Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can...

90
Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Treatments & Procedures MA 101 – Medical Terminology tutorial Resources Overview

Transcript of Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can...

Page 1: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Signs amp Symptoms

Diseases amp Disorders

Treatments amp Procedures

MA 101 ndash Medical Terminology tutorialResources

Overview

This tutorial is divided into four sections with each section containing itrsquos own table of contents

Click on the buttons at the bottom of the screen to access the table of contents for the section Then click on the term that you are interested in reviewing

On many but not all of the term pages an audio file will be executed when the page is displayed To replay the file click on the speaker icon located in the page text area

You will also find several other buttons that will assist in navigating and accessing additional information in this tutorial

Click on one of the buttons below the start your review

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Go to the previous screen Go to next page

Return to first page View movie clip or web site

To view this ldquoHow tordquo page

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Neonate Nulligravida Parturition Knowledge Builders

MenopauseMeconiumLochiaFetusEmbryoZygote

Multipara Primipara Nullipara Para Gravida Antepartum

MultigravidaPrimigravidaMenarchePerineumClitorisPerimetrium

Uterus Corpus Fimbriae Vaqina OvumOva Ovary

MyometriumFundusFallopian TubesEndometriumCervixAdnexa

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Collectively the fallopian tubes ovaries and supporting

ligaments are the adnexa(accessory structures) of the

uterus [6]

Adnexa(AN tee PAR tum)

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The lower narrow part of the uterus

Cervix(SER viks)

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The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

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The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

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The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

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The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

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A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

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The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

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The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

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The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

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Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

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Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

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The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

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A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

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The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

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From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

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A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

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A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

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A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

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Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

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The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

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The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

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  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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Page 2: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

This tutorial is divided into four sections with each section containing itrsquos own table of contents

Click on the buttons at the bottom of the screen to access the table of contents for the section Then click on the term that you are interested in reviewing

On many but not all of the term pages an audio file will be executed when the page is displayed To replay the file click on the speaker icon located in the page text area

You will also find several other buttons that will assist in navigating and accessing additional information in this tutorial

Click on one of the buttons below the start your review

Previous Home Help Next

Go to the previous screen Go to next page

Return to first page View movie clip or web site

To view this ldquoHow tordquo page

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Neonate Nulligravida Parturition Knowledge Builders

MenopauseMeconiumLochiaFetusEmbryoZygote

Multipara Primipara Nullipara Para Gravida Antepartum

MultigravidaPrimigravidaMenarchePerineumClitorisPerimetrium

Uterus Corpus Fimbriae Vaqina OvumOva Ovary

MyometriumFundusFallopian TubesEndometriumCervixAdnexa

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Collectively the fallopian tubes ovaries and supporting

ligaments are the adnexa(accessory structures) of the

uterus [6]

Adnexa(AN tee PAR tum)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The lower narrow part of the uterus

Cervix(SER viks)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 3: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Neonate Nulligravida Parturition Knowledge Builders

MenopauseMeconiumLochiaFetusEmbryoZygote

Multipara Primipara Nullipara Para Gravida Antepartum

MultigravidaPrimigravidaMenarchePerineumClitorisPerimetrium

Uterus Corpus Fimbriae Vaqina OvumOva Ovary

MyometriumFundusFallopian TubesEndometriumCervixAdnexa

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Collectively the fallopian tubes ovaries and supporting

ligaments are the adnexa(accessory structures) of the

uterus [6]

Adnexa(AN tee PAR tum)

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The lower narrow part of the uterus

Cervix(SER viks)

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The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

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The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

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The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

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The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

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A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

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The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

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The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

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The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

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Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

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Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

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The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

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A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

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The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

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From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

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A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

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A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

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A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

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A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

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A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

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A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

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A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

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The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

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Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

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The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

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The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

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The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Tutorials

Learn More

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Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

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Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

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Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

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Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

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A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

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Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

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Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

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Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

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Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

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A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

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Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

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  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 4: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Collectively the fallopian tubes ovaries and supporting

ligaments are the adnexa(accessory structures) of the

uterus [6]

Adnexa(AN tee PAR tum)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The lower narrow part of the uterus

Cervix(SER viks)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 5: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The lower narrow part of the uterus

Cervix(SER viks)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 6: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The inner vascular layer of the uterus which is the site of embryo implantation and

menses [2]

Endometrium(EHN doh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

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The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 7: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The paired narrow tubes that extend between each ovary and the uterus they are also

known as uterine (YOO ter in) tubes and oviducts (OH vih

ducts) [2]

Fallopian Tubes(fah LOH pee an)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 8: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The rounded upper portion of the uterus

Fundal height measured from the top of the pubic bone is

routinely measured in pregnancy to determine growth

rates [5]

Fundus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 9: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The muscular wall of the uterus

Myometrium(MY oh MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 10: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A hollow organ located in the pelvic cavity that is the site of

embryo implantation support of the fetus and menses [2]

Uterus(YOO ter uss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 11: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The central body of the uterus that receives the two fallopian

tubes [2]

Corpus

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 12: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The finger like ends of the fallopian tubes [2]

Fimbriae

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 13: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The tube-shaped organ between the uterus and the vulva also know as the birth

canal which opens to the uterus at the external os an to the

exterior at the vaginal orifice [2]

Vagina(vah JYE nah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 14: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Oocytes (egg cells) that mature within the ovarian follicles of the

ovaries [2]

Ovum = single egg cellOva = multiple egg cells

OvumOva

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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Page 15: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Paired female gonads located in the pelvic cavity which produce estrogens progesterone and ova [2]

Ovary(OH vah ree)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Resources
Page 16: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The outermost layer of the uterus which is composed of connective

tissue [2]

Perimetrium(pair ee MEE tree um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

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Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 17: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A small structure located at the anterior end of the vestibule

where the labia minora meet it includes a glans and internal erectile tissue similar to the

male penis [2]

Clitoris(KLIT oh riss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 18: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The area between the vulva and the anus [2]

Perineum(pair ih NEE um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 19: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

From both social and medical perspectives it is often considered the central event of female puberty as it

signals the possibility of fertility Timing of menarche is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors

especially nutritional status The average age of menarche in the United States is

about 12 years and 5 months [5]

Menarche(men AHR kee)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 20: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has never been pregnant

Nulligravida(null ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 21: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman who has been previously pregnant one or more

times

Multigravida(MULL tee GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
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Page 22: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead

Multipara(mull TIP ah rah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
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  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 23: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to one infant either alive or

dead [2]

Primipara(preem IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 24: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has not given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Nullipara(null IP ah rah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 25: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman who has given birth to an infant either alive or dead [2]

Para(PAIR ah)

Source National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health amp Human Development

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 26: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A pregnant woman

Gravida(GRAV ih dah)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Resources
Page 27: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

A woman in her first pregnancy (primindash means first) Gravida also is used

to designate a pregnant woman often followed by a number to indicate the

number of pregnancies [6]

Therefore the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G2P2 A woman who had

4 pregnancies one of which was miscarried is noted as G4P3A1

Primigravida(preem ih GRAV ih dah)

Source ClipArtcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Resources
Page 28: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Occurring before childbirth

Antepartum testing consists of a variety of tests performed late in

pregnancy to verify fetal well-being as judged by the babys heart rate and

other characteristics Antepartum tests include the nonstress test (NST)

biophysical profile and contraction stress test (CST) [14]

Antepartum(AN tee PAR tum)

Source wwwtateorguk

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 29: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The cell resulting from the union of a male sperm with a

female ovum [2]

Zygote(ZIGH goht)

Source Merck Manual of Medical Information Home Edition

Web Resource

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 30: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the second day after conception until

the eighth week [2]

The picture to the left shows the formation of the chorionic sac Within the sac the embryo its amniotic sac and yolk sacs are

suspended by the connecting stalk

Embryo(EM bree oh)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 31: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The developing human from the eighth week after conception to

the moment of birth [2]

As the 85 week drawing at left displays the embryo now

resembles a human

Fetus(FEE tuss)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 32: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

Vaginal discharge that normally follows childbirth [2]

Lochia(LOH kee ah)

Source Soothae httpouvxzcom

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 33: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The first stool of a newborn which is usually a greenish-black

semisolid [2]

Meconium(meh KOH nee um)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 34: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The period between birth and 28 days of life Abbreviated NB (for

newborn) [2]

Neonate(NEE oh nayt)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 35: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The event of childbirth categorized in 3 stages of labor The first stage accomplishes the shortening and then the dilation of the cervix It is deemed to have started when the cervix is 3 cm long and ends with full dilation Contractions begin in the first stage of labor although they may be irregular and sporadic at first The second stage often called the pushing stage starts when the cervix is fully dilated and ends with the expulsion of the fetus In the third stage the placenta detaches from the

uterine wall and is expelled through the birth canal [5]

Parturition(par too RISH un)

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 36: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Previous Home Help Next

The permanent cessation of menses This is a natural

biological process not a medical illness Even so the physical and

emotional symptoms of menopause can disrupt sleep sap

energy and mdash at least indirectly mdash trigger feelings of sadness and

loss [15]

Menopause(MEN oh pawz)

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 37: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

bull The Ovarian amp Uterine Cycles ndash animation developed by SinauerAssociates

bull Conception to Birth ndash based on the book ldquofrom Conception to Birthrdquo this website showcases some of the images of the developing embryo and fetus through the nine months of pregnancy

bull The Menstrual Cycle ndash interactive developed by MSNBCbull Vaginal Birth Tutorial ndash developed by the National Library of

Medicine

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tutorials

Learn More

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 38: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Dystocia Gynecomastia Hydrosalpinx

HyperemesisGravidarum Hypermastia Hypomastia Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia

Metrorrhagia Oligomenorrhea Polyhydramnios

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 39: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Absence of menstrual discharge Also called menostasis (men oh STAY siss) [2]

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of the menstrual period by the age of 16

Treatment of amenorrhea may range from hormonal supplementation for

developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system to surgery for tumors

of the pituitary [3]

(ah MEN oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 40: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal cramping of the lower abdomen caused

by hormone-induced uterine contractions before the period Secondary

dysmenorrhea may be caused by abnormal conditions such as

endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease Unless one of these potentially

serious conditions is present the treatment for painful periods is pain

relief [13]

(DISS men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 41: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

An abnormal or difficult birth or labor Dystocia may arise due to incoordinate

uterine activity abnormal fetal lie or presentation or absolute or relative

cephalopelvic disproportion [5]

The drawing to the right demonstrates the McRoberts maneuver for releiving

shoulder dystocia

(diss TOH see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 42: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male It often occurs with

puberty or aging or the condition can be drug related [6]

The image to the right shows an obese teenage male with

Gynecomastia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia Commons

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 43: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Water accumulation in a fallopian tube

(HIGH droh SAL pinks)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 44: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Severe nausea and emesis (vomiting) during pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in

the mother and fetus [2]

(HIGH per EM eh siss grav ih DAR ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 45: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Excessive enlargement of mammary glands [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 46: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Abnormal smallness of the female breasts underdevelopment of the female mammary-glands usually

resulting from low levels of estrogenic hormones [11]

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 47: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Irregular or excessive bleeding between menstrual periods It can

occur due to any of several causes including hormonal

imbalance endometriosis uterine fibroids or cancer It can lead to

anemia in long-standing cases[5]

(MEN oh METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 48: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods Fibroids are a leading cause of this condition [6]

The image to the right notes locations of uterine fibroids

(leiomyomas)

(men oh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 49: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than during normal

menstruation [2]

Possible causes include ectopic pregnancy cervical polyps and ovarian and uterine tumors [6]

(METT roh RAY jee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source AllRefercom

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 50: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Abnormally reduced discharge during menstruation [2]

(ALL ih goh men oh REE ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 51: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Excessive amniotic fluid

Polyhydramnios may occur when a fetus cannot swallow a normal

amount of amniotic fluid due to a gastrointestinal neurological or

other problem

(PALL ee high DRAM nee ohs)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 52: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

CervicitisCervical

Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Cervical Effacement

CephalopelvicDisproportion

AbruptioPlacentaeAbortion

Dyspareunia Eclampsia Ectopic Pregnancy Endometriosis Endometritis Erythroblastosis

Fetalis

Placenta PreviaMicrocephalyMastitisMacrosomiaHysterorrhexisFistula

Preeclampsia Prolapsed Uterus Salpingitis Vaginitis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 53: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Termination of pregnancy by expulsion of the embryo or fetus

from the uterus A natural expulsion is also called a miscarriage or

spontaneous abortion (SAB) and an abortion induced by surgery or drugs is called a therapeutic

abortion (TAB) [2]

Abortion(ah BOR shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 54: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

resulting in either premature birth or fetal death [2]

Abruptio Placentae(ah BRUP shee oh plah SEN tee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 55: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Cephalopelvic Disproportion (CPD) is when a babies head or body is too

large to fit through the motherrsquos pelvis It is believed that true CPD is rare but

many cases of ldquofailure to progressrdquo during labor is given a diagnosis of

CPD When an accurate diagnosis of CPD has been made the safest type of

delivery for mother and baby is a cesarean delivery [12]

CephalopelvicDisproportion

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 56: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Progressive obliteration of the cervical canal during labor

Cervical Effacement(SER vih kal ee FAYS ment)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sou

rce

Uni

vers

ity o

f Uta

h M

edic

al L

ibra

ry

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 57: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Abnormal but precancerous lesions

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 58: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Inflammation of the cervix

Cervicitis(SER vih SIGH tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 59: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Difficult or painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia(DISS pah ROO nee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 60: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma

during pregnancy which may follow preeclampsia [2]

Eclampsia(eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source D

epartment of H

ealth amp H

uman S

ervices

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 61: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A pregnancy occurring outside of the uterus

An ectopic pregnancy may occur in any of the locations shown in the image to

the left Interstitial pregnancy is the most common with implantation

occurring near the union of a fallopian tube and uterus [2]

Ectopic Pregnancy(ek TOP ik PREG nan see)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 62: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

An abnormal condition of the endometrium (of the uterus) in

which endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity

including on the fallopian tubes uterus and ovaries [2]

Endometriosis(EHN doh mee tree OH siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 63: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Inflammation of the endometrium (of the uterus)

Endometritis(EHN doh meh TRY tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 64: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A condition of newborns in which red blood cells are destroyed (by

hemolysis) due to an incompatibility between the motherrsquos blood and babyrsquos blood occurring when the mother is Rh negative and has

previously had an Rh positive child and making subsequent Rh positive

children susceptible [2]

ErythroblastosisFetalis

(eh RITH roh blass TOH siss fee TAL iss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

(a) The condition occurs with an Rh-positive father and RH-negative mother(b) 1st pregnancy with an RH-positive fetus stimulates the motherrsquos blood to form

antibodies against the fetal blood(c) As the placenta separates during birth the mother is further exposed to the Rh-

positive blood(d) The mother carries antibodies against the Rh-positive blood(e) In a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive fetus the motherrsquos antibodies

attack the blood of the fetus

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 65: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A fistula is an abnormal connection between an organ vessel or intestine and another organ vessel or intestine or the skin Fistulas can be thought of as tubes connecting internal tubular

structures such as arteries veins or intestine to one another or to the skin Fistulas are usually the result of trauma

or surgery but can also result from infection or inflammation

Fistula(FISS tyoo lah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 66: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Rupture of the uterus

Hysterorrhexis(HISS ter oh REK siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 67: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A term used to describe an oversized fetus The most common cause of macrosomia is maternal diabetes Macrosomia can lead to trauma during birth and a greater

chance of a cesarean delivery

Macrosomia

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Aurora Health Care

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Resources
Page 68: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Inflammation of the breast

Mastitis(mass TYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 69: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

a neurological disorder in which the circumference of the head is significantly smaller than average for the persons age

and sex Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life The disorder may stem from a wide variety of conditions that cause abnormal growth of

the brain or from syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities [5]

The picture to the left shows a 17 year old boy with microcephaly surrounded by his

classmates

Microcephaly(MY kroh SEFF ah lee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Wikimedia photo published under the GNU Free Documentation License

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 70: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Abnormal attachment of the placenta in which it implants in the

lower segment of the uterus near or obstructing the external os [2]

Placenta Previa(plah SEN tah PREH vee ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 71: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

An abnormal development of high blood pressure that may

be accompanied with proteinuria and edema all due to toxemia during pregnancy Also known as pregnancy-

induced hypertension or PIH [2]

Preeclampsia(pree eh KLAMP see ah)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 72: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

The abnormal drop of the uterus into the vagina representing the most

common type of uterine displacement It is usually caused by weakened

uterine ligaments A severely prolapsed uterus may extend through

the vaginal orifice [2]

Prolapsed Uterus(PRO lapsd)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 73: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Infection and inflammation of the fallopian tube(s) There are two types Acute salpingitis and chronic salpingitis

Acute salpingitis causes the fallopian types to become red and swollen The inner

walls get adhered to each other causing a block in the tube

In contrast the chronic salpingitis is milder showing lesser symptoms It often comes

after an attack of acute salpingitis and lasts longer than the former [5]

Salpingitis(sal pin JYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 74: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Inflammation of the vagina which is also known as colpitis (kol PYE tiss) In a common form known as atrophic vaginitis (ay TROH fik

vaj ih NYE tiss) the usual symptoms of redness and swelling are accompanied by

thinning of the vaginal wall and loss of moisture usually due to a depletion of

estrogens

In the chronic form of vaginitis fibrous cords develop that may occlude the opening and

produce pain during intercourse and menstruation The view to the left is through a

vaginal speculum [2]

Vaginitis(vaj ih NYE tiss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 75: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Tubal LigationTocolytic AgentSalpingo -oophorectomy

PapanicolaouSmear

MastectomyMammographyHysterectomyEpisiotomyEpisiorrhaphy

Dilation and Curettage

(DampC)ColposcopyColporrhaphyCesarean

SectionAmniocentesis

Home Help

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 76: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Surgical puncture through the amnion and aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for the

purpose of analyzing the fluid for possible fetal abnormalities [2]

Amniocentesis(AM nee oh sehn TEE siss)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 77: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus

Abbreviated C-section [2]

Cesarean Section(she ZAIR ee an SEK shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 78: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

The surgical repair of a defect in the vaginal wall including a cystocele (when the bladder

protrudes into the vagina) and a rectocele (when the rectum protrudes into the vagina)

Colporrhaphy(kohl POR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 79: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Endoscopic examination of the vagina and cervix using a modified

endoscope called a coloscope(KOHL poh skope) [2]

Colposcopy is used to evaluate a patient with an abnormal Pap smear For this examination the woman lies in the dorsal lithotomy position [6]

Colposcopy(kohl POSS koh pee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 80: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium in order to control bleeding

obtain a tissue sample for biopsy or remove polyps [2]

Dilation amp Curettage (DampC)(dye LAY shun and koo reh TAZH)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 81: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Suture of the vulva to correct a tear [2]

Episiorrhaphy(eh PIX ee OR ah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 82: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Incision of the vulva and perineum to prevent tearing

during childbirth [2]

Episiotomy(eh PIZ ee OT ah mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 83: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Excision of the uterus which may include surrounding structures Also

called uterectomy (YOO the REK toh mee) [2]

Alternative forms of surgeries involving the uterus ovaries and fallopian tubes are noted in the

image to the left The dotted lines indicate excision

Hysterectomy(HISS the REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 84: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

X-ray procedure that produces an x-ray image of the breast

called a mammogram (MAM mohgram) [2]

Mammography(mam OG rah fee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source U

nlocking Medical Term

inology p 621

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 85: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Excision of a breast In a simple mastectomy on e entire breast is

removed leaving underlying muscles and lymph nodes intact A radical mastectomy (also called Halstead mastectomy) is the removal of the

entire affected breast the underlying chest muscles and local lymph nodes

A modified radical mastectomy is removal of the affected breast and

lymph nodes of the underarm leaving muscle intact [2]

Mastectomy(mass TEK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 86: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A diagnostic procedure in which a sample of cells from the cervix and vagina are removed and examined microscopically for abnormalities Mainly used to screen for cervical cancer Also called Pap smear or

Pap test [2]

The image to the left notes how cells of the cervix (center) change in appearance as they progress

through the various stages of cervical cancer

Papanicolaou Smear(pap an IK oh law)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 87: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Excision of a fallopian tube and an ovary usually from the same

side [2]

Salpingo-oophorectomy

(sal ping goh oh OFF oh REK toh mee)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 88: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

A drug used to stop labor contractions [2]

Tocolytic Agent(toh koh LIT ik)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
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  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Resources
Page 89: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

Sterilization procedure by ligating(cutting amp tying) the fallopian tubes

As the figure to the left demonstrates a laparoscopic surgery may be used to enter the abdominal cavity through a small incision cut the fallopian tubes

and ligate (tie off) [2]

Tubal Ligation(TOO bal lye GAY shun)

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

Source Unlocking Medical Terminology p 624

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
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  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources
Page 90: Overview Signs & Symptoms Diseases & Disorders Designs/female_reproductive.pdf · menopause can disrupt sleep, sap energy and — at least indirectly — trigger feelings of sadness

1 Centers for Disease Control amp Prevention (httpphilcdcgovphilhomeasp)

2 Unlocking Medical Terminology by Bruce Wingerd

3 Medline Plus

4 Wikimedia Commons (httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiMain_Page)

5 Wikipedia (httpenwikipediaorg)

6 The Language of Medicine by Davi-Ellen Chabner

7 American Heritage Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

8 Intel Health (httpwwwintelihealthcom)

9 Medicalook (httpwwwmedicalookcom)

10 Taberrsquos Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary

11 Stedmanrsquos Medical Dictionary

12 American Pregnancy Association

13 New York Times Health Guide

14 Health A to Z

15 Mayo Cliniccom

Previous Home Help Next

Overview Signs amp Symptoms Diseases amp Disorders Treatments

  • Slide Number 1
  • How to Use the Tutorial
  • Overview ndash Root Terms
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Female Reproductive System
  • Overview ndash Knowledge builders
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Signs amp Symptoms
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
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  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Diseases amp Disorders
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Treatments amp Procedures
  • Resources