Overview of Software System

7/27/2019 Overview of Software System

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Lecture 3 -1

OVERVIEW OF SOFTWARESYSTEMS

Lecture 3

UNIVERSITY OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES, ACCRA


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Lecture 3 -2

Learning Objectives

Describe several important trends occurring

in computer software

Give examples of several major types of

application and system software

Explain the purpose of several popular

software packages for end user productivity

and collaborative computing


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Lecture 3 -3

Learning Objectives

Define and describe the functions of an

operating system

Describe the main uses of computer

programming software, tools, and languages

Describe the issues associated with open

source software


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Lecture 3 -4

Definition

A software is a set of machine-readableinstructions that directs a computer's

processor to perform specific operations.

The term is used to contrast with computer

hardware, which are the physical objects

(processor and related devices) that carry out

the instructions.

Hardware and software require each other;

neither has any value without the other


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Lecture 3 -5

Types of Software

There are 2 main types of software. They are

the Application software and System

Software.

The application software performs information

processing task for end-users such as

preparation documents and or calculation of

figures.

The system software System software is a

type of computer program that is designed to

run a computers hardware and applications

such as word processors


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Lecture 3 -6

Types of Software

Types of Application Software

General Application: As the name implies

they are software that anybody at can use for

either business or personal purposes, e.g word

processor, browser etc

Application Specific: These are software

used for specific business purposes.

Individuals normally do not use theseapplications. They include marketing and

accounting software


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Lecture 3 -7

Types of Software

Types of System Software

System Management Software. It enables IT

support staff to manage network systems.

They include server software, Operating

systems, Database Management systems

System Development Software: It enables IT

staff to develop software applications such as

e-commerce software, websites, banking andfinance software. Experts who develop these

software are called programmers or software

developers. They use programming software

such as HTML, Java and Java Script


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Lecture 3 -8

Types of Application & System Software


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Examples of Business Application Software

Customer Relationship Management

Human Resource

Supply Chain Management

Application Specific Software

Web-enabled electronic commerce


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Examples of General Purpose Software

Software Suites

Browsers

Search Engines

E-mail/Instant Messaging

Word Processing/Desktop Publishers

Spread Sheets/Presentation Graphics

Personal Information Managers

Groupware


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Lecture 3 -11

Software Suites, Integrated Packages

A software suite or Integrated software

package is software that merges several

applications in one program and is accessed

via a common launching pad.

They typically provide at least word

processing, spreadsheet and database

management, presentation graphics, page

layout, paint, calendar, address book, e-mailas well as other applications.


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Lecture 3 -12

Examples of Top Software Suites


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Lecture 3 -13

Web Browsers

Software used to locate, retrieve and also

display content on the World Wide Web

It is the universal platform

from which end users launch

Information searches

E-mail

Multimedia file transfer

Discussion groups

Other Internet-based applications


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Lecture 3 -14

Search Engines

Google, Ask Jeeves, Look Smart (Business),Lycos, Overture, Yahoo!

Computer program that searches databases andinternet sites for the documents containing

keywords specified by a user.

Using search engines to find information hasbecome an indispensable part of Internet,

intranet, and extranet applications


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E-mail, Instant Messaging

E-mail

Sending and receiving messages andattachments via the Internet, intranet, orextranet

Instant messaging (IM) A software that allows users connected to the

Internet or a corporate network to send textmessages and files between other IM users

e.g is Yahoo messenger, Google Talk,Whatsapp, Skype,


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Lecture 3 -16

Word Processing/Desktop Publishing

Word Processing

Software that enable a user to Create, edit,

revise, and print documents

E.g., Microsoft Word, Lotus WordPro, Corel

WordPerfect

Desktop Publishing

Produce printed materials that look

professionally published

E.g., Adobe PageMaker, Microsoft Publisher,

QuarkXPress


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Lecture 3 -17

Electronic Spreadsheets

Used by virtually every business for

calculations, analysis, planning, modeling

Worksheet of rows and columns

Can be stored on local computers or a network

Requires designing format and developing

the relationships (formulas)

Most help you develop charts and graph

displays of spreadsheet results

Supports what-if questions


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Lecture 3 -18

Presentation Graphics

Microsoft PowerPoint,

Lotus Freelance,

Corel Presentations

Are used to create

multimediapresentations of

graphics, photos,

animation, video

Top packages can

tailor files fortransfer in HTML

format to websites

Software that

converts numeric

data into graphics

Commonpresentation

graphics

packages


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Lecture 3 -19

Personal Information Managers

Manages schedules, appointments, tasks

Most have ability to access the Web and e-mail

Stores information about clients

Some support team collaboration by sharinginformation with other PIM users

e.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook

Software for end user productivity and collaboration


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Groupware

Software that helps workgroups collaborate

on group assignments

E-mail, discussion groups, databases, audio,

and video conferencing

E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise,Microsoft Exchange

Windows SharePoint Services and

WebSphere both allow teams to createwebsites for information sharing and

document collaboration


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Lecture 3 -21

Cloud Computing

Software and virtualized hardware resources

are provided as a service over the Internet. It

is the practice of using a network of remote

servers hosted on the Internet to store,

manage, and process data, rather than a localserver. It advantages include:

No technology knowledge, expertise, or control

needed.

Pay-for-use avoids capital expenditures

Capacity can be scaled upward almost instantly

Immediate access to broad range of applications

Contracts can generally be terminated at any time

S f Li i


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Lecture 3 -22

Software Licensing

Trade secrets

A software is licensed, which involves

You buy a license to use the software

Licensed to protect vendors property rights

So you dont buy

software

Copyright and trademark

Intellectual property rights

S t S ft


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Lecture 3 -23

System Software

System

Management

Programs

SystemDevelopment

Programs

Manages hardware, software, network,

and data resources of computer systems

Operating systems, network

management programs, database

management systems, system utilities

Helps users develop IS programs and

procedures, and then prepare them

for processing

Includes language translators and

editors, and programming tools

O ti S t (OS)


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Lecture 3 -24

Operating Systems (OS)

It is system of programs that

Provides

support

services as thecomputer

executes

application

programs

Manages theoperations of

the CPU

Controls the

input/out,

storageresources, and

activities of the

computer

system

Without an OS, all software applications cannot be operated

O ti S t


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Lecture 3 -25

Operating Systems

There are two main types of Operating

System. They are:

Desktop OS: It runs on a single desktop PC,

or laptop . Examples are Windows XP and

Windows 7. When that single PC or laptop ison a network, the OS enables the PC to

access resources on a Server.

Server OS: It runs on a server which is ahigher capacity PC. Examples are Windows

2008 Server, Linux, and Unix

P l O ti S t


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Popular Operating Systems

Windows

It has Graphical User Interface, multitasking,

networking, multimedia

Different versions manage servers

Standard, enterprise, data center, Web

Unix

Multitasking, multi-user, network-managing

Portable - can run on mainframes, midrange,and PCs

P l O ti S t


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Popular Operating Systems

Linux

Founded by Linus Torvalds

Low-cost, powerful, reliable, Unix-like

operating system

Open-source

MAC OS X

Apple operating system for the iMac GUI

Multitasking

Multimedia

OS f S t h d T bl t C t


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OS for Smartphone and Tablets Computers

ios by Apple

Android by Google (Open Source)

Symbian by Nokia ( Sold to Microsoft in

August 2013)

Windows Phone by Microsoft

Bada meaning sea or ocean in Korean by

Samsung

O S S ft


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Open Source Software

Open-source software is computer software

with its source code made available and which

the copyright holder provides the rights to

anyone to study, change and redistribute the

software to anyone and for any purpose The basic idea is that when programmers can

modify and redistribute source code, the

software evolves quickly. This can happen atastonishing speed and produces better

software than the traditional commercial

(closed) model

O S Li i Ch t i ti


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Open-Source Licensing Characteristics

The License

The program must include the source code and allow

distribution in source code as well as compiled form

It shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away

the software as a component of another softwaredistribution.

Must allow modifications and redistribution under the

same terms as the license of the original software

Must not discriminate against any person or any

group of persons

Must not restrict anyone from making use of the

program in a specific field of endeavor

E amples of Open So rce Soft are


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Examples of Open Source Software

Open Office

Can be used for any purpose: domestic, commercial,

educational, or public administration. Made up of

Writer, Calc, Impress, Draw and Base

Mac OS X Based on a form of UNIX

Advanced Graphical User Interface

Supports multi-tasking and multimedia

Integrated Web browser, e-mail, instant messaging,

search engine, digital media player, and more

Includes software development tools

System Monitoring Software


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System Monitoring Software

Utilities

Miscellaneous housekeeping functions

Example: Norton utilities includes data backup,virus protection, etc.

Performance Monitors Programs that monitor and adjust computer

system to keep them running efficiently

Security Monitors Monitor and control use of computer systems

to prevent unauthorized use of resources

Programming Languages


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Programming Languages

Object Oriented Languages


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Object-Oriented Languages

Easier to use and more efficient for graphics-

oriented user interfaces

Most widely used software

development languages

Reusable: can use an object from one

application in another application

Examples: Visual Basic, C++, Java

Most object-oriented languages provide a GUI

that supports visual programming

Web Languages


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Web Languages

HTML A page description language that createshypertext documents for the Web

Java Object-oriented programming language thatis simple, secure, and platform independent

Java applets can be executed

on any computer

Language Translator Programs


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Language Translator Programs

Translate instructions written in programminglanguages into machine language

Assembler

Translatesassemblerlanguage

statement

Compiler

Translates high-level language

statements

Interpreter

A compiler thattranslates andexecutes each

statement ina program,one at a time

Programming Tools


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Programming Tools

Help programmers identify and minimize

errors while they are programming

Graphical programming interfaces

Programming editors

Debuggers


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END OF LECTURE

Overview of Software System

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