Overview—Research Status

Next-Generation Power Management User Interface for Office Equipment

Power Management ControlsProject Update, October 30 2001

Bruce Nordman, Alan MeierLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

[email protected]://eetd.LBL.gov/Controls

sponsor: California Energy CommissionPublic Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program

Power Management Controls and Indicators

Overview—Research Status• Controls Introduction• Project Rationale• Overall Plan• Specific Plan and Results• General Discussion


Standard Controls

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Cars: Gearshifts


Phones: Number Layout


Traffic Signs, Indicators




Non-standard Controls: Blenders


Non-Standard ControlsCell Phones


Office Equipment Power Management Terms

On, Ready, Active, Idle, Standby*, Doze,

Suspend, Sleep, Deep Sleep, Low-Power,

Energy-Saver, Power-Saver, Hibernate,

Energy Star Mode, Weekly Timer, Delay

Timer, Idle Timer, Activity, Inactivity,

Auto-off, Soft-off, Off.


Office Equipment: What Works


• Suspend mode is known as standby mode under the Microsoft Windows 98 operating system. For systems with ACPI compliance, suspend mode is known as sleep mode” (Dell)

• stand-by mode” — Fully ready to copy but not copying. (ASTM Copier Test Procedure)• “Stand-By — … an optional operating state of minimal power reduction …” (VESA Standard)

• “Standby power — The lowest power mode in which the appliance is plugged in …” (LBNL-Leaking/Standby Electricity)

• “Standby is … the lowest power state where the system is responsive to interrupts …” (PowerPC Reference Platform)

• "Suspend is currently ignored under Windows 95/98 and Windows 2000 because the terminology is ill-defined. “ (Microsoft)

• There is no distinction between Suspend and Standby in OnNow as there was previously under APM definitions" (Microsoft)

Office Equipment:The “Standby” Problem


What Doesn’t Work:PC Indicators

Sleep mode Awake


Existing ISO/IEC Symbols


Problem• Existing Power Management Controls are:

– Hidden, Confusing, Absent

• Power Management Enabling Rates Low• Lots of Wasted Energy• Poor User Image of Energy Efficiency,

Product Quality


Solution• Create broadly similar interfaces for power / power

management control across all office equipment and consumer electronics

• Accomplish this by creating a voluntary standard for interface elements

• Institutionalize the standard through international standards, industry standards, and marketing to industry



SynopsisGoal:

To save energy, increase enabling rates of existing power management capability in office equipment.

Method: Make power management more consistent and intuitive to users across all office equipment (via a voluntary standard).


Office Equipment Energy UseAnnual Electricity (TWh/year)

No Power Management

Now (ENERGY STAR)

Potential(100% Enabling) 48.8

65.5

92.6

0 20 40 60 80 100


Energy Savings (U.S.) TWh/year $billion/year

Existing 27.1 2.2Potential 16.7 1.3

Current Power Mgmt. Enabling Rates:PCs: 25% Monitors: 60%Printers: 80% Copiers: 70%


Overall Plan• Existing Devices / Interfaces

• Develop New Standards (Voluntary)

• Market These to Institutions– Manufacturers (PAC)– International Standards Organizations– Industry Institutions


Professional Advisory Committee (PAC)

Provides project with Guidance, Review, Credibility

• Compaq• Hewlett-Packard• IBM• Intel• Microsoft• Ricoh

• Samsung• Sony• Sun

• ITIC• ENERGY STAR


Specific Plan• Institutional Review

• Literature Review

• 22 Topics

• “Hard” Interface - Static

• Device Behavior - Dynamic

• Other Topics


Institutional Review“Who is Involved in Power Management Controls”

• Standards / Standards Committees (ISO/IEC)– Graphical Symbols for Use on Equipment– Indicator Lights– Others

• Labeling Programs (e.g. ENERGY STAR)• Trade Associations (e.g. ITIC)• Manufacturers• Technology Initiatives / Protocols


Literature Insights• Project Rationale• Existing Designs• Approach• Design Principles• Metaphor• Modes

General UI Lit. — not specific to power controls

• Interactions / Transitions

• Indicator Lights• Icons• Norman / Macintosh


Topics: High Priority, #1• Basic symbols and switches & buttons

• Basic indicators

• Changing power states

• Transition indicators

• Underlying archetype of power management behavior, including basic terms


Topics: High Priority, #2• Controlled and controlling devices• Remote indicators and controls• Composite devices and diversity of low-power modes• Power management ‘schemes’• Behavior based on wake event type• Linked behavior• Interactions with non-power modes


Topics: Medium / Low Priority

• Disability• Culture• Temporary changes• System status after

power failure• Terminology

• Language• Batteries• Role of the term

“ENERGY STAR”• Self-monitoring• Miscellaneous


“Hard” Interface Elements

• Terms• Symbols/Icons • Indicators• Operating Metaphors

Scope: Office Equipment (& Consumer Electronics)


Initial Recommendations• Three basic power states: On, Off, Sleep

• “Power” term (switch / indicator)

• Change the international standard symbols for on/off, standby, and sleep

• Green / Amber / Off for power indicators

• Sleep metaphor (and moon)


Three Basic States

On, Off, Sleep

• Within a state, device has consistent capability, behavior (e.g. state change)

• May have more states, but all mapped into forms of the basic three

• “Hibernate” problematic, but tentatively a form of Off


The Term “Power”• For indicators, switches/buttons

• Need standard translation

• Possible “international word” (voice)


Power Symbols• Drop as a symbol.

• Change meaning of from “Standby” to “Power”

• and too similar.

• Recommendation is most consistent with current usage on products.


Indicators• Use Green / Amber / Off for On / Sleep / Off

• Blinking only for transitions or non-power meanings

• Possible standard (optional) audio indications

• Cyberspace?


Sleep - Metaphor and Symbol

• “Sleep” is most compelling metaphor, and has clear extensions (e.g. “waking up”).

• is already common and seems clear


PC Sample State Diagram


Device Behavior(Dynamic)

• Taxonomy of device types

• User expectations

• Device feedback

• Consistency

• Remote controls, indicators


General Discussion• Process

• Recommendations


Budget• Project is on budget

– Slightly under budget at constant expenditure rate …

– ... but future time, travel will increase rate

• Project will be completed within budget

0

9,73617,569

47,844

68,822

91,798

105,304

118,130

129,251

139,028

156,342

167,763176,830

186,919

198,286204,735

0

188500

203000

217500

232000

35,637

159500

101500

130500

116000

145000

174000

87000

72500

58000

43500

29000

14500

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S

Actual CostsPlanned Costs

Power Management ControlsProject Expenses throughSeptember, 2001


Schedule• Project is on schedule

– All deliverables and milestones done

• Project will be completed on schedule


Deliverables & Milestones• All deliverables due to date have been delivered

– Kickoff Meeting, Institutional Review Research Findings Report, PAC members recommended and confirmed, Updated Project Plan, PAC meeting summary, Revised Project Plan, Critical Project Review

• Additional products/activities– Web-based outreach material, poster, literature review,

tentative recommendations, approaching international standards committees, initial work with Microsoft, Ease of Use Roundtable


Scope• Project is meeting original contract goals

and intent

• No changes are required

• Project principles should be extended to lighting, real-time price controls, and “smart” appliances


Miscellaneous• Can we assume this is the Critical Project

Review meeting originally scheduled for July, 2002?


Anything Else?

Overview—Research Status

Documents

Transcript of Overview—Research Status