Overview of the Research within ADOPT/Menu/g… · Overview of the Research within ADOPT Prof....
Transcript of Overview of the Research within ADOPT/Menu/g… · Overview of the Research within ADOPT Prof....
Overview of the Research within ADOPT
Prof. Fredrik Laurell Laser Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, KTH
Followed by short research talks: Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Mohamed Bourennane
Functional Optical materials, Carlota Canalias Nanophotonics, Jan Linnros
Nanophotonic devices, Min Qiu
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Research within ADOPT
Outline
What is photonics? Our research areas
Output, highlights, impact Research philosophy and strategies
What will the future bring?
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What is Photonics?
The science of Photonics deals with generation and handling*of light
*emission, transmission, modulation, processing ,switching, detection and sensing
Photons are neither particles nor waves — they have both particle and wave nature
Photonics covers all technical applications of light over the whole spectrum from ultraviolet to the far-infrared
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In the Century of the Photon
21st Century – the Century of the Photon
Photonics is everywhere
Mastering of the photon relies on scientific progress and innovation in: optics, material science, electrical engineering, nanotechnology, physics and chemistry
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Photonics - Key to Societal Development
Photonics is a Key Enabling Technology of Europe as acknowledged by the European Commision in 2009
One of the most important industries for the future with a substanitial leverage effect on European economy, workforce and welfare
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Research Groups and Areas
Quantum optics and quantum information G. Björk, M. Bourennane,
Near-field optics Ultrafast spectroscopy, scanning optical microscopy S. Marcinkevicius
Nanophotonic devices L. Thylén, S. Lourdudoss,
photonic crystals, metamaterials, Si-photonics B. Jaskorzynska, M. Qiu,
Functional optical materials F. Laurell, V. Pasiskevicius
non-linear optics, quantum dots, magneto-optic J. Linnros, A. Grishin,
materials, plasmonics, special glass and fibers W. Margulis
Quantum optics
Invisibility cloak PhC waveguide Resonator filters My-fab work Down-conversion 6
Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
Quantum Optics and Quantum Information – optics on the single photon level Quantum mechanics, fundamental physics – entanglement, polarization, angular momentum
Research areas • Quantum computing – the classical cryptographer’s nightmare the physical chemist’s dream
• Quantum cryptography – provably safe – how to make repeaters?
• Quantum metrology – Heisenberg rules, but classical noise limits (e.g. shot noise) can be surpassed
?
Third-order polarization of three-photon state 7
Functional Optical Materials
Functional Optical materials - materials tailored for a function
Research areas • Nano and microengineered nonlinear materials • Novel laser materials and structures (semiconductor, solid-state, fiber, organic) • Quantum dot and carbon nanotube modulators • III-V semiconductor growth on Silicon for improved Solar cells
GaAs Nanopillar arrays for solar cells
InP growth on Silicon Multistep quadratic cascading in 2D domain tailored ferroelectric crystal
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Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics -science of light - matter interaction where the dimensions are smaller than the wavelength of light.
Research areas Silicon photonics and photonic integration Quantum dots Plasmonics and Metamaterial-based nanophotonic devices Device nanofabrication technology and characterization
Si-based photonic crystal Hybrid plasmonic couplers/splitters
2 μm
2 μm
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Near-field Optics
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy - beating the diffraction limit in optics
Allows measurement of light transmission, reflection, scattering and luminescence on the nanoscale, with sub-wavelength resolution
Gives information on optical, electronic, vibronic and magnetic properties of a material
300 nm
x, m
y,
m
0 4 80
4
8
284.7
287.5
Luminescence from UV LED substrate 10
Output - Input
Peer reviewed Papers and Invited talks Approximately 350 papers in 5 years and > 150 invited talks
Prizes, awards Edlund’s prize - Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 3 Göran Gustafsson prizes for young researchers 2 Göran Gustafsson prizes for senior researchers 2 SSF Future Research Leaders (5 yrs) VR Senior Research Fellowship (3 for 6 yrs) 1 EU Intra-European Marie Curie Fellowship 3 VR Young researchers 4 OSA Fellows, 1 EPS fellow, 2 SPIE Fellows
Major research grants (presently running) Special VR grant (Quantum information, 10 MSEK, 5 yrs, 2013) SSF (Nanopores, 19.8 MSEK, 5 yrs, 2009) KAW project, (33 SEK, 4 yrs, 2012) Individual VR grants to almost all senior scientists in the center 7 EU grants
4 start-ups Epiclarus AB, BOPO AB, Tandem Sun AB, Eclipse Optics AB
Special VR Grant: 10MSEK M. Bourennane
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High Profile Results
M. Qiu et al, “High performance optical absorbers based on plasmonic metamaterial”, Appl. Phys. Lett., 96:251104, 2010. ESI highly cited paper (Web of K 146 citations)
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Findings with Large Impact
• A lab-in-the-fiber technology for biological, medical and chemical research and applications
• Identification of degradation mechanism in UV LEDs CEO of Sensor Electronic Technology Inc. said the following: “Dr. Marcinkevicius provided understanding of AlGaN-based deep UV LEDs Leading to record powers of 30 mW and lifetime exceeding 5,000 hours. These are by far the best results reported for sub-300 nm devices ever.”
• High efficiency tandem solar cell on silicon for mass production
• Novel laser concepts (VBG, CNT, cascaded X2 and Q-dot based) • A technology to grow III-V semiconductors on Si - The route to all-integrated computer chips
Si substrate Si subcell (1.1 eV)
Subcell 1.4eV Subcell 1.8eV
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Examples of Public Recognition
Public events The smallest optical disk resonator Progress in Research and Technology in Sweden 2012 Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences On Radio, TV Internet and press
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkz4MPdGdiQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jES1c2z5kxM
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Research Strategy and Philosophy
Balance between fundamental and applied research
Bonus for curiousity, wild ideas and risk taking!
Synergy of coming together – common labs/ unique facilities/ know-how
Focus on younger faculty
International exchange and visits
Visiting scientists
International conferences and meetings
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The Center for Swedish Photonics
Recognized as a internationally important research entity
New faculty with ERC grants etc.
Competence and technology from Core areas should contribute to
Societal development Leverage Swedish Photonics industry, including spin-offs
Research direction Stay in core fields Bio photonics - life science photonics Photonics for Energy THz photonics
Outlook – a Bright Light Future
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Quantum Optics and Quantum Information
Prof. Mohamed Bourennane
Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, Stockholm University
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Quantum Information
Quantum superposition
Single-photon polarization state
Application: Unconditionally secure cryptography Quantum Key Distribution
Nobel prize 2012
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Quantum Information
Entanglement - Quantum correlations
Correlation between measurement outcomes – stronger than any classical correlation
Two-photon polarization entangled state:
Spontaneous parametric down conversion
V
H
Bell Inequality test 19
Multiparty quantum secure communication Decoherence free encoding
Six-photon polarization entangled state
1 2
5 4 6
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Multipartite Entanglement
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Synthetization of any two-modes state by Single-photon states and coincidence
Application: super phase resolution
Quantum Interference and quantum state synthesis
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Noise Model for four qubits state: Lossless depolarizing noise. Two types of errors: bit-flip and phase change
E: Entangled, BE: Bound entangled, S: Separable
Information channels are noisy: Noisy quantum channels
Bound entangled: non-distillable entanglement
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Quantum-enabled secure communication Quantum secret sharing
Correlation between the preparation settings &
measurements outcomes of the users.
In many financial transactions several partners must co-operate
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Functional Optical Materials
Assoc. prof. Carlota Canalias
Laser Physics Group, Applied Physics Department, KTH
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Functional Optical Materials
Semiconductor photonic structures
Structured fibers and glasses
Nonlinear optical ferroelectric devices
Magneto-optical devices
Metamaterials
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Semiconductor Photonic Nanostructures
Light sources based on semiconductors
Unique optical properties due to size/geometry Increased/New functionality High efficiency
PI Srinivasan Anand 26
Nano Lett. 11, 4805 (2011); Opt. Mater. Express 2, 1671 (2012); Adv. Funct. Mater. doi: 10.1002/adfm.20120220 ; Nanotechnology 24, 225301 (2013); Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 212106 (2013); Nano Lett. 13, 3581(2013)
Surface and material quality Dimension control Low cost
Top-down approaches Self-assembly Colloidal lithography
Semiconductor Photonic Nanostructures
PI Srinivasan Anand 27
420 nm SHG light
Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Response
250 nm diameter nanopillar // BULK nonlinearity dominates
150 nm diameter nanopillar // SURFACE nonlinearity dominates
PIs Srinivasan Anand & Marcin Swillo Nano Lett. 12, pp 820–826 (2012)
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Ferroelectrics and Nonlinear Optics
Ps
Applications • Frequency conversion • Spectral management
Opt Mater Express 1, 201 (2011) Opt Mater Express 3, 1444 (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 101103 (2009) Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 161113 (2011) Opt. Express 21, 30453 (2013)
LiTaO3
LiNbO3
KTiOPO4
RbKTiOPO4
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Nanostructured Ferroelectrics
Novel devices with sub-µm ferroelectric domains Mirrorless Optical Parametric Oscillator Backward Second Harmonic Generator Electrically-controlled Bragg Reflectors
810 nm
405 nm
Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 051108 (2011) Phys. Rev. A 84, 023825 (2011) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 29 (2012)
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Nanostructured Ferroelectrics
Opt. Express 21, 1395 (2013) Optical Mat. Express, 1, 1319 (2011) Appl. Phys Lett. 103, 252905 (2013) Adv. Materials 26, 293(2014)
Domain-dynamics control Self-organized domain-grating formation
Chemical patterning Modulation of the linear and nonlinear refractive index
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Nanophotonics
Prof. Jan Linnros Material and Nano Physics, KTH
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Silicon quantum dots: Fabrication and single-dot spectroscopy
Research objectives:
• Physics of light emission -> single-dot spectroscopy (avoiding inhomogenous broadening) • Fabrication of Si nanocrystals for applications in: - Bio molecule labelling - Phosphor for solid state lighting
CdSe nanocrystals (in solution)
Porous silicon wafer
3 nm 8 nm Indirect Direct
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Single Si quantum dots by lithography
Fabrication
1. electron-beam lithography
2. plasma etching
3. oxidation (self limiting)
4. PL?
5. repeat 3 & 4.....
after etching oxide etched 2nd oxidation SEM images
Si quantum dot??
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Photoluminescence setup
CCD camera -100oC
sample
Single photon counter (APD) darkcounts 1 /s
spectrometer
motorized translation
Photoluminescence image
Photoluminescence spectra – 300 K
A
B C
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On/Off Blinking
Si CdSe Si
work by Benjamin Bruhn Nano Letters 11, 5574, 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014
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PL lifetime/rise – single Si nanocrystal
I P D QE
QE ~ 9 %
Room temperature
work by Fatemeh Sangghaleh Nanotechnology 24, 225204, 2013 Proc. SPIE Vol. 8766 876607-1, 2013
slope -> slope -> lifetime absorption cross section
Quantum efficiency (QE) can be extracted from:
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Chemical synthesis of Si nanocrystals
HSQ – hydrogen silsesquioxane
Thermal annealing 1h 1000°C, 95% Ar+ 5% H2
Chemical release of Si nanocrystals
Very narrow photo- luminescence linewidth!
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Si nanocrystals – in vivo labelling
Human cell: red-silicon nanocrystals green- the actin structure of the cell
• Nontoxic
• Biocompatible
• Biodegradable
• Cheap
Anna Fucikova
Confocal imaging of a cell – series of different focal depths
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100 nm
Thank you for your attention!
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Nanophotonic devices
Prof. Min Qiu Optics and Photonics, KTH
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Nanophotonics in general
Nanophotonics will have a major impact on:
1. Sensors
2. Data & telecom
3. Data storage
4. Flat panel displays
5. Imaging
6. Instrumentation
7. LEDs and lighting
8. Optical interconnect
9. Photovoltaics
Roadmap for nanophotonics http://www.ist-mona.org/
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Nanophotonic devices
Nanophotonics are technologies where the flow of optical-frequency electromagnetic radiation is engineered in dimensions, or with function-enabling feature-sizes, smaller than the vacuum wavelength. Silicon photonics and photonic integration Plasmonics and Metamaterial-based nanophotonic devices Quantum dots Device nanofabrication technology and characterization
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Silicon photonics and plasmonics on silicon platform
Lech Wosinski, Lars Thylen, Min Qiu
Arrayed Waveguide Gratings
Hybrid plasmonic resonator
• For ultra-compact photonic integration • Important for computer interconnects for future
inter- and intra-core communication
Opt Express 21, 20041 (2013), APL 100, 241105 (2012), Opt. Lett. 35, 1290 (2010)
Plasmonic–Silicon waveguide coupler
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Plasmonic nanophotonic devices: resonators and filters
Non-blocking microring 4x4 routerh
One of the world smallest optical disk resonator: R= 0.525µm
Lech Wosinski, Lars Thylén, Min Qiu
Whispering gallery mode nanodisk resonator based on layered metal-dielectric waveguide
The disk radius can be as small as 61 nm, for a resonant wavelength of 1550 nm.
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Plasmonic light absorber
SPP
高 高 高 高
热红外成像
热光伏电池
太阳能电池
热红外成像
光热调制
发光光源
Thermophotovoltaic
Infrared imaging
Lighting
Thermal control
Light absorption in plasmonics and metamaterials
Plasmonic devices are typically lossy. However, it can be utlized as plasmonic resonance can also significantly enhance light absorption.
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Plasmonic light absorber: Colorful gold
J. Hao et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251104 (2010): ESI highly cite paper
Min Yan, Min Qiu
Tuning the absorption: tuning the color
M. Yan et al 2014 J. Opt. 16 025002: Paper of the week
Lithography-free broadband visible light absorber
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Plasmonic light absorbers for nanopatterning
Min Yan, Min Qiu ACS Nano 2012-6-2550, Nanoscale 2014-6-1756
Light absorption generates heat
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