OWL-S: Brief Overview
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OWL-S:Brief Overview
David Martin SRI International
Chair, OWL-S Coalition
Co-chair, Semantic Web Services Language Committee
DARPA Distribution Statement “A”: Approved for Public Release, Distribution Unlimited
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 2 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
What is OWL-S?What is OWL-S?
• Ontology Web Language for Services• Under development since early 2001
• An OWL ontology for (formally) describing properties and
capabilities of Web services
• Plus a large body of work about using the ontology: tools, components, algorithms, extensions
• An approach that draws on many sources• Description logic, AI planning, Workflow, Formal process modeling, Agents, Web services, …
• Ties in with Web services (WSDL, UDDI)
http://www.daml.org/services/owl-s
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 3 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Contributors to OWL-S(partial list)
BBN: Mark Burstein
CMU: Katia Sycara, Massimo Paolucci, Naveen Srinivasan
De Montfort University: Monika Solanki
Maryland / College Park: Bijan Parsia, Evren Sirin
NIST: Craig Schlenoff
Nokia: Ora Lassila
SRI: David Martin
Stanford KSL: Deb McGuiness
Southampton: Terry Payne
Univ. of Toronto: Sheila McIlraith
USC-ISI: Jerry Hobbs
Yale: Drew McDermott
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 4 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
High-Level Objectives
• Automation of service use by software agents• Ideal: full-fledged use of services never before
encountered• Enable reasoning/planning about services
• e.g., On-the-fly composition• Build on both Semantic Web and Web services
Comprehensive framework supporting the entire lifecycle of service management tasks
• Discovery, selection, composition, invocation, monitoring, ..
• Integrated use with information resources• Ease of use (for users and developers)• Powerful tools
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 5 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Layered Approach to Language Development
SWRL (Rules)
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
RDFS (RDF Schema)
OWL ([DLP], Light, DL, Full)
OWL-S (Services)
OWL-S: an ontology expressed in OWL andrelated languages
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 6 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, University of Southampton
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 7 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
High-level characterization/summary of a serviceUsed for
• Populating service registries• A service can have many profiles
• Automated service discovery• Service selection (matchmaking)
One can derive:• Service advertisements• Service requests
Service Profile: “What does it do?”
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 9 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
• Class hierarchical yellow pages– Implicit capability characterization
– Arrangement of attributes on class hierarchy
– Can use multiple inheritance
– Relies primarily on “non-functional” properties
• Process summaries for planning purposes– More explicit
– Inputs, outputs, preconditions, effects
– Less reliance on formal hierarchical organization
– Summarizes process model specs
– Relies primarily on functional description
Service Profile: Styles of use
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 12 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Service Model“How does it work?”
Process– Interpretable description of service provider’s behavior– Tells service user how and when to interact (read/write messages)
& Process control– Ontology of process state; supports status queries – (stubbed out at present)
• Used for:– Service invocation, planning/composition, interoperation,
monitoring • All processes have
– Inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects– Function/dataflow metaphor; action/process metaphor
• Composite processes– Control flow– Data flow
• “Surface syntax” recently made available
Process Model: “How does it work?”
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 13 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
www.acmetravel.combook travel service
www.acmeair.com
book flight service
• customer name• flight numbers• dates• credit card no.• • ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• errror information• …
?
www.acmehotel.com
book hotel service
• confirmation no.• dates• room type• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
www.acmecar.com
book car service
• customer name• location• car type• dates• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
• • • •
Process of Processes
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
?
• • • • • • • • • • •
Input &Preconditions
Output &Effects
• • • •
• • • •
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 14 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, University of Southampton
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 15 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Service Grounding: “How to access it”
• Implementation specific
• Message formatting, transport mechanisms, protocols, serializations of types
• Service Model + Grounding give everything needed for using the service
• Builds upon WSDL
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 16 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
OWL-S / WSDL Grounding
Resources/Concepts
WSDL
OWL-S
Process Model
Atomic Process
Operation Message
Inputs / Outputs
Binding to SOAP, HTTP, etc.
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 18 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Some Applications of OWL-S
IBM– Provide OWL-S API as part of SNOBASE Semantic Web tool– http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/snobase– Use OWL-S for enhanced semantic UDDI
SAP– Use OWL-S for automatic composition of services to manage border control
Toshiba– Use OWL-S in publicly available UDDI at NTT (Main Japanese UDDI)
Fujitsu– OWL-S used in Task Computing Project; planned for production in 2005– http://www.taskcomputing.org/
NIST, DCS, TARDEC– Use OWL-S to describe capabilities of Autonomous Vehicles
MyGrid– Use OWL-S to describe Bioinformatics Web services on the Grid– http://www.mygrid.org.uk/
AgentCities– OWL-S used for discovery of new agents– http://www.agentcities.org/
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 19 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Some Areas of Work Building on OWL-S
• Architecture / components– Virtual machine– Libraries– Brokering– Mediation– Ontology management (meta-)services
• Algorithms / tools– Development
• Editors, WSDL2OWLS, BPEL2OWLS, BPEL augmentations– Discovery & Selection– Composition– UML-based design/generation
• Ontology extensions• Security• Policy• Quality of Service• Domain-specific extensions• Semantic Grid applications• Alternate groundings
• SWSF
Ontolog Forum; Oct. 20, 2005 20 David Martin: OWL-S Overview
Summary & Status
• Describes “what it does”, “how it works”, “how to access it”– Profile, Process, Grounding subontologies
• Ties in fairly naturally with WSDL, UDDI• Additional semantics supports
– Automation of various Web service tasks – Varied applications
• W3C member submission– http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07/
• 1.1 release finalized• 1.2 release planned this year• Publications, tools, examples
– See http;//www.daml.org/services/owl-s/– ISWC, WWW, ICSOC conferences (and workshops)
• Additional material (including FLOWS, WSMO, WSDL-S) here:– W3C Workshop on Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services– http://www.w3.org/2005/01/ws-swsf-cfp.html