Overview of South Africa’s demography and the Population Policy response thereto
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Transcript of Overview of South Africa’s demography and the Population Policy response thereto
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Overview of South Africa’s
demography and the Population
Policy response thereto
BRICS inaugural seminar on
Population matters
Numbi Hotel, Mpumalanga
01 March 2014
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Outline of the presentation
• Structure of the SA population
• Population growth: 1996-2011
• Population growth and structure
• SA population pyramids: 1996, 2007 and 2011
• Gender equality, equity and empowerment of women
• SRHR
• Population Policy responses
– Vision
– Goal
– Objectives and strategies
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Structure of the SA population • Population size grew noticeably from 40.5 m
in 1996 to 44.8 m in 2001 & then to 51.8m
in 2011
• 2m more females (27m or 51%) than males
(25m or 49%)
• Gauteng & KZN = largest populations;
Northern Cape = smallest population
• Percentage distribution of the population (by
population group) remained relatively stable – Black Africans constituting the vast majority (79.8%);
Coloureds (9%); Whites (8.7%) & Indians/Asians
(2.5%)
• Population growth rate is declining & will
continue to decline – Attributed to HIV & AIDS & decline in fertility
• SA is a relatively youthful population, but is
showing signs of maturing – Decline in 0 – 14 years & increase in 65+ and
increase in economically active (15 – 64) group
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Population growth: 1996-2011
40.6 m
44.8 m
48.5 m
51.8 m
1996-2001
2.01% pa
2001-2007
1.33% pa
2007-2011
0.61% pa
• Population growing – at a slower rate
• Population structure changing
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Population growth & structure Population characteristics 1996 2001 2011
% of population < 15 34.3 32.1 29
% of population 15 – 34
(Youth)
36.7 36.8 37.6
% of population 15 - 64 60.8 63.0 66
% of population > 60 4.8 4.9 8.1
Dependency ratio 0.64 0.53
Household size 4.5 3.9 3.6
Median age 22 23 25
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SA Population pyramids: 1996, 2007 and 2011
South African Population, 1996
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
South African Population, 2007
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
South African Population, 2014
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 - 4
5-9
10-14
15 - 19
20 - 24
25 - 29
30 - 34
35 - 39
40 - 44
45 - 49
50 - 54
55 - 59
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
75 - 79
>80
Male Female
32.1% 31% 29.8%
4.9% 5.4% 8.1%
0-15
15-34
>60
36.7% 36.5% 38%
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Gender equality, equity & the empowerment of women
• Social grants, free basic services & the
mainstreaming of gender in government programmes
have contributed to improving women's quality of live
and that of their household members
• Poverty disproportionately affect women; individuals
in female headed households more vulnerable
• Unemployment much higher for females (34.6% up
from 26.3%) than males (25.6% up from 20%)
• Labour absorption rate for Black African women
(28.8%); White women (62.5%)
– Higher for White women than Black African men
(40.8%)
• Women more dependent on survivalist activities in
informal sector – low wages, high insecurity &
increased vulnerability
• High levels of violence against women & children
(GBV)
• Variation between actual & preferred family size –
poor communication & a lack of female decision
making power regarding family planning &
childbearing – Illustrating continued inequalities in
sexual & reproductive relations
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Sexual & Reproductive health & rights • Total Fertility Rate (TFR) 1960s - 2011
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 6.7 children
per woman in 1960s to 2.9 1998) to 2.35 in 2011
Gauteng – lowest fertility rate during 2006 – 2011 at
2.10 and Limpopo the highest at 2.85
Teenage fertility declined, but teenage pregnancy
remains high at 56 births per 1000 women aged 15 –
19 (2011)
Improved access to SRH services since 1998 have
been undermined by decreased life expectancy and
increased MMR, both linked to HIV & AIDS
Maternal Mortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate & Under
5 Mortality Rate remain worryingly high – SA unlikely
to meet MDG goals in this regard
Non pregnancy related infections accounted for 40% of
maternal deaths (DoH, 2012)
Antenatal health care coverage & proportion of births
attended by trained health professionals& proportion of
women who have delivered in a health facility are very
high
Introduction of medical male circumcision to reduce
risk of STI & HIV infection
1960s 1998 2008 2011
6.7 2.9 2.4 2.35
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POPULATION POLICY
RESPONSE
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VISION
To contribute towards the establishment of a
society that provides a high and equitable
quality of life for all South Africans in which
population trends are commensurate with
sustainable socio-economic and
environmental development
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GOAL
To bring about changes in the determinants
of the country’s population trends, so that
these trends are consistent with the
achievement of sustainable human
development.
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OBJECTIVES • The systematic integration of population
factors into all policies, plans, programmes
and strategies in all spheres and within all
sectors and institutions of government;
• Developing and implementing a co-
ordinated multi-sectoral, interdisciplinary
and intergrated approach in designing and
executing programmes and interventions
that impact on major national and
population concerns;
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OBJECTIVES CONT
• Making available reliable and up-to-date
information on the population and human
development situation in the country in
order to inform policy-making and
programme design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation at all levels and
in all sectors
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STRATEGIES
Policy objectives will be achieved through
inter-sectoral programmes implemented by
government departments and supported by
the private sector and organisations of civil
society.
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STRATEGIES FOCUS ON:
• Coordination and capacity building for
population and development planning;
• Population advocacy, information
education and communication (IEC);
• Poverty reduction;
• Health, mortality and fertility;
• Gender, women, youth and children;
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STRATEGIC FOCUS CONT.
• Education;
• Employment;
• Environment sustainability;
• Migration and urbanisation;
• Data collection and research.
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Thank you
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