Overview of the Animal

Kingdom

Animals are

• Multicellular

• Eukaryotic

• Heterotrophic

• Cells lack cell walls

Major Phyla - 9• Porifera – “Pore bearing” Sponges

• Cnidaria – “Stinging nettles” Corals and Jellyfish

• Platyhelminthes – “Flatworms” Planaria and tapeworm

• Nematoda – “Roundworms” Ascaris . . .

• Annelida – “Segmented” Earthworms and leeches

• Mollusca – “Soft body” Clams and Octopus

• Arthropoda – “Jointed appendages” Insects, Spiders, and Crabs

• Echinodermata – “Spiny skin” Starfish and Sea Urchins

• Chordata – “Cord” Vertebrates including Mammals

Porifera

• Simple animals

• Live anchored to a

rock or the ocean

bottom

• Marine or freshwater

• Filter-feeders

• Asymetrical symmetry

• Lack tissues or organ

system

Cnidaria• Named for their

stinging cells

• Marine or freshwater

• Carnivorous

• Radial symmetry

• Hydrostatic Skeleton

• Jellyfish, hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of war, sea anemone, and corals

Platyhelminthes

• Flattened bodies

• Lack an anus

• Bilateral symmetry

• Simplest animals to

exhibit cephalization

• Flatworms, flukes, and

tapeworms

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Nematoda

• Free living in soil or

water with many

parasitic forms

• Bilateral symmetry

• Most have a digestive

tract with two openings

• Hookworms,

pinworms, ascaris,

and trichinosis worm

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Annelida

• Segmented worms

• Setae for locomotion

• Bilateral symmetry

• Closed circulatory

system

• Clamworms,

earthworms,

leeches

Mollusca• Soft bodied organisms

often covered with a calcareous shell

• Bilateral symmetry

• Most have a ventral muscular foot for locomotion

• Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, octopus, and squid

Arthropoda• Body is composed of a

head, thorax, and abdomen with three or more pairs of joined legs

• Chitinous exoskeleton

• Molt

• Bilateral symmetry

• Shrimp, crabs, barnacles, insects, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and crayfish

Echinodermata• Radial symmetry

• Calcareous plates often with external spines

• Water vascular system with tube feet for locomotion

• Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers

Chordata

• Notocord for support

of the body at some

stage of development

• Dorsal, tubular nerve

cord

• Tunicate, lancelets,

and vertebrates

Chordata – Class Osteichthyes

• Bony fishes

• Specialized structures

and behaviors to

maintain homeostasis

with regard to water

balance

• Some have swim

bladders

Chordata – Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilagenous fishes

• Specialized structures

and behaviors to

maintain homeostasis

with regard to water

balance

• Some have oil in liver

for buoyancy

Chordata – Class Amphibia

• Amphibians

• Most live in water as a

larva and on land as

an adult

• Moist skin

• Ectotherms

• Frogs, toads,

salamanders, and

caecilians

Chordata – Class Reptilia

• Reptiles

• Dry, scaly skin

• Terrestrial (amniotic)

eggs

• Ectotherms

• Lizards, snakes,

crocodilians, turtles,

tortoises, and tuatara

Chordata – Class Aves

• Birds

• Endotherms

• Outer covering of

feathers

• Two legs with scales

• Modified front limbs

(wings)

• Eagle, cardinal,

penguin, duck, etc.

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Chordata – Class Mammalia• Mammals

• Produce milk in mammary glands to feed their young

• Breathe air with lungs

• Four-chambered heart

• Endotherms

• Duck billed platypus, marsupials, cows, dogs, humans, etc.