. .]P and ]NAKAKAN[

is doubtful. toctI. . . Kar])

i4 THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI

g-6. For the variation in the quantity of koKA cf. Theocr. vi. 19 ra pf) raXa raXa

7. wpia-rov eKerfrnvTos is Homeric ; cf. Od. xviii. 156; xix. 564. Blass would read thelast word of this line AII~[AAI, the next line commencing (e.g.) livKOTaras xW. But if thethird letter is r there should be some trace of the vertical stroke, which there is not; andtherefore T or, less probably, T7 are preferable. A1T[NAC does not seem very suitable,though cf. Pind. Pyth. i. 38 vicjioiair A'trva, irdvera x^vos

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS *5

this discussion with what precedes and follows is obscured by the mutilation ofthe papyrus. In the fifth Column the question is the admissibility of the

forms discussed in Columns II and III (w - w - and - w - w) in dactylic andanapaestic metres.

The script of this papyrus is a clear, upright uncial (cf. the accompanyingfacsimile of Columns IV and V), which we should assign to the first half of thethird century. This date is indicated not only by the character of the hand itself,but also by a semi-uncial document (pp. 77 sqq.) on the verso, which can hardlybe later than about the year 330. A number of corrections have been made inthe manuscript by a second, though not much later, hand, to which is due thesingle accent that occurs (III. 16). Sentences are marked off by marginal para-graphia which, as in the Thucydides papyrus (No. xvi), are usually, though not

invariably, combined with blank spaces in the text.In editing this fragment we have received much help from Prof. Blass, to

whom we are indebted for a number of readings, for the more considerablesupplements, and to a large extent for the explanatory notes.

Col. I.

]AI]C

A6E]60)C

]AA]H XPH

]l

]H XPH

]J TAYTHI

IAJMBOY AN] . AYCI

] . AMH 6NAAeAA]B MONO

AAKTYjAIKOOl CTTA6]TTI TTOAY

]

]]c errei

]AOTON]TOI']OYN

15

Col. II.

MEN OYN 6ICIN 01 PYOMOI OYTOITHC TOIAYTHC ACZeOOC XPHCAI

SaKTuA.

TO A AN AYTHI KAI [[IAMB]]0C KATAi- HP..[[AJA[[KTYA]]ON ANATTAAI TOON TT6PIeXOYCOON EYAAABOON T606I

TODSCOJN IC XPONOYC H OOC 6N T00IJ


]Y . [. XPATAI [0] PY0M0C OYTOC XPHCAITO A A[N TH]J TOIA[YTHI] A6E[6I

13 lines lost.[3 lines lost.

Col. III.

TANON 6IA0C KATA A6 THC PY0MOnO 1 1 AC CXHMATA TTAPAAAATT6IN T0OI *IAON GOPAICIN ArATTHMA 0NATOICIN ANATTAYMA MO

5 xgoon ecn ag noY kai eyncxeic erri TPeic ePTATON aai~MON ArNAC T8K0C MAT6P0C ANkaamoc ereNNAce hot eN taic

nOAYOABOICEIN]] GHBA1C XPHCAI10 TO A AN KAI IAMBOC THI AYTHI

TAYTHI Aeiei AY.eCT6P0N ASTOY BAKX6I0Y TO TAP MONOXPONON 0IK6I0T6P0N TOY TPOXAIKOY H TOY IAMBOY OION N T0OI

15 BAT6 BAT6 K6I06N Al A IC TO TTPO

C06N 0P0M6NAI TIC TTO0 [[6]) NAnic ooc eYnpenHC nin amen6i tpcic noAAC aiaacinOYCIN Al eynzyhai oocts

20 nepioAOOAec ti nrNecA[i ayTAI M6N OYN Al XPHC6IC T[. .

.

14 lines lost.

Col. IV.

GON [H]MI[C6]0ON AYTOC AC AOTOCKAI H[6P]I TOY TTAICONOC KAI TAP OYTOC 6[K HJ6NT6 TTePieXONTCONAYN[AT]AI EYNTI06C0AI AHAONA OTI KAI 6K H6NT6 HMIC600N

OUVEYN6XHC M6N H TOIAYTHXPHCIC OYK AN rlTNOITO HAN

Plate III

a

KJ^ii reMOi ~ r-iXfJey ph

'IT

No*. IX asp XXV

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 17T6A00C TAP AAAOTPION TO H0OCTHC TOIAYTHC PYOMOITOIIAC

10 TOY T[] TTAICONOC KAI TOON nPOTOYT[0]Y PHONTO)N ei A6 nOY

x TI6e[M]6NH 6N KATAM[l]=eiT[0]Y l[A]jOY 6N6KA AOK[IMA]ZOITO TAX AN XPHCAITO [TIC] AY

P15 THI [61] MH KA0OAOY AI[A TH]N nPO

6KK[6I]M6NHN ATTO[PIAN] A0TOYC 6AT60N TAC TO[IAYT]AC XPHC6IC OCAI M6IKTOYC T[INA]CMAINOYCI PY6M[0YC MH] A[0

20 KIMAZOM6NOYC Y[nO THC Al[co]Hceooc enei j\ [kooayoi[AN] TAYTH[I] XPHCA[CGAI THI

14 lines lost.

Col. V.

erTY[C 6]CTAI ANAHAICTIKOY CXHMATO[C] CX6A0N AHAON AIA Tl A OYK AN r[l]TN[0]ITO KAI TO ANT6CTP[AMM6NON [C0]CT6 THN MN nPO)

5 THN EYAAABHN N TtO[l] MenCTCOI XPON00I K6IC[0AI THN A6AYTPA[N] N TOO[l] [AA]X[l]C[TCOITHN A T[PI]THN N [T]COI M6C00[IAHAON A 0[T]j H AYTH A[YT]H A170P[IA

icAiATeitNe]! kai eni thn antiK6IM8NHN A6HIN THI T6TPAXPONCOI KPHTIKHI A6E6I AIA

CTl TAP OYK AN H AYO IAMBIKOI I[CTHN TT[.] . [.]NC0M6N[H]N PY0MO

15 [TT]OII[AN MH TH]N AYT[H]N ArCOrH[N[CtOIZOYCIN H AYO TPOX]AIKOIC XP[H[caito ] . [.]y rere[ ]ON Al HN[ai]tian[. ...]... *ANepoN n[e

20 PI MN OY[N TOY]TOY TOY CXHMATOC TOCAYT [I]PHC0OO H TAP 1"T[A

C


PA *YCIN TOON IYAAABCON 0e[CIC OYX Y]riO AAKTYAIKHN PY[GMOnOIIAN E]YNTINOYCA *A

25 [N6PA 6K TOON] eM[nPO]C0N H[AATTO BPAX]6IAC APXOMNH T[[TPAXPONOC A6]HIC 0IK6IA M6N [6C[TI KATA T]HN TOON PY0MOON[*YCIN OYCA IA]MBIKH TOY IAMBOY

30 [ ]NA CXHMATA THC A6[E600C TAYJTHC 6CTI M6N TI[ ]Y[-]N[. .]AYT00N[ ]T[. . .]M[. .]PA TOIC[ ]M6NON 0OC[T]6 HYN6

35 [Xl M6N TA]YTHC XPH|[l]lCei OY PAI

Col. II. ' These then are the rhythms most appropriate to such a cadence. It mayalso be employed by the " Iambic-dactyl," in which the syllables composing the cadence areplaced with reference to its beats in the reverse position to that which they occupied in thecretic. The metrical basis upon which the system proceeds will be the iambus. For

I v I _w I \j v "-* v vexample :" Where the fields | which decay | not nor fade | receive in their | embrace by

W W I W I W I w w Isha|dy woodland deeps | delicate | maiden-throngs [ celebrating Bacchus." Here thecadence is used as we have described in the first three feet, and also in three other feet

L_ w I w 1

w I w

further on. Again :" Who soe'er|pleasure takes

|in good cheer

|and the dance." But

this rhythm is not used for long in a system of this kind. Such a cadence may beemployed ....

Col. III. [Similar to the " Iambic-dactyl " is] the form [called the baccheic], thoughww v v v I \j

it shows variations of rhythmic scheme in the lines :" To the Hours | cherished de|light to V W W 1 W

men | respite for a [ space from lajbour." As many as three such feet may occur together :

I w I w I w vv ww v" All-revered

|god, a chaste

[mother's child

| ,hers who of old | was in the wealth|teemingV WW I w

renowned | city of Thebes | born to Cad|mus." The same cadence may be employed bythe iambus, though it is less graceful than when used by the baccheus, for the single beatis more appropriate to a trochaic rhythm than to the iambus. For instance, in the lines :

I w w w I w w w w w I

"On|ward, on|ward now,|ye maids, || Come | ye speeding on to [ the front. || Whow w -w 1

w w w then can | that maijden be? || With | what grace | about | her flows || . . . I" the syncopeoccurs at intervals of three feet, so as to produce a kind of period. These usages ....

Col. IV three short syllables. The same account holds good of the paeon.For this too may consist of five component syllables, and therefore, evidently, of fiveshort ones also. A continuous use would not be made of such a rhythm ; for its characteris quite alien to the paeon and the feet previously mentioned. It might, however, beused if its especial appropriateness in combination with other feet should commend it,though, as a general rule, owing to the difficulty previously raised, it is perhaps better to

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 19leave untried uses which exhibit mixed rhythms not approved by common taste. Elsewhy should this [cadence] not be employed [? by the dactyl and anapaest . . . . ?

Col. V. That such a rhythm] will approximate to the anapaestic form is fairly clear.But what is there to prevent the use of the reverse form, in which the first syllable has thelongest time, the second the shortest, and the third a mean between the two? It is evidentthat this same question may also be put with regard to the cadence which is the reverse ofthe four-beat cretic. For why should not either two iambic feet with different tempo beused, or two trochaic feet . . . . ? Concerning this form the foregoing account will besufficient ; for that the unnatural arrangement of the syllables does not enter a dactylicsystem may be easily gathered from what has been said. The four-beat cadence beginningwith a short syllable, being of iambic type, is from the nature of its rhythms appropriateto the iambus. The . . . forms of this cadence are . . . , so that it is not easy to meet witha continuous use of them.'

1. 12. fxovo\[xpov . . ? Cf. III. 12.

13. CTTA : Probably some form of c7ravios; perhaps ojra|[nW pivroi koi ovk e]jri jroXii.II. 1. The preceding column must have ended with 0IK6I0TAT0I (cf. III. 13)

or some similar word.01 PY0MOI OYTOI : One of these was certainly the cretic; cf. 7.2. A6H600C : i.e. the Xefw rpixp&vos - -, one of the long syllables having the value

of one long and one short syllable.3. AAKTYAOC KATA IAMBON : Corrected by the second hand from IAMBOC KATA

MKTYAON. ScIktv\os Kara "a/a/3oi> is the Aristoxenian term for u - u - ; v. Aristides ittpiliovciKfjs 39, where it is described along with the Aristoxenian cretic - u - , cf. Schol.Hefhaest., p. 173, Gaisf. diTpox"ios ... Km KprjTiKos hot 'ApurrAgewv.

4. TTPI|eX0YCO)N : i.e. the three syllables of which the Xe'fis consists; cf. IV. 3.In the cretic measure of three instead of four syllables, the lengthened syllable is placed

last (- u l) ; in the Mkt. Kara 1V/3- it stands first ( i_ u -). Cf. V. 3 sqq.5. Teeei|CO)N eiC TOYC XPONOYC: cf. Aristox. pv6p. ot-oix. 270 (Westphal

Melrik der Griechen App. p. 5) Ae'is els xP^vovs reBeltra Biacpepovras.

9. 6ICI

IAMBON : in the cases previously treated of (e.g. the cretic, cf. 1. 1, note) themetrical basis was the trochee.

14. A6X0NTAI : scanned v - -i , the catalectic form of u - o - .15. nNT6 nPOOTOI: transposed by the corrector; cf.IV. 15. An earlier instance of

this method of indicating a transposition by the use of the letters a and occurs in theThucydides papyrus (No. xvi).

20. AYTHI : I, which was originally omitted, may have been inserted by the first hand.

III. 1. Blass suggests that the sentence may have run :eon Se wapopoiov ra banrvKmra Kara 'lapfHov to Kara Qanx&ov (or j3a(c^fiaK0l') Ka\ovpi\vov eidos k.t.'K. We learn from the laterwriters on metre that Patios was the name given by the ' musici 'by which term theyallude especially to Aristoxenus, v. Blass in New Jahrb. f. Philol, 1886, p. 451to thechoriambus (- u -); cf. Caesius Bassus 268, 21, Mar. Victor. 149, 32. In Aristides npl

p.ovmK?is 39 this measure is called haK-nihos Kara Pavlov rbv coto rpoxaiov.2. TTAPAAAATT6I : e.g. in the use of the form - o u ^ . The quotation may best be

ww L_wowl v -l_vvwl_w--SCanned thus :

so THE OXYRHYNCHUS PAPYRI

9. TTOAYOABIOIC. The reading of the first hand, TTOAYOABOICIN, gives a very badrhythm in the last foot but one. The correction TTOAYOABIOIC will make the last foot (-/3iWQrifiais) a fimxeios imu Idppov (o u) instead of a !3aKxeios oVo rpoxaiov ; cf. note on III. I.Perhaps ITOAYOABOICI is the true reading, in which case the scansion will be as follows :

v anXccv Kal avopoiav(rvvQevLS) irepiobos 8e TtXeiavoiV.

IV. i. (ON, which begins the column, is probably the termination of Tpi\s>v. Thereis an apparently meaningless slightly curved vertical stroke above the 00 of [H]MI[C6]00N.

2. TTAICONOC: the paeon ordinarily consists of a combination of one long and threeshort syllables, in any order. There is also the ni imfiaros (Aristides op. cit. 38 sq.) offive long syllables, to which Aristoxenus here seems to refer (Jk mvre mpiexon-av SvvuraigvmWetr&ai), before proceeding to note the form consisting of five short syllables.

3. nePieXONTOON : sc. xp

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 21been written by the first hand. With tyi/3oir supply Xpovois (sc. ^oVon ovv6ctois, cf. pvBp..


TOON TT[ ]MN00N TAP HM6[YTTOT[ ]Y M6IPAKION N06[

10 P0ON[ ]M IC TO BAPA0PON CMB[AAnPO*AC[IN ] MIKPAN TO MEN TOY[T*PACAI rAP-AflAre KPON[l]KON APXAIOY T[POnOYi'NA X[P]HCTON 6ITTH TIC XOAH *IAOAecn[OTOCM6 T . [. T]0 TTAOYTeiN HAY TAAAA A 6CT l[C0OC (?)

15 er MN TAneiNCON KAI ttapaaozoon H[AONHC[YnjEPBOAH TIC AAA eA6Y0PON M6 A6I[itpjooton rcNeceAi kai tyxon nh t[on aia[TO] NYN M TOON 6NTAY0 AM6AHCAI nPA[TMAT00NAPXH reNOIT AN HCYCeTAI TAP AYTIKA

20 GA0CON TPO*IMOC nPCOTON H TTAIC 17[7. Probably 6NTJAY0A or 6AHJAY0A.8-1 1. Blass suggests the following restoration of these lines:

rStv Tr[Xr]iJ.fieXov]i^vcov yap rjfie[ts ttjv Siktjv

V7TOT[peO[ltl>)

K0]ll /J-iLpaKLOV iv6i[pjXOV OV,

kpa>v, \ol6v t oV] p! eh to (3dpa6pov kpi^aXuv

Trp6(paa[iv Xa/3oc] piKpdv. to p.\v tou[to> tv-^ol.

14. CMC T.: the letter after T is either 6, 0, or 0) ; 6M0I T6 [T]0 was not written.20. Blass suggests at the end of the line n[ova-Ti /toi;

XI. Comedy.

i7-7 X I'j-Scm.

Parts of two consecutive columns from a lost comedy. The papyrus iscomplete at the top and bottom, but the beginnings of the lines of the firstand the ends of those of the second column have been broken away. Underthese conditions it is difficult to make out any connected sense. In 1-42we have a dialogue between a young man and a confidential friend or Tsaihayoayos(cf. TPO*[IMON in 41) concerning a marriage which had been long arranged forthe young man, but which he wishes to break off, having contracted anotherand secret engagement. At 43 a fresh scene apparently begins, indicated bya marginal note containing the new speaker's name. The fragment has severalpoints of resemblance to the recently-discovered fragment of Menander'sFeaipyos ; see pp. 17, 18 in our edition of it for the characters in that play,and cf. 44 ( aypov, 50 abekcpos with 18, 19 of the Teupyos, ovk oT8

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 23fays in 25 does not suit the Kopr\ in the Teupyos whom Cleaenetus wishes tomarry. Perhaps, as Blass suggests, this fragment comes from another play ofMenander, with a plot very similar to that of the Vecopyos, just as the story ofhis Andria very much resembled that of his Perinthia.

The MS. is written in a good-sized round upright uncial hand, which isevidently of an early date. It may be placed with much probability in theperiod from 50 to 150 A.D. As in x, the divisions of the dialogue are markedby a colon. A single high point is used to mark a pause. Accents, breathings,and marks of elision occur occasionally. All these signs seem to be by theoriginal scribe.

Col. I.

]6B6INHCA 6P6IC : 00 HPAKA6IC]O0C AYTON OICeiN TTPOCAOKAC]H TINAC AOTOYC M6TA TAYT' 6P6IN]0N TAYTA KAI YAAPXIAC

5 ]AI NYN T AAOZO)[C] AP eANH]6PA COI CYNOIKIZ00N T0T6]eiTT00N OTI KAACOC MN GIX IC00C]THC 6K TTAAAIOY reNOMNHC]T00N T6 AOZANTOON TOT6

10 ]T0OC eBOYACYCOO KAAOOC]ANHC6G 6TPO[C] AEIOC]IKOC A6 nPOYAABeC MGPOC]IC0OC : 6MAYTON : IC0 OTI

]OYTOC nOCAKIC 6TTI THN OIKIAN15 ]N Oj T TOYTOY TN0OPIMOI

]6A6I CYNCAGeiN OYK 6A6I]00C TAYTA- KAI TTAPATTeiCeTAI]OYA6N AICXYN6I- A6rOON

AicjxYNei rAp ecTAi r oy *ac[.]n

25

]T00N erKAAOYNTOON OYTO[. .]YCIN nPOCKAGHMeNOI

]6C KYKA00-] 6NAYCOMAI]TIN : AAA OMOOC

JCTATHC E6NHC

]N

Col. II.

[]CTIN Tl HAIAICKAPION A[[0] A 6TAIP0C OIOC- ANAT6TPA[[0]YA AN 06OON COOCBie NY[[C]0)C0YCIN : HN KATAA[

30 [N]YN OY neCONTA AACM[[A] NAN APIA TAP TOYTO f . [[ka]i npoTepoN erxe[i]pe[[M]H TON TYXONT 6[I]NAI- T[[. . .JHTPIAIOY TAP CYMnO[

35 6MB0YK0AHCAI ACTTO[T6CTIN N0)NHTOY- MM[AnAE nor h aic- tayta a[A60M6NA *PONTIAOC[[. .]OYC TIC ANTIC . [. .]6[

40 [errjAiNON cypwn h nA[AIACOOCTCON TON TPO*[IMON[CY]NTAHOMAI TAY0 HN[

[.]vlxcov CT*AN0YC0e- 6TOIMA[TO MHKOC 6= ArPOY M6[

45 ymin- nepAiNe mo[[6n]l0YMIA- KAI A6YP0 T[[n]A[i]AAPioN eni ton [AfOJNIOON TAP KAI A6A[MH TAYTO TTAAIN 0YT0[

50 AA6A*0C OIXHTAI T[.]T . [

5. The first letter of the line could be A or perhaps M.16. 16X61 might be read in place of J6A6I.19. AO could stand in place of the doubtful AC. *AC[I]N cannot be read, for though

there is hardly room for more than one letter in the lacuna, I would not fill it.

21. If our reading is correct, the N of ]YCIN must of course be struck out.


30. CM[ might be read as CX[, or 0N[, i.e. A 'HpdKXus.A. [k&v fir) Xeyrjs, tt]S>s avrbv ofoeiv rrpooSoKas

[rb wapavTiK,] r) rtvas X6yov? fiera, ravr kpuv ;

[ v crwcreu vv[v tr . B. dXX' Sficos

[o-]a>arovo-iv. A. etew KaraX[nra>v jx drroi\erai.

30 [v]vi> 011 ireaovra p\ do~)(a\Xav kvravQa XPV'[a\vav8pta yap rovrb y \dXXa. rrdv rroiiv[8c]l rrp&repov ey^e[t]pe[Tv 6\ awm vop.(o-ri y.k ns[fi]i) rby Tvy6vT e[T\vai r[

[avX]t]Tpi8wv yap o-vp.iro[riKov ^ _ w _

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 251-19.^. ' Will you say, I seduced a girl?' B. 'Great Heracles !'A. 'And though you do not say so, how do you think he will bear the present

situation, or what will he say afterwards? . . . and it now. turns out a disgrace to himthat he offered to make his daughter your wife. You might say that it was perhapswell, both for old friendship's sake and on account of what was then decided, to marryher. Nevertheless you chose this course. Good. Why then did you afterwards assumea different character, he has a right to know. You even had part of the dowry in advance.Is there any one of whom you stand in awe ?' B. ' Yes, myself.'

A. ' This is what they will say, " How frequently did he go to a house which belongsto none of his acquaintance, nor to any one with whom he had any need to consort.These secret practices ought not to have been." And you will win them over with manyarguments, of which you will be not at all ashamed; it is the opposite side which you willbe ashamed to take.'

26-34. A. 'There is a very pretty little girl; but her comrade ! he has come to grief,and not one of the gods even could save him now.' B. ' Oh yes, they will.' {Exit)

A. 'Well, he has gone off and left me. But I must not take my defeat to heart;that would be cowardice. I must first do all I can and leave nothing untried, for I wish tobe thought no ordinary man . . . '

XII redo. Chronological Work.

2ix55-5ot.

Six columns from a chronological work giving a list of the chief events inGreek, Roman, and Oriental history, dated by the Olympiads and archons atAthens. The portion preserved concerns the years 355-315 B.C. ; and the writernotes events of importance, not only in politics, but in literature and in connexionwith the Olympic games.

The roll containing this treatise has been cut down in order that the versoof it might be used for some accounts. There is therefore a lacuna at the topand bottom of each column, but not more -than a few lines have been lost ineither case. The accounts on the verso are written in a not very late third cen-tury cursive hand, so that the writing on the recto, which is in good-sizedsloping uncials, can hardly be later than about 250 A.D. Judging by its generalresemblance to the handwriting of the Plato fragment facsimiled in Plate VI, we

should not put it earlier than 200.

The date of composition can be fixed with tolerable precision. Though thedating is only by Olympiads and archons, and the consuls are not given, themention of events in Roman history, and particularly the reference to the VestalVirgins (III. 33-37), preclude an earlier date than B.C. 30; and considering

the date of the manuscript itself the terminus ad quern may be placed at theend of the second century. To that century we should be inclined to assign


the composition in its present form, though if, as is highly probable, it is a com-pendium of a larger work, that work may well have been written in the centurypreceding. The writing of chronologies and chronological compendia was muchin vogue during these two centuries, but the materials are too scanty to attempt

to trace the authorship of our fragment.

As in the case of the recently-discovered piece of the Parian Chronicle,which covers the period from 336 to 398 B.C., the information given by thepapyrus is rather meagre and frequently too indefinite to afford any new light.Alexander's Asiatic campaigns, for instance, are dismissed in four lines, though thewriter is somewhat more detailed when he comes to events which interest him,as for instance the invasion of Egypt. In its chronology of events relating toGreek history, the papyrus is generally in accord with the received chronologyuntil the period following the death of Alexander, when it embarks upona system of its own starting from 320-19 as the date of the Lamian war, andbecomes consistently irreconcilable. In its references to Persian and Romanaffairs, the dates are generally divergent from those commonly accepted. A fulldiscussion of the difficulties is too large a subject to be entered upon here, butthe points of agreement and difference between the papyrus and the receivedchronology are briefly stated in the notes.

The scribe, though he wrote a good hand, was very ignorant, witness theblunders in V. 6 and 13. These and some other mistakes have been correctedor marked by a different person, who has also added in some places paragraphiastops, iotas adscript, and a few notes, in a semi-cursive hand. Some of theparagraphi and stops are due to the original scribe.

Col. I. Col. II.

344355-4 [TOYT00N] KATA [TON AY 6NATH KAI

]KA[TOCTH[T6P0N 6]N CYPAKOYCAIC [AICON [6NIKA CTAAIOJN APICT[0]AYKOC[Yno AIO]NYCIOY TYPAN[NOY 6A0 [AOHNAIO]C- HPXON A A6HNHCI

354-3 [A]O*ONH0H- KATA A6 TON [TPI [AYKICKOC TTY]0OAOTOC COOCIP 5 r[NH]C NI[KO]MAXOC- TAYTrHTC i^S,

5 TON TIBOYT6INOI Y170 [PCOMAI ~86[WN] KATAnOAeMH6e[NT6C 6 KATA TO A[eY]T6P0N 6T[0e] AIONY 343-2[AYTOJYC ITAPeAOCAN OAYMTTI CIOC A6YT[6P]OC THC CIK6A[IAC]

352 [AAI 6B]AOMH[.] KAI KAT[OC]TH. TYPANNOC eKTTeCOON THC[6NIKA] CTAA[IO]N CMIKPI[NA]C APXHC KATenA6YC6N 6IC K[0]

10 [TAPeNTCINOC- HPXON A] A0H 10 PIN0ON KA[I] 6K6I KAT6M6IN6[NHCIN APICTOAHM]OC [G6]CCAA0C TPAMMATA AIAACKOON- KAT[A][ATTOAAOAtoPOC K]AAAIMAXOC- A6 TON T6TAPTON BArOOAC 34I_

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 27350-49 [TOYTOON KATA TON] TPITON e

[ ?KOC]MHTAI TTPCO15 [TON . . .] TOY A[P]OMOY HPGOHCAN

348 [OAYJMTTIAAI OTAOhU KAI CKA[TO]CTHI 6NIKA CTAAION TTOAY[KA]HC KYPHNAIOC- HPXON A A[6HJNHCI eeO*IAOC 86MICTO

20 [KA]HC APXIAC 6YBOYAOC- TAY348-7 [TH]C KATA TO 1TP0OTON 6T0C

[TTAA]TO)N *IAOCOOC M[thaaa]n kai cneYCinnoc[TH]N CXOAHN AI6A6HATO []

347-6 25 [KATA A]6 TON A6YTCPON l[AinnOC] A[ ]AZI[. . .

6YN0YX0C 00XON TON BACIACA TO)N TT6PC00N AOAO*ONH

15 CAC TON N600TATON AYTOY TOONYiCON APCHN KATGCTHCe BACIA6A AYTOC FTANTA AIOIKOON'

'OAYMniAAl AGKATHi KAI 6KATOCTI-U CNIKA CTAAION AN

20 [T]IKAHC AOHNAIOC- HPXO[N] A A[0]HNHCI 660[*PACT0]C [AYCIMAXIAHC XAIP0O[NAAC *P]YNIXOCTOYTOON KA[TA TON TTPJCOTON[CA]YN6ITAI [PCOMA]j[OI]C TT[AP]6

25 [TA]EANTO- K[ATA A]e TON [A]6Y[T6]PON AATl[NOI 6TTi TOY]C POO[M]AIOYC CYN[CTANT6C 6]neBHCAN - KATA A[6 TO]N [TPJITON *l[Ain]n[0]C T0O[N M]AK6AON00N

30 [BACI]AYC TH[N] N XAIPOONIAt eniANCTATHN MAXHN[A6JHNAI0YC KAI B(OI)00TOYC 6NI[KH]CN CYMMAXOYNTOC AY[TOO T]OY Yfl'OY] AA6EANAP0Y

35 [KAI AP]ICTYC[A]NTOC T0T6[KAI l]COKPAT[H]C PHTOOP A[neOA]NN- n[PI] CNCNHKON[TA CTH B 1 00 CAC]

34

340-39

339-8

338-7

Col. III. Col. IV.

337-6

T[0OAC 6]YN0Y[X0]C AP[CHN]T0[N BA]CIA6A TOON TTePC[00]NAn6K[T6]IN6N CYN T[0]IC AA6A*0[l]C- K[A]I AAPCION T[0]N APCA

5 MOY BACIAIKOY r[N]OYC ONTABACIA6A ANTI TOY APCOY KAT6[C]THC6- T0T6 KAI POOMAIOI171 AAT6IN0YC 6CTPAT6YCAN-KATA A TON T6TAPT0N TO KOI

10 NON TOON 6AAHNG0N CYN6AG0NT6C


336 FTIAAI MIAI KM 6KAT0CTHi15 AKATH ( 6NIKA CTAAION

KAI

336-5

KAeOM|[e]]N|[H]|C KA6IT0PI0C-/CN6IKA CTAAION KA60MAN)VTIC KA6IT0PI0C) HPXON A A0HNHCI TTY[0OA]HAOC 6YAIN6

20 [TO]C KTH[CIKA]H[C] NIKOKPA[T]HC- TOYT00[N] KATA TON TTPOOTON 'MAITTITOC TOON MAK6AON[00N] BACIAG[Y]C ANHP60H Yn[0 n]AYCANIOY [6]

25 NOC TOON AOPY*OP0ON K[AI]AI6A6EATO AYTON Yl'OCAA6EANAPOC- OC TTAPAAABOON THN APXHN nPOOTON M6NIAAYPIOYC KAI TTAIONAC KAI AA

30 AA BAPBAPA CONH ATTOCTANTAex[6]iPO)CATo- eneiTA ghbacAO[PI]AA(jOTOYC AABOON KAT6CKAY6N- 6N AC POOMH, Al THC6CTIAC |'6PIA[I] TTAP[0e]NOI

35 CMJOYC[A]| AIA BIOY KATHTOPH[0HCA]N 00C e*6APM6NAI KAI[ ]A CA[. .]Y=[

CYMMAXOON ATTKTeiNN-15 KAI AIXMAA00TOYC nO[A]AOYC

6AAB6N [KAI A6IAN TfO]AAHN-TOT6 K[AI AA6EANAP]0C MOAOCCOC [6IC ITAAIAN AI]BHBOHGHCOO[N TOIC 6K6I] 6A

20 AH CI- KATA A6 [TON T6]T[A]PTON P[OOJMAIOI [ ]NOYCCnOIHCANTO TT[TOOMH . . [*OYM6N[ OAYMniA

25/b\

KATOC[TH A0OA6KATH 6NIKA CTA[AION TPYAAOC XAAKIA6YC [HPXON A AOHNHCINIKH[THC] APICTO[4>AN]HC APITC]TO[00]N KH*IC[O]*00N- TAY

30 TH[C KAT]A TO TTPOOTON 6TOC[AA6E]A[N]APOC IAITTlTOY TYPON 6IAGN- KAI AITYTTTON nAP6AAB8 IKJ CKOYCI00C AYTONnPOCACEAMCNOON TOON

35 cnxoopioo[n ajia to npoc nepCAC 6X0PON [TO]TC KAI 6K6AGY[CN ....

333"

332

332-1

Col. V. Col. VI.

33i-o?

330-29

CniKMIOC. [.]ANA . A I . .

AN6BH 6IC AMM00NOC KAICN TH ANABAC6I J7APAITONI

itoXlv'

ON KTIZ6I KATA A6 TON TPITON5 MAXH TTAAIN CYN6CTH KATA

P XAB|[A]]H|[PJA AACEANAPOY nPOC AAP6ION- HN 6NeiKHC6N AA6HANAPOC- TOTC KAI GAOAOONHOH AAP6IOC YTTO TOON

10 IAI00N *IA00N KAI H TT6PCC0NAPXH KAT6AY6H AIAMCINACA ATTO TOY CYCTHCANTOC AY

3 THN KYPOY 6TH TPIAKONTA

N6IKA|[I]1 OAYMniA[AI 6KATOCTH/fTNTeKAIAKAT[H CNCIKACTAAION AAMACIAC [AMI170AITHC HPXON A A0H[NHCI NC

5 AIXMOC ATTOAAOA0O[POC APxinnoc AHMoreNH[c- toyTOON KATA TON TTP[OOTON ANTinATPOC AIAAHA[M6NOCTHN 6N MAK6AONI[A BACIA6I

10 AN 6N AAM6IA TTAP[ATAEAM6NOC TOIC 6AAHCI K[ATCnOA6MHC6N AYTOYC- [P00MAIOIAC TTAPATAEAM6[N0I TOIC CAYN6ITAIC HTTH[OHCAN- KATA

320

320-19

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 29

328-4

3?4

328 TP|A- OAYMniAAl 6KAT0CTHI5^TPICKAIA6KATH KPITCON

MAK6AC0N CNIKA CTAAION3 HPXON A A6HNHCI 6YOYKPITOC HTHMOON XP6MHC- 6NTAYTH TH OAYMniAAl en I

20 TeCCAPA CTH AA6HANAPOCtac AoinAC nPAzeic AienpA[HA]TO TA 6N TH ACIA 60NH[Xei]P0YMN0C- 0[A]YMn[l]AAI[ejKATOCTH! TeCCAP6CKAIA6

25 KATH* 6NIKA CTAAION MlKINAC POA[l]OC HPX[0]N A [A0]HNHCIN HTHCIAC KH[*IC]0*0)_N 4>IA0KAH[C] A[PXI]nnOCTAYTHC KATA [T]0 nPCOTON

30 6T0C AACEANAPOC BAC[I]A6YCM6TH[A]AAE APHAC 6[T]H.A6KA TPIA BIOOCAC AC

TH TPIAKONTA TPIA- KATA A6 TONA6YT6P0N nTOAMAIOC-0 AA

35 toy eic aityttton neM*oeicHP6 TH[C X]0)PAC- KA[T]A ACTO T[

(b)

324-3

323-2

Fragments

(a)

ANOP[AirYnfTATOPH[TOY 0[

5 P0)[TO)[M[

15 A6 TON A6YT6PON A[NTinATPOC 6IC ACIAN AIA[BAC . . .nePAIKKA TON A6YT[6PON AlAM6PICMON TOIC AI[AAXOM6N0IC AA6HANAP[ON enOI

V co iraXiv IlTo\ejAat[os-nv

j- HC6 N- KATA A6 TON [TPITON21 P03MAIOI nAPATAE[AM6

NOI CAYNCITAICNI[KHCAN

KAI TOYC AIXMAAO)T[OYC nANTAC AYTOON 8N THi nP[OT

25 PA MAXH AnCAABON [ OAYM/T1IAAI CKATOCTHi 6KK[AIA8KATHi 6NIKA CTAAION [AHMOCG6NHC AAK00[N HPXON A A0HNHCI AHM0K[A6IAHC nPA

30 HIBOYAOC NIK[OA00POC 06OAGOPOC T[OYTG)N KATA TONnPCOTON [ANTinATPOC 6T6A6YTHC[N KAI TA nPArMATA AI6A[6AT0 nOAYnCP

35 XOON KA[

319-

]?OPI[]poene[

W]CA[]NAC[]CH[

3 1 8-7

3i6

316-5

I. 1-7. 'In the archonshipof the second (f) of these (Callistratus, 355-4), at Syracuse,Dion (?) was murdered by Dionysius the tyrant. In the archonship of the third (Diotimus,354-3) the Tiburlines were reduced by the Romans to submission.'

The proposed restoration of the first two lines is very uncertain. Line 4, if morethan three letters are lost after TON, must have extended beyond the ordinary limit.The width of the lines is however fairly regular, and so [T6TAP is not at all likely.The preceding lines, therefore, must refer to the first or second archonship of this


Olympiad. If KATA in 1. i refers, as is probable, to the archon, then A6Y|T6P0N ismuch more likely than TTP00TON, tince the only possible divisions, TON| TTPCOTON orTON riPCO|TON, do not suit the size of the lacunae in 11. i and 2. But the real difficultyconcerns the name of the person who, according to the papyrus, was murdered at Syracuseby Dionysius, probably in the year 355-4. According to Diodorus xvi. 17 and PlutarchDion c. 37, Dionysius was expelled from Syracuse in the summer of 356. Does thepapyrus imply that Dionysius was still at Syracuse in 355-4? We should reply in thenegative. Dionysius' second expulsion is mentioned in II. 6 sqq., and since there is nomention of his first expulsion in the papyrus, if we were to refer this event in 355-4 tothe period preceding his first expulsion, we should have to suppose that neither hisfirst expulsion nor the death of Dion were recorded in the papyrus. We should, moreover,be confronted with the difficulty of finding a name to suit the end of 1. 2, and the seriousdivergence from the received chronology of Dionysius. It is much more probable thatthe writer of the papyrus placed Dionysius' first expulsion, whether he recorded it ornot, in the period before 355-4, and meant that the assassination took place during hisexile, but at his instigation. Now by far the most eminent person who was assassinated atSyracuse about 355-4 was of course Dion, and as his name just suits the lacuna wehave placed it in the text. It is true that Diodorus (xvi. 31), states that he was murderedfV! apxovros Awrifiov, i. e. in 354-3 ; but this divergence between the papyrus and Diodorusonly amounts to one year, and need cause no special difficulty. A more serious objectionto our hypothesis is the fact that the murder of Dion is always attributed to Callippus,and Dionysius is not known to have been in any way concerned in it. But on theother hand it is not recorded that Dionysius assassinated any one of eminence at thisperiod, and since he ultimately regained his throne owing to the death of Dion, the storyof his responsibility for that event is not unnatural.

4-7. On the date of the submission of the Tiburtines cf. Livy vii. 19, who also placesit in the year 354 b. c.

7-15. 'In the 107th Olympiad Smicrinas of Tarentum won the foot-race. Thearchons at Athens were Aristodemus, Thessalus, Apollodorus, Callimachus. In thearchonship of Apollodorus (350-49) . . . .'

9. Either CTAA[IO]N CMIKPI[N]AC or CTAA[l]ON MIKPI[NA]C can be read. Diodorusxvi. 37 gives the name as Smicrinas; Africanus ap. Euseb. 'EXX.

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 3111-17- 'In the archonship of Nicomachus (341-0) Bagoas the eunuch murdered

Ochus, king of Persia, and set Ochus' youngest son, Arses, upon the throne, retainingall the power in his own hands.' The dating of Persian events in the papyrus(cf. III. 1-7, the accession of Darius Codomannus in 338-7) differs somewhat widelyfrom the received chronology. The Ptolemaic Canon places Arses' accession betweenNov. 15, 338, and Nov. ig, 337, and Darius' accession between Nov. 15, 336, andNov

-

I 5, 335- This is confirmed both by Arrian ii. 142, who quotes the substanceof a letter irom Darius to Alexander implying that the expedition of Philip in 336 wasto be directed against Arses, and, to some extent, by Diodorus, who states (xvii. g, 6)that Arses was killed in the third year of his reign, and that Darius succeeded him' about the time at which Alexander succeeded Philip.' A few lines later, however(xvii. 7), Diodorus speaks of Darius' accession as having taken place before the deathof Philip in the summer of 336, so that there is a contradiction, though not a veryserious one, between Diodorus and the Ptolemaic Canon. But the papyrus goes farbeyond the view of Diodorus that Philip and Darius were for a time contemporaryrulers

; for by putting the accession of Darius in the same year as the battle of Chaeronea,it makes the period during which Philip's reign overlapped that of Darius as much astwo years. With regard to the length of Arses' reign, the papyrus is consistent withDiodorus and the Canon. But in the dates which it assigns to the accessions of Arsesand Darius there is a divergence frorrf both these authorities of two, if not three, years.A further discrepancy between Diodorus and the papyrus occurs in III. 3, where thebrothers of Arses are said to have been put to death along with him. Diodorus xvii. gstates that they were put to death on the accession of Arses.

18-28. 'In the noth Oljmpiad Anticles of Athens won the foot-race. The archonsat Athens were Theophrastus, Lysimachides, Chaerondas, Phrynichus. In the archonshipof Theophrastus (340-39) the Samnites fought against the Romans. In the archonshipof Lysimachides (339-8) the Latins united in revolt (?) against the Romans and attackedthem.'

23. It is unfortunate that most of the notices of Roman history are either rathervague or more or less mutilated. The war between the Romans and Samnites referredto in the present passage must be the First Samnite War,which according to Livy (vii. 29-31)began in 343 and ended in 341. The battle apparently referred to here was probablythat at Mount Gaurus or at Suessula, both of which Livy places in the first year ofthe war. There may thus be a discrepancy of two or three years between the papyrusand Livy.

2g. The Latin revolt took place according to Livy viii. 3 in 340, after peace hadbeen concluded with the Samnites ; but his account of events in this period is of verydoubtful value. The papyrus brings the date of the Latin rebellion closer to the Samnitewar, and places it a year later than Livy, according to whom (viii. 1 1) the principal battletook place at Trifanum in the consulship of T. Manlius Torquatus and P. Decius Mus(340). This is perhaps the event referred to the year 338-7 by the papyrus in III. 7-8.Diodorus xvi. 90 places the battle in the same consulship as Livy, corresponding, onhis reckoning, to the archonship of Phrynichus (337-6). Livy tells us that the wardragged on for two years after the battle of Trifanum, the Latin states being subduedgradually.

Between 338 and the Second Samnite War, the papyrus notes a scandal concerningthe Vestal Virgins (III. 33-37) in 3365 (again a year in advance of Livy's date), theexpedition of Alexander the Molossian (IV. 17-20), which it places six years later thanLivy, and some event occurring in 333-2, the nature of which is obscure owing to thelacunae. In the references to the Second Samnite War (VI. 12-14, 2I ~ 2 S) 'he papyrus


is as usual one or two years in advance of Livy. How far the apparent divergencesin the dales of individual events between the writer of the papyrus and Livy are dueto the former really placing the events in different years, how far to some flaw in hissystem of synchronizing Roman with Greek events, must remain uncertain, since we knowneither what were the sources of these references in the papyrus to Roman history, norwhether they were based, like Livy's, on the system of dating by consuls. We canhowever, by comparing the intervals between the different events of the series recorded byboth the writer of the papyrus and Livy, gauge to some extent the difference between theirviews of Roman chronology. The interval between the First Samnite War and the Latinrevolt is only one year according to the papyrus, while according to Livy it is three.With regard however to the intervals between the Latin revolt and the scandal concerningthe Vestals, and between that event and the Second Samnite War, the papyrus is inagreement with Livy. It is in reference to the date assigned to the expedition ofAlexander the Molossian that there is the clearest divergence.

II. 28 III. 8. 'In the archonship of Chaerondas (338-7) Philip king of Macedondefeated the Athenians and Boeotians in the famous battle of Chaeronea, being assistedby his son Alexander who greatly distinguished himself. In the same year Isocratesthe orator died aged about ninety . . . years Bagoas the eunuch killed Arsesking of Persia together with his brothers, and set Darius son of Arsamus, of the royalhouse, on the throne in his place. In the same year the Romans took the field againstthe Latins.'

28-37. The dates assigned by the papyrus to the battle of Chaeronea and thedeath of Isocrates are the usual ones. Thebes and Athens supplied the principal con-tingents to the Greek army, but other states, e.g. the Phocians and Achaeans, wererepresented.

36. Cicero Senec. 5. and Dionysius p. 537 slate that Isocrates was ninety-eightwhen he died. The writer of the papyrus appears to have been uncertain as to hisexact age.

III. 1-7. Cf. note on II. 11-17. In line 1 the supplement BA]f[nAC 6] barelyfills the lacuna.

7-8. Cf. note on II. 25.9-13. 'In the archonship of Phrynichus (337-6) an assembly of the Hellenic con-

federacy appointed Philip general with absolute powers to carry on the war againstPersia.'

This date agrees with Diodorus xvi. 89.

III. 13IV. 1. 'In the 1 nth Olympiad Cleomantis of Clitor won the foot-race.The archons at Athens were Pythodelus, Euaenetus, Clesicles, Nicocrates. In the archon-ship of Pythodelus (336-5) Philip king of Macedon was assassinated by Pausanias, oneof his bodyguard, and was succeeded by his son Alexander. He on his accession firstsubdued the Illyrians, Paeonians, and other foreign tribes which had revolted. Afterwardshe captured Thebes by assault and razed it. At Rome the priestesses of Vesta beingperpetual virgins were accused of inchastity and . . . .'

21. On the date of Philip's death cf. Diod. xvi. 9r, and Arrian i. 1. From this pointwe have also the testimony of the newly-discovered fragment of the Parian Chronicle{Alhen. Mittheil. xxii. 1), which gives a chronological epitome much resembling that of thepapyrus.

29. The expedition against the Illyrians and Paeonians took place in the spring ofthe archonship of Pythodelus (335) according to Arrian i. 1. While Alexander was engagedin this war Thebes revolted, and was captured about the time of the Mysteries at Athens

NEJV CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 33(Arrian i. 10, 2, Plutarch Alex. 13), i.e. in October, 335, at the beginning of [he archon-ship of Euaenetus, not in that of Pythodelus. The Parian Chronicle assigns both theexpedition and the capture of Thebes to the year of Euaenetus.

33- This no doubt refers to the scandal recorded by Livy viii. 15, who however placesit in the year 337, and states that only one Vestal was concerned.

IV. 1-7. 'In the archonship of Euaenetus (335-4) Alexander king of Macedoncrossed over into Asia and defeated the generals of Darius king of Persia in the battle ofthe Granicus.'

According to Plutarch Cam. 10 the battle of the Granicus took place in Thargelion(May), i. e. at the end of Euaenetus' archonship. The Parian Chronicle puts it in that ofCtesicles.

8-20.I

In the archonship of Ctesicles (334-3) the same Alexander fought a battleagainst Darius at Issus in Cilicia and again defeated him, slaying many thousands of thePersians and their allies, and taking many prisoners and much spoil. In the same yearAlexander the Molossian crossed over to Italy to help the Greeks in that country.'

8. According to Arrian xi. n the battle of Issus was fought in Maimacterion (Novem-ber) in the archonship following that of Ctesicles, and Diod. xvii. 33 also places it inthe archonship of Nicocrates. The Parian Chronicle however agrees with the papyrus.

17. Justin (xii. 1, 2) places the end of the expedition of Alexander the Molossian andhis death about the same period as the final conquest of Darius, the news of the failure ofthe expedition reaching Alexander in Parthia simultaneously with that of the deathof Agis. Justin does not state for how many years Alexander the Molossian had been inItaly, but from his account we should not infer that the period was a long one. Livyhowever (viii. 3, 24) says that the expedition to Italy occurred in 340, and its leader'sdeath in 326, which last event he synchronizes with the foundation of Alexandria. Thepapyrus thus differs from the chronology of Livy by six years as to the sailing of theexpedition, though it can be reconciled with the chronology of Justin.

20-24. Cf. note on II. 25.24-36. ' In the 1 12th Olympiad (Gryllus) ofChalcis won the foot-race. The archons

at Athens were Nicetes, Aristophanes, Aristophon, Cephisophon. In the first year of thisOlympiad (332-1) Alexander the son of Philip captured Tyre, and took over Egypt, beingwelcomed by the inhabitants owing to their hatred of the Persians. In the same yearAlexander ordered (the building of Alexandria ?)....'

The capture of Tyre took place, according to Arrian xi. 24, 6, in Hecatombaeon(July), at the beginning of Nicetes' archonship, and the invasion of Egypt followed in theautumn. With this chronology the papyrus is in agreement. The Parian Chroniclehowever places the conquest of Phoenicia and Egypt in the archonship of Nicocrates(333-2), though it assigns the foundation of Alexandria to the archonship of Nicetes.

V. 1-4. '. . . . Alexander went to the temple of Ammon and on the way thither foundedthe city of Paraetonium.'

1. Owing to the lacuna it is not certain to which of the two years 332-1 or 331-0 thewriter assigned the expedition to the oasis of Ammon. Arrian iii. 3-6 places it in thewinter of 332-1, and says that Alexander returned to Phoenicia at the beginning of spring.If the papyrus is still in agreement with Arrian and the expedition to the oasis was placedin the archonship of Nicetes, there are no events recorded during the archonship of Aris-tophanes (331-0). The Parian Chronicle also passes over that archonship withoutcomment. But in the date which it assigns to the battle of Arbela (see below) the papyrusis a year in advance of Arrian, so that it is by no means impossible that it assigned theexpedition to the oasis to the year 331-0.

D

34 THE OXYKTIYNCHUS PAPYRI

y Arrian, who states (v. 3, 3) that Alexander marched along the coast as far asParaetonium and then turned inland, says nothing to imply that Alexander founded orre-founded Paraetonium.

4-14. 'In the archonship of Aristophon (330-29) another battle took place at Arbelabetween Alexander and Darius, in which Alexander was victorious. In the same yearDarius was murdered by his own friends and the Persian empire came to an end, havinglasted 33 (sic) years since its foundation by Cyrus.'

4. The date of the battle of Arbela is fixed by an eclipse of the moon which tookplace on Sep. 20, 331, a few days before the battle. Arrian (iii. 15, 7) and Plutarch(Alex. 31) disagree as to the date in the Attic calendar on which the engagement wasfought, but Arrian correctly states that it was in the archonship of Aristophanes. Thepapyrus therefore is a year too late in its date. The Parian Chronicle on the other hand isa year too early, placing the battle in the archonship of Nicetes (332-1).

9. In its date for the assassination of Darius the papyrus agrees with both Arrian iii.22. 2 and the Parian Chronicle.

13. The corrector by inserting a critical mark against this line called attention to theblunder in the figures, as he also did in 1 7 to the omission of the fourth archon. A verysimilar critical sign marks an omission in the Thucydides papyrus (xvi. III. 3). In thepresent case it does not appear that the corrector added a note, since there is no referenceto the margin as there was in II. 5. Reckoning from Olympiad 55. 1, the traditional dateof Cyrus' accession, to the present year, the interval is 230 years. One theory for thenumber given in the text, 33, would be to suppose that 200 had dropped out and the number33 for 30 was either intentional or due to a confusion with the 33 years which in line 32are stated to be the years of Alexander's age. But we are more inclined to think that thewhole number 33 here is due to the influence of the coming passage about Alexander,and that it is therefore useless to conjecture what the original number may have been.

14-23. 'In the 113th Olympiad Criton, a Macedonian, won the foot-race. Thearchons at Athens were Euthycritus, Hegemon, Chremes. In this Olympiad during fouryears Alexander performed his other exploits, conquering the Asiatic tribes.'

15. Africanus ap. Euseb. 'EXX. oX. 42 calls the Olympic victor Cliton.17. The critical mark at the side (cf. note on 13) denotes the omission of the archon

for 325-4, Anticles. There was much confusion in antiquity about the archons of the113th and 114th Olympiads. Diodorus omits Hegemon, Archippus, and Neaechmus,and between Anticles and Hegesias inserts another archon, Sosicles. Dionysius, whose listis more complete, omits Hegesias.

23-33. '1 tne 114th Olympiad Micinas of Rhodes won the foot-race. The archonsat Athens were Hegesias, Cephisophon, Philocles, Archippus. In the first year of thisOlympiad (324-3) king Alexander died, having reigned 13 years, and lived 33 years.'

27. The name of the second archon should be Cephisodorus. Cf. VI. 30, where(The)odorus is found in place of Theophrastus. The names of the archons, and especiallytheir terminations, are subject to frequent variations.

Alexander's death took place on Daisius 28, 323 (Wilcken, Philol. 1894, p. 120 ff.).The length of his life and reign are given more precisely than in the papyrus by Arrian(vii. 28) on the authority of Aristobulus as 32 years 8 months, and 12 years 8 months.

33-36. 'In the archonship of Cephisophon (323-2) Ptolemy the son of Lagus wassent to Egypt and made himself ruler of the country.'

34. Cf. line 8 of the Parian Chronicle which places Ptolemy's mpUva-is Afywn-ou in thesame year as the death of Alexander, namely the archonship of Hegemon, but less cor-rectly, since the death of Alexander took place at the end of Hegemon's year. As in theParian Chronicle, Ptolemy is the only satrap mentioned by the papyrus in connexion with

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 35the first division of Alexander's empire. Cf. also Lhe use of lUTrjKhafc in 31 wilh the wordlieraXKayii used in the Parian Chronicle for the death of Alexander.

VI. 1-14. 'In the 115th Olympiad Damasias of Amphipolis won the foot-race. Thearchons at Athens were Neaechmus, Apollodorus, Archippus, Demogenes. In the archon-ship of Neaechmus (320-19) Antipater having succeeded to the kingdom of Macedoniafought against the Greeks at Lamia and vanquished them. The Romans fought againstthe Samnites and were defeated.'

7. The differences which we have hitherto noted between the statements of the papyrusand the received chronology are trifling compared with the divergence in its account of eventsin Greek history from 323 to 316. While the intervals between the Lamian war, the divisionof the empire at Triparadeisus, and the death of Antipater, correspond sufficiently well withthe intervals between these events in the chronology of this period, so far as it can be madeout from the Parian Chronicle, Diodorus, and Plutarch, the series in the papyrus startswith a date three years later than that given by these authorities to the Lamian war. Butamid the many doubtful points in the chronology of events succeeding the death ofAlexander, the date of the Lamian war is one of the few which admit of no question. Itfollowed immediately upon the death of Alexander, occupying the winter of 323 and sprintof 322. In the date of its starting-point therefore the papyrus has gone considerablyastray. Possibly the occurrence of two archons named Archippus, one in 325-4, the otherin 318-7, may have led to a confusion; possibly the ordinary chronology of the Greekevents has been altered to suit the writer's chronology of events in Italy, which are twicereferred to by the papyrus between 320 and 316. But conjectures are of little use, for atthe year 316-5 the papyrus breaks off, and we are left in ignorance of the point at whichthe writer brought back his chronology into the ordinary channel.

10. The reference to the Lamian war is somewhat loosely worded. Antipater defeatedthe Greeks at the battle of Crannon, which is considerably to the north of Lamia, where hehad been besieged. Polybius however (ix. 29, 2) speaks of this battle as 17 nepi Aaplav fiaxn-

\2. This must refer to the surrender of the Roman army at the Caudine Forks; cf.20-25, where the recovery of the prisoners is recorded. Livy ix. 1-7 places the surrenderin 321, the year before the date assigned to it by the papyrus. Cf. note on II. 25.

15-20. 'In the archonship of Apollodorus (3r9-8) Antipater, having crossed over into

Asia (to attack ?) Perdiccas, made the second division of the empire among Alexander'ssuccessors, (in which division Ptolemy again took part ' added by the corrector, who putsa critical mark at the side).

15. The crossing over of Antipater and Craterus into Asia is placed in the springof 321 (Droysen. Hetten. ii. J15, Niese i. 119) in the archonship of Philocles, the deaths ofCraterus and Perdiccas took place in the summer, if we are to believe Plut. Eumen. 6, andthe division of the empire at Triparadeisus followed at the beginning of the next archonship(Archippus 321-0). The Parian Chronicle however places the invasion of Asia and thedeath of Craterus in the year of Archippus. In the date given to the invasion of Asia byAntipater and Craterus the papyrus is three years ahead of the received chonology, and twoyears ahead of the Parian Chronicle. With regard to the division at Triparadeisus thepapyrus is only two years ahead of the received chronology.

17. The case of nep&'/cra is a difficulty. We should expect tW or npos with the accusa-tive, if it is to be taken in connexion with 8ia/3av, and it is hard to see how Perdiccas can beconnected with the division at Triparadeisus, which took place after his death. PerhapsCYN should be supplied in 16, and Perdiccas considered a mistake for Craterus.

20. The insertion of Ptolemy's part in the division by the corrector is noteworthy.Cf. V. 34, note.

20-25. 'In the archonship of Archippus (318-7) the Romans fought against the


Samnites and proved victorious, recovering all the prisoners who had been captured in theprevious battle.'

20. Cf. Livy ix. 13, who places the recovery of the prisoners in 320, the year after thebatttle of the Caudine Forks. The papyrus makes the interval two years, and is thereforetwo years in advance of Livy in its elate for the recovery of the prisoners. But cf. note onII. 25-

2 G35-

' in lnc n6th Olympiad (Demos)thenes the Laconian won the foot-race.The archons at Athens were Democlides, Praxibulus, Nicodorus, (The)odorus. In thearchonship of Democlides (316-5) (Antipater) died, and was succeeded in the governmentby (Polyper)chon . . . .

'

27. The name of the winner was Deinomenes according to Diodorus xix. 17. Afri-canus however (ap. Euseb. 'EXX. oX. 42) calls him Demosthenes.

30. The name of the third archon was Theophrastus according to Diodorus xix. 73and Dionys. Hal. Dinarch. p. 650.

32-33. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to fill up the lacunae on the suppositionthat the writer has in this Olympiad reverted to the ordinary chronology. Of theprominent persons who died about 316-5, Eumenes, Olympias and Xenocrates, none aresuitable. On the other hand, if we suppose that the writer is still three years ahead of theordinary chronology, which places the death of Antipater in 319, the restoration is easy.KA[ in 35 is very likely the beginning of KA[CCANPO.

XIII. Letter to a King of Macedon.8-7 x 7-1 cm.

Fragment of a letter written to a king of Macedon, attacking the conductof the Thebans. From the manner in which Philip is mentioned in line 12 andthe reference to ' the dynasty of your kraipoi ' the letter would seem to have beenaddressed to Antigonus or his son Demetrius Polidrcetes. Since Antigonus hadbeen the fraipos of Philip and Alexander, they might be called his kraipoi afterhe had become king himself. Thebes had been restored by Cassander, theenemy of Antigonus, so there was much to be said about their offences againstttjv

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 375 CO)N CTAIPOON TTAPCNOfMH rTATCPA TON


Twu lines lost.17 ]A6N[

]NI[

]eeic[20

I. 0Y[

2-3. v. Horn. //. vi. 234 sqq. m(j)\is\ cf. Horn. /. c. rjipivis ee\cro Zeis. It would bejust possible to read 6T7eiC0[H in place of 61761 re, but there are not traces of more thantwo letters after I, and these suit T6 better than C0.

4. The last letter before the lacuna might perhaps be r.7. OKPY06IN : the neuter termination -uv for -/ is found e.g. in Apollon. Rhod. ii. 404

aXcror re a/uoetv; cf. iv. 1291, Hdn. ii. 275.9. KY0Hr6N6OC : the word is otherwise only known from Hesychius, s. v., KvBijytveai,

Kpvcpoyepeat,

10. CAPGONIAAC : 'old hollow oaks,' cf. Callim. H. inlov. 22, Nicaen. ap. Parthen. 11.2.14. The vestiges before K would suit PI or CI.

XV. Epigrams.

9'2 x 15-7 cm.

Parts of two columns form a collection of aiSAeij^oi or songs for the flute. Thepapyrus, which is complete at the bottom, is broken along the top, but there isa space left above the first two lines which probably therefore formed a com-plete epigram, though in what metre is uncertain. The other poems consist- offour lines, and, so far as can be judged, are written in a metre which only variesfrom the hexameter in having an iambus in the sixth foot in place of a spondee.This metre is found in late poets, e.g. Lucian Tragopodagra 311 sqq. Thesubject of the fourth stanza seems to be the power of music, that of the fifth theinstability of wealth as contrasted with virtue.

The av\e.Lfj.oi are written on the recto in a somewhat irregular sloping uncialof the third century. The verso contains six lines of accounts in a third centurycursive hand.

Col. I. Col. II.

]CTATON . [ XAIPOYCIN []TON ANAN0M6[ TTOIMHNAI[

KAI TAYPOON A[f6]AAC []oyci xioNec epnei a 6k myxaaoon ooaaic a[]on a YnepexeiN 5 aya6imoi

5 ]N HCYXON APHC THIZ6l TIC A6I TA XPHMA[T]A MH I7[]YC OYT6 N6M6C6I 0YA6IC THIZ6l TO KAKO)[

NEW CLASSICAL FRAGMENTS 39XPHMATA TAP KAIPOC T6 P6l KA[I

]l M6 NOMOI 6YP6IN A OY AYNAMAI THN CHN[]ACMATA AYPAI 10 AY[A6IMOIA]6NAPON

KOMA 00 *IAOI MPO[n]C CYN[10 ]6AAMBAN N6A 3 A6YT6 TPY(ON ANOMOY[

TOIC *YCIKOIC XPHCAC[TAC TTPOOTAC KY[. .]AAC 6[

15 [AY]AIM[OI

I. 2. The letter transcribed as M may be 17. If the metre of this couplet is the sameas that of the other stanzas, the first A must be long.

II. 4. MYXAA00N : probably for fivxarav or fiuxa'W. For the latter word cf. G. P. II.vi. I, 7 pvx

4 THE OXYRIIYNCIIUS PAPYRI

the Arch. Report and in articles by Rlass {JAtcrarisches Ccutralblatt, Nov. 13,1 897),van Lccuwcn [Mnemosyne xxvi), and Steup [Rhein. Museum f. Philol. liii. 2).

The fragment contains the greater part of three columns, consisting of fromfifty to fifty-two lines each. The hand is a small, rather irregular uncial, of adecidedly early type; it may be probably assigned to the first century A.D.Other marks of age, apart from the formation of the hand-

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