Owa320010 Hspa & Hspa+ Introduction Issue 1.00

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Revision RecordCourse Code Product WRAN Time 2010.12

Dont Print This PageProduct Version RAN12 Approver GU Team Course Version ISSUE ISSUE 1.00 New/Update New

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OWA320010Developer/Modifier Liang Jie

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Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

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HSPA & HSPA+ Introduction

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www.huawei.com


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Objectives

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:Understand the basic principle and features of HSPA and HSPA+

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Contents1. HSPA & HSPA+ Overview 2. HSDPA Introduction 3. HSUPA Introduction 4. HSPA+ Introduction

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UMTS Data Rate EvolutionGSM GPRS WCDMA R99 HSDPA R5 HSUPA R6 HSPA+ R7 DL 64QAM MIMO 16QAM Uplink Peak Data Rate 9.6Kbps 20Kbps 60Kbps 384Kbps 384Kbps 5.76Mbps 11.5Mbps 11.5Mbps HSPA+ R8 DL 64QAM+MIMO DC-HSDPA

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EDGE

Mobile Network GSM GPRS:

Downlink Peak Data Rate 9.6Kbps 40Kbps 120Kbps 384Kbps 14.4Mbps 14.4Mbps 28Mbps 42Mbps

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EDGE WCDMA Release 99 HSDPA Release 5 HSUPA Release 6 HSPA+ Release 7 HSPA+ Release 8

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High Speed Downlink Packet Access

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What are the benefits of HSDPAHigher Data Rates

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Peak data rate up to 14Mbps per user (Release 5)

Higher Capacity

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More subscribers and throughput Further reduces the cost per megabyte

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Richer Application

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Low latency improvement for streaming ,interactive, background applications

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Release 99 Downlink Packet Data

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How is Packet Data handled in Release 99 (FDD) ?DCH ( Dedicated Channel )

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Spreading codes assigned per user Closed loop power control Soft handoverNode B

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FACH ( Common Channel )

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Common Spreading code No closed loop power control No soft handoverNode B

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Release 99 Downlink Limitation

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Dedicated Channel Features ( DCH )Maximum implemented downlink of 384kbps OVSF code limitation for high data rate users Rate change according to burst throughput is slow Outer loop power control responds slowly to channel

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Common Channel Features ( FACH )Good for burst data application Only low data rates supported Fixed transmit power

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HSDPA Basic Concepts

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Set of high data rate channel Channels are shared by multiple users Each user may be assigned all or part of the resource every 2msBig shared pipe Code multiplexing for HSDPA

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Node B HSDPA user#1 HSDPA user#2 HSDPA user#3 HSDPA user#4 2ms

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a set of HS-PDSCHs


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HSDPA Basic Concepts (cont.)

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How will HSDPA figure out the limitations of R99Adaptive modulation and coding

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Fast feedback of Channel condition QPSK and16QAM Channel coding rate from 1/3 to 1

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Multi-code operation

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Multiple codes allocated per user Fixed spreading factor

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NodeB fast Scheduling

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Physical Layer HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest )


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Comparison between R99 and HSDPAMode Channel Type Power Control Soft Handover Suitability for Bursty Data Rate DCHDedicated Closed Inner Loop at 1500Hz & Closed Outer Loop Supported Poor Medium

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FACHShared No Not Supported Good Low

HSDPAShared Fixed Power with link adaptation Not Supported Good High

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High Speed Uplink Packet Access

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Driver force for HSUPAData Rate demand for higher peak data rates in uplink Qos lower latency Capacity better uplink throughput Coverage better uplink coverage for higher data rate

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Release 99 Uplink Packet Data

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DCH (Dedicated Channel)Variable spreading factor Closed loop power control Macro diversity (soft handover)

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RACHCommon spreading code Fixed spreading factor No closed loop power control No soft handover

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Release 99 Uplink Limitation

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Large scheduling delayRadio resource is controlled from RNC Uplink DCCC (Dynamic channel configuration control)

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Large latencyTransmission time interval duration of 10/20/40/80ms

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RNC based retransmission in case of errors (RLC layer)

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Limited uplink data rateDeployed peak data rate is 384kbps with limited subscriber number

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HSUPA Basic Concepts

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E-DCH channel has been introduced Interference is shared by multiple users NodeB controls all UEs data rate with fast scheduling

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E-DCH

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Improved Characters by HSUPA

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Higher peak data rate in uplink Reduced latencyFaster retransmission to improve throughput

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Fast schedulingOptimize the resource allocation to maximize the total throughput

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Quality of Service supportImprove QoS control and resource utilization

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HSPA+ Introduction

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HSPA refers to HSDPA and HSUPA which are introduced in 3GPP Release 5 and Release 6. It can provide significant throughput, latency, and capacity gains on the downlink and uplink, compared to Release 99.

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HSPA+ (also known as HSPA evolution) is introduced in 3GPP Release 7 and develops continuously in the following Release. It is an enhancement to HSPA.

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Goals for HSPA+

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Reduced service delay Increase peak data rates Improve spectrum efficiency Increase system capacity Reduce UE power consumption

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HSDPA Key TechniquesBlock 1 Block 1 Block 2

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AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) Data rate adapted to radio condition on 2ms

HARQ Hybrid ARQ with Soft combing Reduce round trip time

Fast Scheduling based on CQI and fairness Scheduling of user on 2ms

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ptSF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM Dynamic shared in Time and code domain 16QAM 16QAM in complement to QPSK for higher peak bit rates 3 New Physical Channels


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Adaptive Modulation and Coding

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AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) in accordance with CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )Adjust data rate to compensation channel condition

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Good channel condition higher data rate Bad channel condition lower data rate

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Adjust channel coding rate to compensation channel condition

Good channel condition channel coding rate is higher e.g. 3/4 Bad channel condition channel coding rate is lower e.g. 1/3

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Adjust the modulation scheme to compensation channel condition

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Good channel condition high order modulation scheme e.g. 16QAM Bad channel condition low order modulation scheme e.g. QPSK


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Adaptive Modulation and Coding (cont.)

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AMC ( Adaptive Modulation and Coding ) based on CQI ( Channel Quality Indicator )CQI ( channel quality indicator )

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UE measures the channel quality and reports to NodeB every 2ms or a longer cycle

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NodeB selects modulation scheme ,data block size based on CQIPower Control Rate Adaptation

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Bad channel condition Node B More power Good channel condition less power

Bad channel condition low data rate Good channel condition high data rate

Node B


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CQI mapping table for UE category 10CQI value 0 1 2 13 14 15 16 Transport Block Size N/A 137 173 2279 2583 3319 3565 4189 4664 23370 24222 25558 1 1 4 4 5 5 5 5 15 15 15 Number of HS-PDSCH Modulation Out of range QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 16-QAM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reference power adjustment (

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HSDPA UE CategoriesHS-DSCH Category Maximum Number of HS-DSCH Codes Received 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 10 15 15 5 5 Minimum Inter-TTI Interval 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Maximum Number of Bits of an HS-DSCH Transport Block Received Within an HSDSCH TTI 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 7298 14411 14411 20251 27952 3630 3630 Total Number of Soft Channel Bits

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Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5:

19200 28800 28800 38400 57600 67200 115200 134400 172800 172800 14400 28800

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Category 6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11 Category 12

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Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest

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Conventional ARQIn a conventional ARQ scheme, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are discarded and retransmitted data blocks are separately decoded

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Hybrid ARQ ( HARQ )In case of Hybrid ARQ with soft combining, received data blocks that can not be correctly decoded are not discarded. Instead the corresponding received signal is buffered and soft combined with later received retransmission of information bits. Decoding is then applied to the combined signal

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Hybrid Automatic Repeat ReQuest (cont.)

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Illustration of HARQ:

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The use of HARQ with soft combining increases the effective received Eb/Io for each retransmission and thus increases the probability for correct decoding of retransmissions, compare to conventional ARQ

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HARQ Combining

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There are many different schemes for HARQ with soft combiningIn case of Chase combining ( CC ) each retransmission is an identical copy of the original transmission In case of Incremental Redundancy ( IR ) each retransmission may add new redundancy

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HARQ Process

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Each HSDPA assignment is handled by a HARQ process runing in NodeB and UEThe UE HARQ process is responsible for:

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Attempting to decode the data Deciding whether to send ACK or NACK Soft combining of retransmitted data

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The NodeB HARQ process is responsible for:

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Selecting the corrected bits to send according to the selected retransmission scheme and UE capability

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Short TTI (2ms)

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Shorter TTI ( Transmission Time Interval ) is to reduce RTT ( round trip time )

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Shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other functionalities such as AMC, scheduling algorithm and HARQ

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Shared Channel Transmission

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In HSDPA, a new DL transport channel is introduced call HS-DSCH

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A part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99

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Power Sharing for Channel Transmission

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A part of the total downlink power resource is dynamically shared between HSDPA and Release 99Power margin for DCH power control

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Total Power Allowed power for HSDPA

Higher power utility efficiency

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DPCH Power for CCH Time

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Resource Allocation

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Resources are assigned to HSDPA user only when they are actually to be used for transmission, which leads to efficient code and power utilization

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Higher-Order Modulation Scheme

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HSDPA modulation schemeQPSK 16QAM: 16QAM can provide higher peak rate

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Fast Scheduling

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Fast scheduling is about to decided to which terminal the shared channel transmission should be directed at any given moment

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Scheduler may be based on: Channel condition Amount of data waiting in the queue Fairness (Satisfied users) Cell throughput, etc

Some basic scheduling algorithms: Round Robin (RR) Maximum C/I (MAX C/I) Proportional Fair (PF) Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF)Page33


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HSDPA New Physical Channels

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HSDPA Channel MappingDCCH DTCH

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HS-DSCH

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HS-PDSCH HS-SCCH HS-DPCCH

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Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate

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Theoretical HSDPA Maximum data rate is 14.4Mbps How do we get to 14.4Mbps ?Multi-code transmission

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NodeB must allocate all 15 OVSF codes ( SF =16 ) to one UE NodeB must allocate all time slots to one UE UE must decode all transmission correctly on the first transmission Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode Requires very good channel condition

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Consecutive assignments using multiple HARQ process

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Low channel coding gain

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16QAM


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A Example of Calculating HSDPA Data Rate

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Try to calculate the HSDPA data rate assuming5 OVSF code for HS-PDSCH Consecutive assignment QPSK Turbo code rate =1/3 Retransmission

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75% of data block decoded on first transmission 25% of data block decoded on second transmission

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HSUPA Key Technology Overview

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HSUPA key technologies2ms TTI Lower SF Fast L1 HARQ New Channels Fast schedulingImproved Cell Capacity Higher Peak Data Rate Lower Latency Improved QoS Support Fast Resource Scheduling

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HSUPA vs. HSDPAHSDPA HSUPA

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New high-speed shared channel

Dedicated channel with enhanced capabilities

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HARQ with fast retransmission at layer 1 Rate/modulation adaptation Single serving cell Fast NodeB scheduler Shared NodeB power and code Fast power control Soft handover Fast NodeB scheduler Rise-over-Thermal (ROT)Page40

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Rise-over-Thermal Noise

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In order to decode received data correctly, the uplink interference shall be controlled.

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Rise-over-Thermal is a measure of the uplink load.

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NodeB monitors uplink interference and tells UE how much power can be used to transmit uplink data.

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NodeB Scheduler for HSUPA

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The HSUPA scheduler considers the trade-off between the following two points:Several users those want to transmit at high data rate all the time Satisfying all requested grants while preventing overloading and maximizing resource utilization

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HSUPA Operation

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The UE sends a transmission request to the NodeB for getting resources. The NodeB responds to the UE with a grant assignment, allocating uplink band to the UE. The UE uses the grant to select the appropriate transport format for the Data transmission to the NodeB. The NodeB attempts to decode the received data and send ACK/NACK to the UE. In case of NACK, data may be retransmitted.

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HSUPA Operation (continued)

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1. Transmission RequestThe UE request data transmission by the scheduling information (SI), which is determined according to the UE power and buffer data availability. The scheduling information is sent to the NodeB.Scheduling Information (SI) UE Buffer UE Power

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UE

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2. Grant AssignmentThe Node B determines the UE grant by monitoring uplink interference (RoT at he receiver), and by considering the UE transmission requests and level of satisfaction.GRANT RoT SI Satisfaction

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NodeB

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The grant is signaled to the UE by new grant channels.


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3. Data TransmissionThe UE uses the received grant and, based on its power and data availability, selects the E-DCH transport format and the corresponding transmit power. Data are transmitted by the UE on together with the related control information.Data and related control information UE Power GRANT UE Buffer

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UE

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4. Data AcknowledgmentThe NodeB attempts to decode the received data and indicates to the UE with ACK/NACK. If no ACK is received by he UE, the data may be retransmitted.

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Data and related control information

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NodeB

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ACK/NACK


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New Channels for HSUPA

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Uplink Transport ChannelE-DCH: Carries high speed uplink data

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Uplink Physical ChannelsE-DPDCH: Carries E-DCH E-DPCCH: Carries control signal for E-DPDCH

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Downlink Physical ChannelsE-HICH: Carries HARQ ACK/NACK indicator for E-DCH E-RGCH: Carries relative grant determined by the scheduler E-AGCH: Carries absolute grant determined by the scheduler

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HSUPA Channel MappingDCCH DTCH

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E-DCH

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E-DPDCH E-AGCH E-DPCCH E-HICH E-RGCH

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New Channels in HSUPA Operation

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1. The UE sends a request for resources. The request includes status of its data buffers and is sent on EDPDCH. 2. Based on the request from the UE, the Node B allocates a resource grant to the UE. The grant is sent on the EAGCH channel. 3. This grant can be modified by the Node B every TTI using the E-RGCH channel. 4. The UE transmits data on E-DPDCH. Control information needed to decode the data is sent on E-DPCCH. 5. The Node B decodes the received packet and informs the UE whether it could decode the data successfully or not on the E-HICH channel.Page50

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E-DPDCH E-AGCH E-HICH E-DPCCH E-RGCH

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HSUPA Features

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Shorter TTI of 2msIn HSUPA both 10ms TTI and 2ms TTI are supported. A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasing the average and peak cell throughput.

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Higher Peak Data RateFor a 10-ms TTI UE, peak data rate is limited to 2 Mbps. Higher peak data rates can be achieved with a 2ms TTI UE

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5.76Mbps is the maximum peak data rate for HSUPA.


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HSUPA Features (continued)

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Hybrid-ARQN-channel stop-and-wait protocol, with 4 HARQ processes for 10ms TTI and 8 HARQ processes for 2ms TTI Synchronous retransmission Separate HARQ feedback is provided per radio link.

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E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support

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There are three different types of radio links in the UE E-DCH active set:Serving E-DCH Cell: The cell from which UE receives AGCH. Serving E-DCH RLS: Set of cells that contain at least the serving cell and from which the UE can receive RGCH No-Serving RL: Cell that belongs to the E-DCH active set but not belong to the serving RLS and from which the UE can receive a RGCH.Serving E-DCH cell

Serving E-DCH Radio Link Set (RLS)

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Non-Serving E-DCH Radio Link (RL)


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Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate

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How to get 5.76Mbps:Lower channel coding gain

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Effective code rate = 1 Requires very good channel conditions to decode

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Lower spreading factor

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UE uses SF 2

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Multi-code transmission

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UE uses 4 codes, 2 with SF2 and 2 with SF4

2ms TTI


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E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing

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Maximum payload for spreading factor of 4, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 1920 bits and the corresponding data rate is 960kbps.1920 systematic 1920 bits payload 1920 parity 1920 symbols 1920 parity

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R = 1/3 Turbo Coding

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Puncturing BPSK Modulation SF=4

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1920 modulation symbols 7690 chips

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2ms


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Lower Spreading Factor SF2

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Maximum payload for spreading factor of 2, TTI of 2 ms and coding rate of 1 is 3840 bits and the corresponding data rate is 1920kbps.3840 systematic 3840 bits payload 3840 parity 3840 symbols 3840 modulation symbols 7690 chips 3840 parity

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R = 1/3 Turbo Coding

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Puncturing BPSK Modulation SF=2

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Multi-code Transmission

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For one UE in HSUPA operation, up to 4 E-DPDCH can be used simultaneously, two using SF4 and two using SF2.

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Use of 4 codes transmission 2*SF2 + 2*SF4:(2*1920kbps) + (2*960kbps) = 5760kbps

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HSUPA UE CapabilitiesE-DCH category Max number of E-DPDCH channels Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Category 6 1 2 2 2 2 4 SF4 SF4 SF4 SF2 SF2 SF2 10ms 2&10 ms 10ms 2&10 ms 10ms 2&10ms 711kbps 1448kbps 1448kbps 2000kbps 2000kbps 2000kbps -1448kbps -2886kbps -5742kbps Minimum SF Supported TTI Peak rate for TTI = 10MS Peak rate for TTI = 2ms

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All the HSPA+ Features in RAN11 and RAN123GPP Version HSPA+ Technology Release 7 Downlink Enhanced L2 2x2 MIMO Downlink 64QAM Downlink Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation Continuous packet connectivity (CPC) Uplink 16QAM Release 8 Uplink Enhanced L2 Downlink MIMO+64QAM DC-HSDPACopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page60

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RAN Version RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 11.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0 RAN 12.0

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HSPA+ in RAN11

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In Huawei RAN11 version HSPA+ is introduced. The following figure shows the features in HSPA+ RAN11 and the relations among these features.

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HSPA+ in RAN12

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Some new features for HSPA+ are introduced in RAN12 to provide higher date rate and higher capacity. The following figure shows the features in HSPA+ RAN12 and the relations among these features.

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Modulation Modes for HSPA+

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Three modulation modes can be used for HS-PDSCH

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64QAM allows more bits per Symbol to be transmitted

Higher peak rate achieved in good channel condition


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What is MIMO?

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MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

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Wireless Channel Transmitter

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Receiver

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N Channel Condition Feedback

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What can MIMO provide?

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22 MIMO can increase peak data rate to 28MbpsData Stream 1

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Wireless Channel Transmitter Receiver

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Data Stream 2Channel Condition Feedback

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Enhanced CELL_FACH Operation

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Enhanced CELL_FACH operationEnhanced CELL_FACH operation allows the use of HSDPA technologies for the UEs in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, and URA_PCH state. The purpose is to increase the peak rates in these states and reduce the signaling transmission delay during service setup or state transition with the result improving the user experience.

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DL Enhanced L2

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This feature allows Uu L2 to use flexible PDU size on RLC layer and segmentation on MAC layer. The feature prevents the L2 from becoming the bottleneck of higher Uu rate increased by MIMO and 64QAM.

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DL enhanced L2 is the precondition of MIMO, 64QAM and enhanced CELL_FACH operation.

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CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)

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CPC allows the uplink and downlink transmissions to take place at periodic intervals. This feature reduces the transmitted power (and thus increases the UE battery life) because the UE does not have to monitor and transmit overhead channels every TTl. This reduction in the transmitted power also helps to increase the uplink capacity by decreasing the total interference. This improvement is especially significant when there are users who transmit data infrequently as VoIP users.

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CPC feature consists of DL DRX, UL DTX and HS-SCCH less operation.


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Release 7 HSPA+ Capable UE CategoriesHS-DSCH category Category 13 Category 14 Category 15 Category 16 Category 17 Category 18 QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM QPSK and 16QAM QPSK and 16QAM QPSK and 16QAM QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM None Supported Modulations Without MIMO Supported Modulations with MIMO

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Downlink MIMO with 64QAM

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In RAN12 downlink MIMO and 64QAM can be used simultaneously by one UE to receive HSDPA data. With this technology, the theoretical downlink peak rate can reach 42 Mbps.

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UE Categories for MIMO with 64QAM

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UE categories 19 and 20 support MIMO with 64QAM.Maximum Minimum number of inter-TTI HS-DSCH interval codes received Maximum number of bits of an HS-DSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI Total number of soft channel bits Supported modulatio ns without MIMO operation Supported modulations simultaneou s with MIMO operation

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HSDSCH category

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Category 19 Category 20

15 15

1 1

35280 42192

518400 QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 518400

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Prerequisites for MIMO with 64QAM

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Only PS streaming service, PS interactive service or PS background service can be carried by MIMO, 64QAM or MIMO with 64QAM.

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The cell supports enhanced L2. UE supports MIMO with 64QAM. The service is carried by HSDPA.

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What is DC-HSDPA (Dual-cell HSDPA)?

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DC-HSDPA allows a UE to set up HSDPA connections with two inter-frequency time-synchronous cells that have the same coverage. Theoretically, DC-HSDPA with 64QAM can provide a peak rate of 42Mbps in the downlink.

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DC-HSDPA Basic Concepts

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Anchor carrier: a carrier that carries all the channels, including uplink dedicated channels, of a UE. Each UE has only one anchor carrier.

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Supplementary carrier: a carrier that carries only three types of downlink channel of a UE. Each UE has only one supplementary carrier. The three types of downlink channel are as follows:HS-SCCH HS-PDSCH P-CPICH

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Why DC-HSDPA is used?

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DC-HSDPA can improve downlink data rate. The theoretical peak data rate with DC-HSDPA is 42Mbps.

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DC-HSDPA can reduce time delay for some services such as HTTP.

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DC-HSDPA can improve the data rate in cell edge and improve downlink coverage.

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DC-HSDPA can improve the system capacity when downlink load is unbalanced between different frequencies. The gain is very obvious in cell edge.

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UE categories for DC-HSDPA

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UE categories 21, 22, 23 and 24 support DC-HSDPA.HS-DSCH category Maximum number of HS-DSCH codes received Minimum inter-TTI interval Maximum number of bits of an HSDSCH transport block received within an HS-DSCH TTI Category 21 Category 22 Category 23 Category 24 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 23370 27952 35280 42192 345600 345600 518400 518400Page76

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Total number of soft channel bits

Supported modulation s with dual cell operation

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QPSK, 16QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM


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Prerequisites for DC-HSDPA

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Only PS streaming service, PS interactive service or PS background service can be carried by DC-HSDPA.

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The cell supports downlink enhanced L2. UE supports DC-HSDPA. The service is carried by HSDPA.

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Uplink Enhanced L2

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Uplink enhanced L2 allows flexible PDU sizes at the RLC layer and segmentation at the MAC layer on the Uu interface. The feature improves the uplink transmission efficiency.uplink fixed RLC PDU size Before R8336bits 656bits

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uplink flexible RLC PDU size R8

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Uplink 16QAM Introduction

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Uplink 16QAM modulates 4 bits/symbol whereas the original QPSK modulates only 2 bits/symbol. As a result, it doubles the HSUPA data rate to 11.5Mbps at the physical layer.

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HSUPA 16QAM allows more bits per Symbol to be transmittedCopyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page79

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Technical Characteristics

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In the case of 16QAM, a gain is achieved only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. Therefore, a good channel environment is required, for example, a cell with good indoor coverage or micro coverage.

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In comparison with QPSK, a gain is achieved only when 16QAM is used after the UL rate reaches 4Mbps. Therefore, the UL 16QAM is configured only after the maximum bit rate (MBR) exceeds 4Mbps.

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UE categories for UL 16QAM

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UE category 7 supports UL 16QAM.E-DCH category Maxim um numbe r of EDCH codes trans mitted 4 Minim um sprea ding factor Support for 10 and 2 ms TTI EDCH Maximum number of bits of an EDCH transport block transmitted within a 10 ms EDCH TTI Maximum number of bits of an EDCH transport block transmitted within a 2 ms EDCH TTI

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Category 7

SF2

10ms and 2 ms TTI

20000

22996

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Thank youwww.huawei.com

Owa320010 Hspa & Hspa+ Introduction Issue 1.00

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Transcript of Owa320010 Hspa & Hspa+ Introduction Issue 1.00