Overview of USDA Role in Equine Health...Equine Disease Forum 2016 Overview of USDA Role in Equine...

Equine Disease Forum 2016

Overview of USDA

Role in Equine Health Rory O. Carolan, DVM

Equine Health Team, Lead Surveillance Preparedness & Response

Veterinary Services USDA

Riverdale, Maryland

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The USDA has extensive expertise, infrastructure, planning and cooperation in place to help protect the health of our equine population. My guess is this system for protecting equine health is much more extensive than you imagine. Most of them are largely invisible and operate outside the limelight. There are a great number of dedicated hard working folks actually devoting their lives to this mission. It is not sexy and rarely dramatic. But that lack of visibility belies its importance. Horses have historically and continue to lack regulations regarding disease control and the species. This has been in direct contrast to other species used for food or fiber. Funding has historically come through those regulations and disease programs. I firmly believe the industry gets tremendous “bang for the buck” if you will and benefits greatly exceed what most members of the industry realize. That said, we are no longer organized and funded by disease programs and that re-org represents a significant opportunity for industry input. So I think it is important that you have some idea of what does go on behind the scenes and that you have some appreciation for what it takes to accomplish this mission. My hope is to expose you, however briefly, to how the system works.


A study commissioned by the American Horse Council in 2004 reported 9.2 million horses in the United States with $39 billion in direct economic impact. In 2012, Kentucky’s equine industry had a statewide economic impact of almost $3 billion and generated 40,665 jobs. Global trade in horses in 2014 was approximately $2.4 billion and the value of horses exported by the United States totaled $456 million, which puts the U.S. as the world’s leader in exports by value The value of U.S., live, exported equines exceeds the value of cattle, swine, sheep & goats combined and is double the value of all exported live poultry.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Perhaps our most important mission is keeping disease out of the country. My colleague Ellen Buck will fill you in on the Import/Export role directly following this presentation.


Very limited regulations regarding control of equine diseases compared to other livestock. Yet there have been some very costly and impactful disease outbreaks – Industry or State Animal Health authorities have requested USDA help in their management. USDA support and infrastructure is often less visible to the equine industry, but no less important.


USDA supports State and industry responses to equine disease incidents by providing: • Coordination among States • Disease-specific technical guidance • Epidemiological expertise • Database maintenance • Diagnostic assistance • Approval for biologics, including vaccines

USDA creates reports and information to inform Stakeholders about disease or disease outbreaks.


USDA’s support or response is coordinated by the Equine Health Team working closely with USDA District or field offices and staff Surveillance, Preparedness & Response Equine Activities Respond to equine health incidents Conduct epidemiological investigations, provide timely and accurate tracing and information Equine disease monitoring and surveillance Equine specific health planning

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Angela is going to give you an entire presentation on disease response later this morning.


Disease response can only be accomplished an extensive:

Animal Health Infrastructure District/Field Staff

National Veterinary Services Laboratories Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health

Center for Veterinary Biologics Agricultural Research Service

Veterinary Accreditation One Health

Animal Disease Traceability National Preparedness and Incident Coordination

National Veterinary Stockpile Investigation and Enforcement Services


National Veterinary Services Laboratories

• International (OIE) & National Reference Lab • Diagnostics

o Clinical o Surveillance o Import/Export

• Foreign Animal Disease investigations • Laboratory Approvals • Provide consultation & support expertise • Maintain an EIA + herd

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Internationally recognized, highly qualified national and international reference lab for many equine diseases, including diseases not present in the USA. International: EIA, Arbovirus’, CEM, Lepto National: AHS, Glanders, Piro, Dourine Lab Approval: EIA (500), CEM, VSV, EVA, Piro VS reports test results within one day to meet the 42-hour quarantine target for equine import testing. FY2015, NVSL ran approximately 11,000 piroplasmosis cELISAs, 11,000 each dourine and glanders CFTs and 7,000 piroplasmosis CFTs after adding that test to the import requirements. NVSL also ran 1500 CEM CF tests for importation in FY2015. EIA + herd for test validation, training, lab certification I’ll let Ellen Buck tell you about the great job NVSL does in import testing.


National Animal Health Laboratory Network

• Strategy to coordinate national animal disease surveillance & testing

• Expanded laboratory infrastructure

• Activated in large scale outbreaks – thousands of samples

• State/University/Federal cooperation & communication


Presenter

Presentation Notes

7 possible for VSV


Center for Epidemiology & Animal Health

• strengthen animal health infrastructure • timely and accurate information and analysis • surveillance, monitoring, risk analysis, spatial epidemiology,

and modeling • Monitoring & Modeling Group • Surveillance Design & Analysis Group • Risk Identification & Assessment Group

• National Animal Health Reporting System • National List of Reportable Animal Diseases

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Infrastructure both nationally & internationally Information on animal health and veterinary public health The NAHSS will establish and maintain a surveillance system capable of detecting and surveying foreign and emerging diseases rapidly. The system also will evaluate and enhance surveillance for current eradication and disease control programs. Finally, it will monitor disease trends and threats in the United States and other countries and provide timely and accurate animal health information. I’ll discuss NLRAD later in the presentation


Center for Epidemiology & Animal Health

• Some examples of equine activities:

• National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Equine Studies

• Equine Herpesvirus Case Control Studies • Develop Plan for Equine Comprehensive Integrated

Surveillance • Project Related to Assessing Potential Distribution of

Cayenne Tick

Presenter

Presentation Notes

These are just a few examples of equine specific activities at CEAH. Equine will likely be the first of the species/commodity groups to complete the Comprehensive Integrated Surveillance Plan CEAH is updating our EIA prevalence model as we explore options for control of the disease


NAHMS National Equine Studies

• Previously conducted in 1998 and 2005

• The third study is ongoing NAHMS Equine 2015-2016 • Phase I data collected, validated and undergoing analysis

• Phase II planned to begin in spring 2016

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Presentation Notes


NAHMS Equine Study 2015-2016 Objectives

• Trends in equine care and health management

• Occurrence of lameness and management of lameness

• Health practices for important equine infectious diseases • Health related costs of equine ownership

• Evaluate control practices for gastrointestinal parasites

• Evaluate for ticks and describe tick-control practices

• Collect sera & create a serum bank for future studies

Presenter

Presentation Notes

DESCRIBE


Center for Veterinary Biologics

• Licenses and regulates veterinary biologics

Vaccines, antibodies, diagnostic kits

• Ensure that the veterinary biologics that are available for the

diagnosis, prevention, and treatment are:

Pure, safe, potent, and efficacious

• Adverse event reporting

• Develop & validate Piroplasmosis diagnostics

• Evaluate efficacy of Piroplasmosis treatment

• Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

• Insect vector research

Agricultural Research Service



National Veterinary Accreditation Program

• Inform and train veterinary practitioners about regulatory diseases and matters

• Interstate & international movement

• Protect public health • Almost 65,000 veterinarians are accredited; of which over

5,000 are equine veterinarians

• Equine specific training is available and offered on line and in lecture format at veterinary conventions

.

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Presentation Notes

Informed & trained on regulatory matters.


One Health • Concept that the health of animals, the health of people, and

the ecosystem are linked. Healthy productive livestock and pets lead to healthy people and sound environment

• Equine surveillance data on Arboviral infections reported through State Animal Health and in collaboration with CDC

Animal Disease Traceability • Where diseased and at-risk animals are, where they've been,

and when. Important to ensure a rapid response when animal disease events take place. Reduce the number of animals involved in an investigation, reduces the time needed to respond, and decreases the cost to producers and the government.


National Preparedness and Incident Coordination

• Strategies and policies for effective incident management and help to coordinate incident response.

• Liaison National Veterinary Stockpile

• Logistics Center

• Protect food supply Vaccines, antivirals, supplies, equipment, and response support for use in high impact animal disease incidents

• Investigations of potential violations of USDA’s regulations

• Enforcement action when warranted • IES works with program leaders to establish alternative

solutions for addressing low-risk compliance issues • Serious cases referred to USDA’s Office of General Counsel

(OGC); higher penalties and more serious sanctions against alleged violators.

Investigation & Enforcement Services Equine Disease Forum 2016

Presenter

Presentation Notes

AC, CBP, VS Common Investigations: Horse Protection Act violations Illegal Importation of live animals/Export/Interstate Movement Veterinary Biologics (Illegal production, sale and distribution of) CTESA Vet Accred (violations of standards)


Many Possible Streams of Reporting Animal Diseases

• State Requirements • Public Health Requirements • FBI/DHS notification • Internal USDA reporting • Public USDA reporting • National Reporting • International Reporting

• OIE • Trading Partner communication


Reporting Animal Diseases

• National Animal Health Surveillance System • integrates animal health monitoring and surveillance

activities conducted by many Federal and State government agencies into a comprehensive and coordinated system.

• National Animal Health Reporting System • State animal health officials report monthly on the

occurrence of confirmed OIE-reportable diseases


National List of Reportable Animal Diseases

• In progress • Single uniform, standardized list of reportable diseases • Consistent reporting • Facilitate commerce; national and international • Assist in meeting OIE & other reporting requirements • Based on the OIE list of reportable diseases • Minor variations from the list of diseases currently being

reported through the National Animal Health Reporting System

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Some suggested Notifiable Equine Diseases • African horse sickness • Contagious equine metritis • Dourine • Equine encephalomyelitis (Western) • Equine infectious anemia (EIA) • Equine Piroplasmosis • Equine rhinopneumonitis/equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy (EHV1-EHM) • Hendra Some suggested Monitored Equine Diseases • Equine influenza (Virus Type A) • Equine rhinopneumonitis (non-EHM) • Equine viral arteritis

Mission: support safe international trade of animals/products. • Information on the occurrence and distribution of animal

diseases throughout the world.

• Define animal health related standards all for governmental use in making risk based regulatory decisions.

• There are 180 member countries, uses a democratic process.

• USDA VS expends considerable resources meeting the reporting requirements and providing our input into the OIE standards. In the event of a trade dispute the WTO refers to these standards in formulating a resolution.

World Health Organization (OIE) Equine Disease Forum 2016


Some OIE listed diseases that affect equines: • Contagious equine metritis • Dourine • Equine encephalomyelitis (Western) • Equine infectious anemia • Equine influenza • Equine piroplasmosis • Glanders • Infection with African horse sickness virus • Infection with equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) • Infection with equine arteritis virus • Venezuelan & Eastern equine encephalomyelitis • Surra • West Nile Virus


USDA’s Equine Health Team Equine specific planning and support: • Options for control of Equine Infectious Anemia

• Assist industry with development of a National

Equine Health Plan

• Provide subject matter expertise & funding the Equine Disease Communication Center


USDA’s Equine Health Team Equine specific planning and support: • High level APHIS stakeholder annual meeting

• Annually revised Equine Health 5 year activity &

strategy plan • Transparency & Clarity • Greatly increased awareness of stakeholders • Posted on VS website


APHIS/BLM Wild Horse & Burro Partnership

• Interdepartmental agreement provides BLM with veterinarians & experts in animal health and welfare that provide consultation/support for BLM WH&B.

• APHIS veterinarians provide a second opinion and epidemiologic support for BLM facilities & consultation on animal health and welfare issues.

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Very brief summary. Dr. Kane single handedly manages this multi-year interagency/interdepartmental enterprise. He does most of the heavy lifting but organizes and utilizes the resources of Veterinary Service field veterinarians and staff and of course, the considerable resources of the BLM are utilized.

Overview of USDA Role in Equine Health...Equine Disease Forum 2016 Overview of USDA Role in Equine...

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