Overview on CDM
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Transcript of Overview on CDM
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Overview on CDMOverview on CDM
By Ann Gordon
Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment
14th July 2011
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Overview on CDMOverview on CDM
ContentsUnited Nations Framework
Convention on Climate ChangeKyoto Protocol to the UNFCCCAnnex I targetsThe Kyoto Mechanisms
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United Nations Framework United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)(UNFCCC)
Ultimate Objective: “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system…within a timeframe sufficient to allow eco-systems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.”
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UNFCCC- Developed UNFCCC- Developed CountriesCountriesCommitment - To return
individually or jointly to their 1990 levels of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2000
However, their emissions continue to rise
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UNFCCC UNFCCC Belize signed in 1992Belize ratified in 1994Convention came into force on 21
March 1994At COP 1 (1995) the Ad hoc Group
on the Berlin Mandate (AWG-BM) was established to draft an agreement to strengthen developed country commitments
8 negotiating sessions culminating in the Kyoto Protocol at COP 3 in 1997
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Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
Parties included in Annex I (developed countries) shall reduce their overall emissions of GHGs by at least 5% below their 1990 levels in the 2008-2012 commitment period
Came into effect on 16 February 2005 when 50 Parties representing 55% of global GHG emissions ratified◦US withdrew
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Greenhouse Gases (GHG)Greenhouse Gases (GHG)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)Methane (CH4)Nitrous oxide (N2O)Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
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Sectors/Source CategoriesSectors/Source Categories
EnergyForestryIndustrial ProcessesAgricultureWasteSolvent and other product use
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Quantified Emission TargetsQuantified Emission TargetsParty Quantified emission
limitation and reduction commitment
EU-15 -8%
United States -7%
Poland, Canada, Japan, Hungary
-6%
Croatia -5%
New Zealand, Russian Federation
0%
Norway +1%
Australia +8%
Iceland +10%
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The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete steps to curb GHG emissions
How Annex I countries meet How Annex I countries meet Kyoto commitmentKyoto commitment
Targeted GHG Reductions
Annex I countries
Domestic Actions
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The Kyoto Protocol is the first concrete steps to curb GHG emissions
How Annex I countries meet How Annex I countries meet Kyoto commitmentKyoto commitment
Targeted GHG Reductions
Annex I countries
Domestic Actions
Flexible Kyoto Mechanisms
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KYOTO MECHANISMS
Article 6: Joint
Implementation
Article 12: Clean
Development Mechanism
Article 17: Emission Trading
Partnership:Annex I + Annex
I
Partnership:Annex I + Annex
I
Partnership:Annex I + non-Annex I
ERUs CERs AAUs
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Clean Development Clean Development MechanismMechanism
Annex I Countries
Non-Annex I Countries
Financial Investments
Developing countries
Industrialized Countries
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Clean Development Clean Development MechanismMechanism
Annex I Countries
Non-Annex I Countries
Financial Investments
Technology Transfer
Developing countries
Industrialized Countries
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What makes projects eligible for What makes projects eligible for CDMCDM
Baseline-What would happen in the absence of the Project
Emission Reduction
Project Emission
Baseline Emission
CERs
GHG Emissions
Year
Without CDM
With CDM
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What makes projects eligible for What makes projects eligible for CDMCDM
CERs = Emission ReductionEmission Reduction = Baseline Emission – Project Emission-Leakage
Baseline-What would happen in the absence of the Project
Emission Reduction
Project Emission
Baseline Emission
CERs
GHG Emissions
Year
Without CDM
With CDM
Revenues from CERs
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The CDM is supervised by the Executive BoardThe Executive Board is composed of 10
members , including one from each of the 5 official UN regions, one from the SIDS, and 2 each from AI and NAI
The EB accredits operational entitiesThe EB maintains a CDM registry
-issue new CERs-manage an account for CERs levied
adaptation and administrative expenses-maintain a CER account for each NAI
hosting a CDM project
International Structure for International Structure for CDMCDM
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