Oxford Instruments Nanoscience Overview · 2018. 11. 21. · Noise thermometry. Quantum sensors...

© Oxford Instruments 2017

The Business of Science®

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Oxford Instruments NanoscienceOverview

Ziad MelhemOxford Instruments Nanoscience, Tubney Woods, Oxford, UK

MT25, Amsterdam,31 Aug 2017Thu-Mo-Or29 / 772



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• Overview• Engagement with Quantum • Case studies

1. Quantum resistance measurement system 2. Quantum sensor system3. Quantum information processing4. Condensed matter

• Summary

Outline



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• The most defining technologies of the twentieth century were underpinned by our understanding of quantum mechanics.

• The semiconductor and the laser have become under-pinning ‘platform’ technologies that have enabled innumerable systems and products that have changed our lives.

• The next generation of 21st century ‘quantum technologies’ will exploit & harness our understanding & control of subtle quantum mechanical effects, enabling brand new capabilities & leading to• Next manufacturing revolution at the nanoscale

Quantum technologiesimpact society

Quantum timing & Atomic clocks

<5 yrs)• Precision timing• Ultra precise clocks• Chip scale devices

Quantum Comms (>5 yrs)

• Quantum networks• distribution(QKD)

systems

Quantum Sensing (>5 yrs)

• Electromagnetic sensors

• SQUIDS

Quantum Computing

(>10 yrs)• Quantum computing• Quantum materials



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Case study 1Quantum resistance measurementsGraphene for Standard Measurements and 2D

Materials characterisations

OI: Ziad Melhem, Rod Bateman, Roman VIZNICHENKONPL: JT Jansen, A Tzalenchuk, S Rozhko , NGI V Falko

• InnovateUK Grant• Graphene Flagship Grant (EU)



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The challenge

1.5-300 K < 10 mK

8-22 T Up to 16 T

The primary standard for resistance is based on the quantum Hall effect (QHE)• Existing platforms use liquid Helium sub 1 Kelvin

and require high field > 14 Tesla. • Expensive-National facilities• Large footprint • Require extensive additional

services to operate.



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Solution: Graphene enabled platform for QHE measurements (Std R & 2D characterisation !)

Current Future

• A cryogen-free QHE system based on graphene, • Compact cryogen-free environment which operates at 4k and 5T.

• Characterise the measurement system in an industrial environment.• Magneto transport testing to determine the breakdown current at the factory



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Results from a 5T Cryofree SC Magnet for table top Quantum Hall System at NPL

Table-top quantum Hall system at NPL1st Stage (40-75K)

2nd Stage (<4K)

Cooling

~4 hr

10-30min to field

PTR on, cold – vertical displacement spectrum

Spectrum dominated by PTR fundamental at 1.4Hz10 100 10001E-10

1E-9

1E-8

1E-7

1E-6

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

Vol

tage

(V)

Current (µA)

V1-6, i 7-0

V1-6, i 7-2

V1-6, i 7-4

V1-6, i 7-3

-5T, 3.8K

19.01.2016

3

4

27

5

6

1

0

Vxx

S

D

Voltage drop Vxx between contacts 1-6 against different Source-Drain contact position. S-D contacts 7-0, 7-2, 7-4, 7-3

G663#15Breakdown current optimisation



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Graphene at ~4 K and 5 T in the prototypesystem measured to1 ppb.

Quantisation accuracy (deviation from h/2e2)vs measurement time

Graphene at 300 mK and 14 T (NPL previous world recordmeasurement to better than 0.1 ppb

• Quantum standard1 ppb

• Secondary standard10 ppb

• Calibration laboratory100 ppb

• Company ‘master’ item1 ppm

• Company production equipment

10 ppm• Produc

t100 ppm

τ-1/2



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Case study 2Quantum Sensing



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Project title: “Development of a Cryofree Ultra low temperature Environment for Quantum enhanced Sensors (CUEQS)”

Project aims: To study the feasibility of a low cost cryo-free ULT environment for quantum enhanced sensors and other quantum applications.

CUEQS Project details –

OI – Compact low cost platform 100 mK for devices• New compact cryofree low cost platform 50mk-

300mk -.• Moving below 4K moving beyond Niobium

based devices • New materials and Q effects eg. Proximity

effects, Al devices

LU – ULT magnetometer < 300 mK • To characterise the performance Sub

300mk• New SQUID based magnetometer with

Tc < 500 mK and optimal performance around 100 mK.



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• Q sensors <1 K (e.g. magnetic sensing for MRI, MEG, Geosurveys, environmental)• New devices such as SQUIPTs, HyQUID offer Nb SQUID performance (or better)

with lower noise, power dissipation.

The challenge

4 K 1.5 K 300 mK 100 mK 10 mK 10 mk240 mm 150 mm 290 mm 440 mm

£ ££ ££ £££ ££££ £££££



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• Developed and fabricated SQUID-based magnetometer (limited disclosure due to IP)

• Square loop ~ 12.5 μm x 12.5 μm• Gated SGS Josephson junctions - monolayer graphene

3. Studied flux modulation of Ic and voltage 9 μT ~ 230 μm2 , actual 212 μm2

20 mK

Ic modulation Voltage modulation

2. Demonstrated Graphene (SQUID) sensor

Quantum Sensors –for sensitive magnetic measurements (Environmental and Health)

1. Design and prototype a compact 50-100 mK platform



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Case study 3Quantum information processing



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Quantum Information ProcessingBackground, Application, OfferingBackground• OINS is a key Player in the field of Quantum Computing• OINS specialises in supplying systems that enable the

creation and operation of Quantum Computer processors

Applications and Growth Opportunities• Quantum Information processing represents a paradigm

shift in computer technology. It will revolutionise:• Data encryption and security• Financial modelling and analysis• Software development and testing• Image / pattern recognition and public security• Drug discovery and development

How does OINS Serve this Market Segment?• The Triton ultra low temperature environments that allow

QIP systems to operate• MBE, PVD and Materials Characterisation techniques used

in the fabrication of Quantum processing chips• “Cold Electronics” and Instrumentation

http://www.dwavesys.com/en/images/d_wave_wafer_processor.jpg

http://www.dwavesys.com/en/images/d_wave_wafer_processor.jpg



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Quantum Computing / Cryogenic quantum microwave platforms

1 µm

10 mK

100 mK

1 K

4 K

50 K

Q devices

• Quantum computing with superconducting circuits

• Studying condensed matter systems usingsuperconducting microwave devices

a measurement of ‘Rabi’ oscillations of such a qubit between its ground and excited state

measurement of the comb of frequency modes of a superconducting surface acoustic wave resonator at 4.4. GHz

• Microwave control & measurement chainPeter Leek at Oxford University Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford



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Courtesy of D-Wave systems Inc




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Case study 4Quantum systems for condensed matter



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Superconducting magnets for QT & Condensed matter Research

1.5-300 K < 10 mK

Optics Optics/RF7 T 8-18 T Up to 16 T

2-4KmK

New materials and Science

Up to 22.5 T

CryofreeWet



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Alliances and collaboration on condensed matter and QT

High-frequency wiring for spin qubits

Rapid sample exchangeNuclear demagnetisation

Noise thermometry

Quantum sensors formagnetic fields

HTS current leads

Graphene–enabled solution for metrology and 2D materials and Quantum technologies

• Superconducting qubit thermalisation High frequency wiring

• Materials characterisation of High temperature superconductors

Multi-surface optical vibrometry

High field magnets for 2D materials & nanotechnology applications

CTD programme• Quantum Engineering• Condensed matter• Functional materials

Oxford Instruments Nanoscience Overview · 2018. 11. 21. · Noise thermometry. Quantum sensors...

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