OVERVIEW of VEGETATION, DYNAMICS, DISTURBANCE and RECOVERY ... · PDF fileNATALIYA MOSKALENKO...
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Transcript of OVERVIEW of VEGETATION, DYNAMICS, DISTURBANCE and RECOVERY ... · PDF fileNATALIYA MOSKALENKO...
NATALIYA MOSKALENKO [email protected] Cryosphere Institute SB RAS
OVERVIEW of VEGETATION, DYNAMICS,DISTURBANCE and RECOVERYRECOVERY STUDIES
in the NADYM and YAMAl AREAS
YAMAL PLANT COMMUNITY MAP
Marre-Sale grid
SUBZONE D
.
Map unit Description Communities
Zone B
9 Moist acidic
moss-sedge tundra
Aulacomnium turgidum -
Carex arctisibirica
15 Wet acidic moss -
sedge mire
Calliergon sarmentosum -
Carex stans+Eriophorum
polystachion
Zone C
24 Dry acidic
prostrate dwarf
shru b-sedge -
lichen tundra
Salix nummularia -Carex
arctisibirica -Alectoria
ochroleuca
Cetraria cucullata -
Hierochloe alpina
27 Moist acidic
sedge -moss tundra
Carex arctisibirica -
Aulacomnium turgidum
32 Moist nonacidic
and acidic
prostrate dwarf
shrub -sedge -
moss tundra
Dryas subincisa+Salix
polaris -Carex arctisibirica -
Dicranum elongatum
33 Wet acidic
sedge -grass-
moss mire
Carex stans -Calliergon
sarmentosum+Drepano -
cladus exannulatus
Carex stans+Eriophorum
polystachion -Calliergon
sarmentosum+Sphagnum
squarrosum
35 Wet saline grass -
sedge meadows
Puccinellia phryganodes -
Carex subspathacea
38 Riparian acidic
sedge -moss bogs
and willow -forb
shrublands
Carex stans + Eriophorum
polystachion -Calliergon
sarmentosum
Salix glauca -Pedicularis
sudetica
Zone D
43 Dry acidic
dwarf shrub -
lichen tundra
Salix nummularia
+Dryas subincisa -
Cetraria cucullata
44 Dry acidic
dwarf shrub -
moss -lichen
tundra
Ledum decumbens -
Vaccinium minus -
Cetraria cucullata +
Racomitrium
lanuginosum
50 Moist acidic
dwarf shrub -
sedge-moss
tundra
Betula nana -Carex
arctisibirica -Dicranum
congestum+
Aulacomnium
turgidum
Eriophorum
vaginatum -Sphagnum
lenense 58 Moist
nonacidic
prostrate
dwarf shrub -
low shrub -
forb -moss
tundra
Dryas punctata -
Saxifraga nels oniana -
Dicranum congestum
Salix glauca+Salix
lanata -Petasites
frigidus -Aulacomnium
palustre
65 Wet acidic
sedge-dwarf
shrub -moss
mire
Carex aquatilis -
Drepanocladus
exannulatus+D. fluitans
Ledum decumbens -
Carex stans -Sphagnum
lenense 69 Riparian
acidic sedge-
moss mire
and low
shrub -sedge-
moss tundra
Carex stans -
Drepanocladus
revolvens -Meesia
triquerta
Salix lanata+Salix
glauca -Carex stans -
Aulacomnium turgidum
+ Tomentypnum nitens
Zone E
76 Dry acidic
dwarf shrub -
sedge -lichen -
moss tundra
Ledum decumbens -
Vaccinium vitis -
idaea+Empetrum
subholarcticum -Cladina
mitis
Dryas subincisa -Carex
arctisibirica -Cladina
rangiferina+Racomitriu
m lanuginosum
78 Dry
nonacidic low
shrub -
prostrate
dwarf shrub -
forb-lichen -
moss tundra
Dryas subincisa
+Diapensia lapponica -
Pedicularis sudetica -
Alectoria ochroleuca +
Racomitrium
lanuginosum
Salix glauca+S. lanata -
Petasites frigidus -
Aulacomnium palustre
82 Moist acidic
dwarf shrub -
sedge -moss -
lichen tu ndra
Betula nana+Salix
pulchra -Aulacomnium
turgidum+Dicranum
elongatum+Cladina
\stellaris
Eriophorum vaginatum
- Sphagnum balticum 83 Moist acidic
dwarf shrub -
low shrub -
forb-moss -
lichen tundra
Betula nana -Dryas
punctata - Aulacomnium
turgidum+Cladina
stellaris
Salix lanata -Vaccinium
microphyllum -
Polemonium
acutiflorum -
Aulacomnium palustre
94 Wet acidic
low shrub -
dwarf shrub -
sedge-forb-
moss-lichen
mire
Salix lapponum -Betula
nana-Carex aquatilis -
Calliergon stramineum+
Sphagnum lindbergii
Ledum palustre+
Eriophorum vaginatum -
Rubus chamaemorus -
Sphagnum fuscum+
Cladina stellaris
LEGEND OF PLANT COMMUNITY MAP
Polygonal bog on Yamal Polygonal bog on Yamal
Ledum palustre
Cladina stellaris
Cladina stellaris
Cetraria nivalis
Cetraria nivalis
Map unit Map unit
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
B
9
15
Map unit
Frequency,
%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
C
Map unit
Frequency, %
24
27
323833 35
0
10
20
30
40
50
D Frequency,
%
43
44
50
58 65 69
0
10
20
30
E Frequency,
%
7678 82
83 94 101
Frequency of plant communities in Yamal subzones
Interactions between plant communities andsoil moisture andpermafrost temperature.
MAP UNITS
Permafrost temperature(T),0C
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
W
T
Moisture content (W), mm
434450586569
Vegetationmap ofNadymregion
Plant communities
Forest: 1 - birch-larch and birch -pine shrub -lichen sparse forests on dry gentle sandy sites; 5 - larch sedge -shrub -
moss open woodland with hummocky microrelief on slightly drained sites; 6 - spruce -larch shrub -lichen -green moss forests on dry sites of plains, composed by clay; 7 - spruce -larch shrub -moss sparse forests and open woodland on
slightly drained sites, composed by clay with hummocky microrelief and small active layer thickness; 9 - spruce -
birch-larch shrub -sedge -moss forest s on flood plains; 10 - spruce -larch sedge -shrub -peat moss open wood on flat
boggy flood plains with hummocks; 11 - sands, deprived the vegetation cover on disturbed sites; 14 – cedar -birch
forb-shrub forests on flood plains ; 15 – cedar -birch grass-shrub -moss forests on flood plains ; 17 – settlements on
early forestry sites.
Meadows: 33 – forb – grass; 36 – spits and beaches with fragments of meadow vegetation.
Mires: 37 - sedge -moss mires; 38 - shrub -sedge -peat moss hummocky bogs with lenses of frozen g rounds.
Peatlands: 43 - flat cloudberry -shrub lichen -moss and moss -lichen peatlands with sedge -moss pools; 45 - peatlands
with sedge -shrub -moss-lichen cover on palsa and sedge -peat moss - on pools between palsa.
Red lines – linear and area disturbances.
LEGEND OF NADYM VEGETATION MAP
Flat peatland before disturbance
Flat peatland in 30 years afterdisturbance
FREQUENCY OF LEDUM IN NATURAL (1)
AND DISTURBED (2) CONDITIONSy = -0,0232x
2 + 92,865x - 92952
R2 = 0,8001
y = -0,1072x2 + 426,36x - 423754
R2 = 0,572
0
20
40
60
80
100
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YEARS
%1
2
THAWING INDEX ( 0
C.month) OF
AIR TEMPERATURES
y = -0,0075x2 + 30,093x - 30085
R2 = 0,1915
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 YEARS
T, 0_
SUMMER PRECIPITATION
y = 0,1301x2 - 516,06x + 511946
R2 = 0,0521
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YEARS
Pre
cip
itati
on
s,m
m
Flat peatland
Ledum palustre
_
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
1
%
_
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
%
1
0
10
20
30
40
%
III
1
0
10
20
30
40
50% IY
1
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0%
Y
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
%
YI
1
0
10
20
30
40
50% II
1
0
20
40
60
80
%
I
___ __ ___ ___ ________ ___
_______ ___
Frequency of plant growth forms within flatpeatland in subzone D.
I – not disturbed, II – in the year of disturbance, III – 3 years after disturbance,IY – 6 years after disturbance, Y – 8 years after disturbance, YI – 18 yearsafter disturbance. 1 - Chamaephytes, 2 – hemicryptophytes, 3 – cryptophytes.
11 2 31 2 3
_
0
5
1 0
1 5
2 0
2 5
3 0
3 5
4 0
4 5
5 0
1
%
_
0
10
20
30
40
50
1
%
1
0
10
20
30
40
%
III
1
0
10
20
30
40
50% IY
1
0
1 0
2 0
3 0
4 0
5 0%Y
1
0
10
20
30
40
50
%
YI
1
0
10
20
30
40
50% II
1
0
20
40
60
80
%I
___ __ ___ ___ ________ ___
_______ ___
Frequency of plant growth forms within flatpeatland in typical tundra (subzone D)
I – not disturbed, II – in the year of disturbance, III – 3 years after disturbance,IY – 6 years after disturbance, Y – 8 years after disturbance, YI – 18 yearsafter disturbance. 1 - Chamaephytes, 2 – hemicryptophytes, 3 – cryptophytes.
11 2 31 2 3
Aboveground plant biomass ofhummocky tundra in natural (a) and
disturbed (b) conditions (Nadym site)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350g/m2
1 2 3 4
species a b
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600g/m2
1 2 3
species a b
Vascular plants1- Ledum palustre, 2 – Betulanana, 3 -Vaccinium vitis-idaea,4 – Carex globularis
Lichens and mosses1 – Cladina, 2 – Sphagnum,3 - Polytrichum
Autocorrelation coefficient (А)for Polytrichum commune and
air temperature (В)•
•
B
Vegetation horizontal structure of frost moundin natural (A) and disturbed (B) conditions
Microrelief:- Flat surface- dishes- hummocks
• Microrelief:• - hummocks• - peat hummocks• - sandy surface• - tussocks• - water
- вода- вода
If you need more informtion on this - please specify.
A B
Температура почвы наглубине 20 см.
Ненарушенный бугорпучения (А).
Нарушенный бугорпучения (Б)
Frost mound before disturbanceSoil temperature (0C)at the depth 20 cm
Frost mound after disturbance
А
B
А
B
•
Active layer and frequency of indicator species on Parisento station
Active layer thickness, cm (1992)
Rubus chamaemorus (frequency,%)
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
Alectoria (frequency, %)
Eriophorum vaginatum (frequency,%)
Sphaerophorus globosus (frequency,%)
Cetraria nivalis (frequency,%)
Active -layer and frequency of indicator species in subzone D.
Rate of vegetation recovery after disturbanceRate of vegetation recovery
Flat plainsFast (80-100%)
Slow (60-80%)
Very slow (30-50%)
Hilly plains
Slow Fast
Veryslow
hills ravines
Fast
Veryslow
Slow
SUMMARY
•• Vegetation of West Siberia North finds out essential floristic and physiognomyVegetation of West Siberia North finds out essential floristic and physiognomydifferences caused by geological and climatic features of this region. Only mire anddifferences caused by geological and climatic features of this region. Only mire andhalophyte plant communities in different halophyte plant communities in different subzonessubzones find out significant similarity. find out significant similarity.
•• The analysis of the compiled vegetation maps has allowed studding spatialThe analysis of the compiled vegetation maps has allowed studding spatialstructure of vegetation at different levels of research - from regional up to local.structure of vegetation at different levels of research - from regional up to local.
•• Repeated mapping has enabled to investigate vegetation dynamics under impact Repeated mapping has enabled to investigate vegetation dynamics under impactof anthropogenic factor.of anthropogenic factor.
•• The ecological factors determining development of plant communities are revealedThe ecological factors determining development of plant communities are revealedon materials of long-term stationary observations , and also revealed theon materials of long-term stationary observations , and also revealed theparameters describing changes of vegetation as a result of climatic changes andparameters describing changes of vegetation as a result of climatic changes andanthropogenic impact (species structure, coverage, frequency, biomass).anthropogenic impact (species structure, coverage, frequency, biomass).
•• The water and thermal regime of soil are the main environmental factors inThe water and thermal regime of soil are the main environmental factors indevelopment of West Siberia plant communities.development of West Siberia plant communities.
•• Studying interactions of different ecosystem components has allowed revealingStudying interactions of different ecosystem components has allowed revealinggeobotanicalgeobotanical indicators of seasonal thaw depths. indicators of seasonal thaw depths.
..
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