OWNERSHIP NOTES.pdf

7/27/2019 OWNERSHIP NOTES.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ownership-notespdf 1/4

LAW ON PROPERTY BASED ON

ATTY. RABUYA’S BOOK AND DISCUSSION

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-The mass or bundle of rights thatmay beexercised

overaproperty

-Subject matter may either be (material) things orrights

-An independent right of exclusive enjoyment and

control of the thing for the purpose of deriving

therefrom all advantages required by the reasonable

needsoftheownerandthepromotionofthegeneral

welfarebut subject to the restrictions imposed by law

andtherightofothers(JusticeJBLReyes)

-Arealright

☞Apowerbelongingtoapersonovera

specificthingwithoutadefinitepassive

subjecttowhomsuchrightmaybe

personallyenforced

☞Createsadirectrelationbetweenthespecific

thinganditsholder

☞ Creates an obligation on the part of third

personsnottointerfereinsuchenjoyment

PROPERTY

-Thingswhicharesusceptibleofappropriation

-Theobjectofownership

RIGHTSINCLUDEDINOWNERSHIP

EDREED-J-CHA

E-Enjoy

D-Dispose

R-Recoverthepropertyfromanyholderor

possessor

E-Excludeanypersonfromenjoymentand

disposaloftheproperty

E-Encloseorfencethelandortenement

D-Demandindemnityfordamagessuffereddue

lawfulinterferencebyathirdpersontoavert

animminentdanger

J-Justcompensationincaseofeminentdomain

C-Constructanyworksormakeanyplantationsandexcavations

H-Hiddentreasurefoundintheowner’s

property

A-Accessions

ART428Theownerhastherighttoenjoyanddispose

ofathing,withoutotherlimitationsthanthose

establishedbylaw.

Theownerhasalsoarightofactionagainsttheholder

andpossessorofthethinginordertorecoverit.

ATTRIBUTESOFOWNERSHIP

Jus-FAPDUV

Jus-

F–Fruendi/Righttothefruits

A–Abutendi/Righttoabuseorconsume

P–Posidendi/Righttopossess

D–Disponendi/Righttodispose

U–Utendi/Righttousewithoutdestroying

V–Vindicandi/Righttorecover

☞Thepresentarticleonlymentions

• Righttoenjoy

• Righttodispose

• Righttorecover

☞However,therighttoenjoyincludesFAPU

• Righttothef ruits

• Righttoabuseorconsume

• Righttopossess

• Righttousewithoutdestroyingthesubstanc

RIGHTTOENJOY

-Righttofreelyenjoyeitherthepropertyitselforthebenefitsderivedtherefrom

RighttoUseandAbuse

RighttoUse–employingitforthepurposeforwhich

isfit,withoutdestroyingit,andwhichemploymentca

berepeated

RighttoAbuse–theusethatextinguishes,consumes,

byactsoftheowner, thingswhichareconsumable.

RIGHTTODISPOSE-Thepoweroftheownertodisposeofhisproperty.

-Includes

• Powertoalienate–therightoftheownerto

transmit,eitherbyonerousorgratuitoustitle,

hisrighttoanotherbyanyact intervivosor

moriscausa.

e.g.,sale,donation

• Powertolimitorencumber–thepowerofthe

ownertodeprivehimselfofseveralrights

includedinownershipandtransferthemto

another

e.g.,contractsoflease,commodatum,

usufructuary

• Righttotransform–thepowertochangethe

natureofthething,oritsformordestination

• Powertodestroy–thepowertorenderuseles

ortoabandonorannihilatethething

• Powertomerge

OWNERSHIP



RIGHTTORECOVER

Possession–essentialtobothfreeenjoymentand

disposal

• Juspossidendi–“RightTOpossession”;

Possessionasanincidentofownershipora

rightincludedinownership

• Juspossessionis–“RightOFpossession”;

Possessionwhichisarightindependentand

apartfromownership

☞Theownerisentitledtoexclusiveownershipofhis

property.

☞However,intheeventofunlawfuldeprivationof

possession,theownerisnotjustifiedtotakethelaw

intohisownhands.Heisrequiredtoresorttoproper

legalprocessestorecoverhispossessionoverhis

property.

ACTIONSTORECOVERPOSSESSIONOFREALPROPERTY

Accion–RIP

R–Reinvidicatoria/Reinvidicacion

I–Interdictal

P–Publiciana/Plenariadeposesion

a.AccionReinvidicatoria

-Anactionwherebyplaintiffallegesownershipovera

parceloflandandseeksrecoveryofits fullpossession

-Plaintiffseekstorecovertheexerciseofrights

includedinownership

-Recoveryofpossessionoverpropertyasowner

REQUISITES

1) Proofofidentityofthelandclaimed

-Bydescribingthelocation,areaand

boundaries*

*Mayeitherbenaturalorartificial

GR:Boundariesprevailoverareaandlocationin

definingapieceofland.

EXPN:Ifthereisaconflictandtheboundariesarenotsufficientlycertainandtheidentityofthelandisnot

clearlyprovedbytheboundaries,theareashould

prevail.

2) Histitletotheland

b.AccionInterdictal

-“Summaryactionofejectment”

-Comprisestwodistinctcausesofaction

• Forcibleentry/detentacion

• Unlawfuldetainer/desahuico

-Hasone-yearprescriptiveperiod

☞BasedonArt.555oftheCC–“Possessiondefactois

lostifthepossessionbyanotherpersonhaslastedfor

morethanoneyear.”

-Theuseofsummaryprocedureinejectmentcasesis

intendedtoprovideanexpeditiousmeansof

protectingactualpossessionorrighttopossessionof

theproperty;theyarenotprocessestodeterminethe

actualtitletoanestate

c.AccionPubliciana

-“Plenaryactionforrecoveryofpossession”

1)Actionforrecoveryoftherighttopossessto

determinethebetterrightofpossessionofrealty

independentofthetitleorownershipoftheproperty

2)Anejectmentsuitfiledafter theexpirationofone

yearfromtheaccrualofthecauseofactionorfromth

unlawfulwithholdingofpossessionoftherealty.

☞Remedyaftertheprescriptionperiodinaccion

interdictal

ForcibleEntry UnlawfulDetainer

Summaryactiontorecovermaterialorphysical

possessionofrealproperty

Personwhooriginally

heldtheproperty

(Plaintiff)wasdeprived

ofpossessionbyforce,

intimidation,threat,

strategyorstealth.

Plaintiffwasdeprivedof

possessionbecausethe

unlawfuldetainer

unlawfullywithholds

possessionafterthe

expirationortermination

ofhisrighttheretounder

acontract–expressorimplied

Possessionisvoidab

initiobecausehe

acquiredpossessionby

force,intimidation,

threat,strategyor

stealth.

Possessionwasoriginally

lawfulbutbecomes

illegalbyreasonofthe

terminationofhisright

ofpossessionunderhis

contractwiththeplaintiff

Plaintiffmustallegethat

hewasinprior physical

possessionofthe

propertyuntildeprived

thereof

Plaintiffneednothave

beeninpriorphysical

possession

One-yearprescriptive

periodiscountedfrom

thedateofactualentry

EXCEPTwhenmade

troughstealth,itwillbe

countedfromthetimeof

theknowledgeofsuch

entry

One-yearprescriptive

periodiscountedfrom

thedateoflastdemand

NOTE:Demandis

necessary,whichis

judicialinnature.



ART429Theownerorlawfulpossessorofathinghas

therighttoexcludeanypersonfromtheenjoymentand

disposalthereof.Forthispurpose,hemayusesuchforce

asmaybereasonablynecessarytorepelorpreventan

actualorthreatenedphysicalinvasionorusurpationof

hisproperty.

DOCTRINEOFSELF-HELP

-Theemploymentofsuchreasonableforcebythe

ownerindefenseofhisproperty.

-Availableto:

• Theowneroftheproperty;or

• Anyofitslawfulpossessor

-Cannotbeinvokedtorecoveraproperty

-Canonlybeexercisedatthetimeoftheactualor

threateneddispossession

-Repelactual unlawfulphysicalinvasion/usurpation

-Preventthreatenedunlawfulphysical

invasion/usurpation

☞Defenseofpropertyisdeemedincludedinself-

defenseunderArt.11,par.1oftheRPC

Relatedcases:

1) Peoplev.Goya(1965)

-Defenseofproperty,whethercompleteorincomplete,mustbecoupledwithanattackon

thepersondefendingtheproperty

2) Peoplev.Narvaez(1983)

-Art.429oftheCC

-Defenseofpropertywithoutanyaggression

againstthepersonoftheowner isauthorized.

ART430Everyownermayencloseorfencehislandor

tenementsbymeansofwalls,ditches,liveordead

hedges,orbyanyothermeanswithoutdetrimentto

servitudesconstitutedthereon.

-Anexerciseoftheowner’srighttoexcludeothers

fromtheenjoymentofhisproperty.

-Mustnotbeattendedwithbadfaith

☞Ifthepurposewastoejecthisoccupantwhoselease

hasalreadyexpired,theownerisliabletosaid

occupantfordamages.

EASEMENTORSERVITUDE

-Arealrightconstitutedinanother’sproperty,

corporealandimmovable,byvirtueofwhichthe

ownerofthesamehastabstainfromdoingortoallow

somebodyelsetodosomethinginhispropertyforth

benefitofanotherthingorperson.

☞Ownershipisnotanabsoluteright.

☞Itissubjecttolimitationssuchas:

• Restrictionsimposedbylaw

• Theexerciseoftheinherentpowersofthe

State• Rightsofothers

• Limitationsimposedbytheownerhimself

INHERENTPOWERSOFTHESTATE

1) PolicePower

-Generalpurpose:Tosecurethegeneral

welfare,comfortandconvenience

-Propertycondemnedisnoxiousorintended

foranoxiouspurpose

-Confiscationisnotcompensable

Accion

Publiciana

Accion

Reinvidicatoria

Basisof

recoveryof

possession

JusPossessionisor

realrightof

possession

-Therightof

possession

independentof

ownership

JusPossidendior

ownershipitself

-Possessionas

incidentor

attributeof

ownership

Plaintiff’s

allegation

Plaintiffmerely

allegesproofofa

betterrightto

posseswithout

claimoftitle

Plaintiffalleges

ownershipovera

parceloflandand

seeksrecoveryof

its fullpossession

Court

Jurisdiction

IfthepropertyislocatedinMetroManila

Assessedvalueisn.m.t.50K–MeTC

Assessedvalueismorethan50K–RTC

IfthepropertyisoutsideMetroManila

Assessedvalueisn.m.t.200K–MTC

Assessedvalueismorethan200K–RTC

Accion

Publiciana

Accion

Interdictal

Natureof

action

Plenaryactionfor

recoveryof

possession

Summaryaction

forejectment

Issue

Involved

Thedetermination

ofthebetterright

ofpossessionor

possessiondejure

Limitedtothe

questionof

possessionde

facto(physicalpossession)

Court

Jurisdiction

Id. MeTcorMTC.

LIMITATIONSONOWNERSHIP



2) EminentDomain

-EnablestheStateto forcibly acquireprivate

landsintended forpublicuseanduponpayment

ofjustcompensation

GR:Iftheowneriswillingtosell,noneedto

expropriate.Anordinarydeedofsalemaybeagreed

uponbytheparties

EXPN:Iftheownerisunwillingtosell,orcannot

acceptthepriceorotherconditionsofferedbythevendee,powerofeminentdomainwillcomeintoplay

toasserttheparamountauthorityoftheState.The

welfareofthepeopleisthesupremelaw.

3) Taxation-Powerofthegov’ttoraiserevenueinorderto

supportitsexistenceandcarryoutlegitimate

objectives

-Thepowertotaxincludesthepowerto

destroy.

ART432Theownerofathinghasnorighttoprohibit

theinterferenceofanotherwiththesame,ifthe

interferenceisnecessarytoavertanimminentdanger

andthethreateneddamage,comparedtothedamage

arisingtotheownerfromtheinterference,ismuch

greater.Theownermaydemandfromtheperson

benefitedindemnityforthedamagetohim.

STATEOFNECESSITY

-Interferencebyathirdpersonwithanother’sproperty

is justified and cannot be prevented by the latter ifsuch interference is necessary to avert an imminent

danger and the threatened damage is much greater

than that of the damage that the ownermight suffer

fromsuchinterference.

☞Stateofnecessityisajustifyingcircumstance;hence,

theaccusedisnotcriminallyliable.

☞ Civil liability is borne by the person/persons

benefitedbytheactoftheaccused.

Requisites: PNGN1) Situationofgraveperil,anactualorimminent

danger,eitheruponthepersonoftheactorora

thirdpersonortheirproperty;

2) The interference is necessary to avert such

danger

3) Thethreateneddamage ismuchgreater than

thatofthedamagethattheownermightsuffer

fromsuchinterference

4) The state of necessity must not be brought

about by the intentional provocation of the

partyinvokingthesame

Defenseagainstdanger Stateofnecessity

Danger comes from

another’sproperty

Another’s property is

usedtoavertdangernot

arisingfromit

Noobligationtoindemnify

the owner if the latter is

the one responsible for

thedanger

The owner is entitled to

indemnity

Self-Help Stateofnecessity

Whohasthe

powerto

invoke?

Invoked by the

owner or lawful

possessor

Invoked by

another person

against someone

else’sproperty

Purpose To prevent other

persons from

interfering with

hisproperty

To avert an

imminent danger

to himself or to

another person

or to their

property

☞ The two doctrines cannot be successfully invok

simultaneously. If the application of one doctrine

right, it follows that theother party cannot rightfu

invoketheotherdoctrine.

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