Overview of new FAO knowledge on adaptation and mitigation option
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Overview of new FAO knowledge on adaptation and mitigation options Alexandre Meybeck, FAO Food Security and Climate Change Ways forward for strengthening resilience and building synergies between adaptation and mitigation Bonn, 4th June 2013
Transcript of Overview of new FAO knowledge on adaptation and mitigation option
Overview of new FAO knowledge on adaptation and mitigation options
Alexandre Meybeck, FAO
Food Security and Climate Change Ways forward for strengthening resilience and building
synergies between adaptation and mitigation
Bonn, 4th June 2013
A systemic approach:
• Ecosystem
• Economic
• Social
• Food system
• Household
• Farm
• Landscape
Resilience
Uncertainty
Gitz & Meybeck 2012
In CFS 2012, 2 policy round tables on climate change and on social protection, 2 HLPE reports
CFS Policy Recommendations • Urgency
• Integrate CC concerns in FS policies and programmes
• Increase resilience of vulnerable groups and systems
• Emphasis on Adaptation
• Mitigation, as a co-objective of Food Security and Adaptation
• Link with UNFCCC
Main “tools”
• Investments (including private)
• Extension services
• Integrated land use policies
• Risk management (forecasting, early warning,DRM…)
• Assesments
• Information collection
• Research
• International cooperation
Actors
• Recommendations addressed to all stakeholders in CFS
• Participation of all stakeholders
• Involvement of the most vulnerable (women, small holders)
• Specific mentions of FAO:
– FAO Adapt
– CGRFA
– Collaboration with UNFCCC
Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
• In 2011 (13th Session)
– Considered studies on the impact of climate change on genetic resources and on the potentials of GRFA to cope with climate change
• In 2013 (14th Session)
– Adopted a Programme of Work on climate change and genetic resources for food and agriculture (2013 – 2016)
Challenge in figures
• Animal breeds – 8 300 animal breeds known – 8% are extinct and 22% are at risk of extinction.
• Trees – Over 80 000 tree species – Less than 1% have been studied for potential use
• Fish – Provide 20% animal protein to about 3 billion people – Over 175 000 species of fish, mollusks, crustaceans and aquatic plants – 10 species about 30% marine capture fisheries – 10 species about 50% aquaculture production
• Plants – Over 80% of the human diet – 30 000 edible terrestrial plants – 7 000 are cultivated or collected – 5 cereal crops provide 60% energy intake
• Micro-organisms and invertebrates – Key for ecosystem services – Contributions still poorly known and acknowledged
Genetic
diversity
provides key
options for
climate
change
adaptation
Activities – outputs – outcomes
Survey on GRFA
and climate
change resilience
in agriculture
systems Consultations
Experts Meetings
Studies
Participation to
climate change
process
GRFA hotspots and climate change
Guidelines for integration of GRFA into NAPs, NAPAs
Technical
knowledge
Awareness material
Increase integration and
synergies -
Mainstream GRFA in climate
change
Side events
Presentations
New publications: Support for planning NAMAs within agriculture
• Key: Climate change mitigation within agriculture can be aligned with agricultural development goals.
• Content: NAMA Building blocks
• Step-by-step approach for designing NAMAs in agriculture
• Country case studies illustrating the range of options
• Combining other sources of finance to climate finance
• MRV biggest challenge for requiring climate finance
More information [email protected]
Linking people, sharing knowledge
Why an online community for practitioners?
• Makes relevant information accessible
• Cost-effective: spreads ideas, addresses challenges
• Clarity on climate-smart agriculture
• Papers through collaborative writing
• Free membership!
Who’s involved? 660 members ➝ 60 countries
➝NGOs ➝Businesses ➝Research ➝ Ministries ➝UN
Join the community:
BITLY LINK TO JOIN FORM
www.fao.org/climatechange/micca/75150
Action: Learning events through webinars and online discussions…
Conservation agriculture Agroforestry and climate change mitigation GHG emissions from livestock supply chains GHG measurements in field projects
FAO’s livestock LCA
• Specific objective of LCA: produce disagregated estimates of global GHG emissions and emissions intensity to : identify low emission pathways for the livestock sector
• Coupled with economic analysis
• Linked to multi-stakeholder initiatives
• Strong link between Ei and resource use efficiency
– Bridging the efficiency gap provides substantial mitigation potential (1/3rd )
– Additional mitigation from C sequestration (ca. 0.4 to 0.6 Gt)
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Global emissions from livestock supply chains, by
category of emissions (includes emissions to edible products as well as to other goods and services, such as draft power and wool)
24.0%
13.0%
3.2% 6.0%
0.4%
39.1%
4.3% 5.2%
1.5% 0.3% 2.9%
Feed N2O
Feed CO2 - LUC excluded
Feed CO2 LUC
Pasture expansion CO2 LUC
Feed CH4 rice
Enteric CH4
Manure CH4
Manure N2O
Direct energy CO2
Embeded energy CO2
Post farm gate CO2
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Emission intensities (Ei) : CO2e per kg protein
50% of prod
80% of Prod.
Average
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-
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
Beef Cattle milk Small ruminant meat
Small ruminant milk
Pork Chicken meat Chicken eggs
What are the main strategies for the reduction of emission intensities?
– animal level: feed digestibility and balancing, health, genetics
– herd level: maintenance to production ratio
– production unit level: grazing management, source low Ei feed, energy
– supply chain level: energy use efficiency, waste minimization and recycling
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Knowledge and tools to Facilitate Integration of Climate Change into the Fisheries and Aquaculture
Technical guidance on climate change relevant to vulnerable fisheries and aquaculture systems – supporting the sector’s involvement in broader CC discussions
• Global knowledge on impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation and mitigation options in FI&AQ (2009)
• Regional, national and local understandings of CC implications for FI&AQ (2010-2012)
– Caribbean SIDS, Pacific SIDS, Lake Chad Basin, Benguela Current, Vietnam Mekong River Basin, Asia regional, Latin America, Near East/North Africa, African Great Lakes, West and Central Africa, East and Southern Africa
Assistance in NAPA and National Communications implementation
• FI&AQ in NAPA – importance, vulnerabilities and
priorities (2011)– understanding countries’ priorities and identifying potential gaps
• Vulnerability assessments methodologies and their relevance to FI&AQ (2013) – Analysis of IPCC VA framework and experiences and recommendations for FI&AQ
• Developing tools for adaptation – Participatory water quality monitoring systems, DRM
Global Partnership on Climate,
Fisheries and Aquaculture (PaCFA)
Peatlands
• Guidebook under preparation Towards responsible peatlands management practices
Guidebook under preparation Towards responsible peatlands management
practices Technical manual on practices, focused on climate change mitigation and improved livelihoods
Manual will incorporate:
Environmental and socio-economic benefits that peatland can provide;
Description of management practices;
Illustrative case studies of responsible management practices; and
Suggestions how to engage diverse stakeholders participation in the planning and management processes.
Intended audience: Land managers at operational level in key peatlands countries.
Planned publication date: End of November 2013
Tools to Facilitate Integration of Climate
Change into the Forest Sector
Guidelines for integrating climate change into the forest sector
• Climate change for policymakers: approach for integrating climate change into national forest programmes (2011)– guidelines that cover policy, legal, institutional and financial aspects of climate change adaptation and mitigation of relevance to forest policymakers
• Climate change guidelines for forest managers (2013) – practical actions and considerations for forest managers that would facilitate climate change adaptation and mitigation at forest management unit level
Technical information on climate change relevant to ecosystems at risk
• Guidelines for Sustainable Management of Dryland Forests (2013) – contains climate change-related elements
• Climate change and mountains (2011)
FAO/ UN-REDD Programme approach to Monitoring & MRV
• Ways to consider the REDD+ monitoring and information provision needs in the broader context of national development and environmental strategies, at the implementation level
• Elements needed in National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMSs) to support the implementation of UNFCCC provisions -- in line with IPCC guidance
• Helps clarify the many UNFCCC decisions relating to REDD+ (principles, rules and modalities, methodological guidance)
• Implications of the implementation of REDD+ activities in distinct national contexts, and the various steps involved
• NFMS can serve simultaneous functions:
– ‘monitoring’ -- primarily a domestic tool to assess a broad range of forest information, including in the context of REDD+ activities
– ‘MRV’ -- estimation and international reporting of national-scale forest emissions and removals, including: 1) satellite land monitoring system; 2) national forest inventory; and 3) national GHG inventory
Towards NAPs : a review of NAPAs in 18 African countries
• 195 priority projects
• 95 % concern agriculture (97% of the budget)
• Transversal (27%)
• Water (23%)
• Crops (11%) Livestock (8,5%)
• Forest (9%)
• Coasts (6%) Fisheries (3%)
• Food (5%) Energy (6%)
EPIC Project: CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE: CAPTURING SYNERGIES
MITIGATION, ADAPTATION, FOOD SECURITY
Duration: 1 January 2012 - 31 December 2014. Resources: 5.3 million Euros (EC, SIDA, FAO) Partners: Malawi, Vietnam and Zambia, MICCA,
CCAFS, Univ. of Aberdeen, FANRPAN, others Focus: Holistic and context-specific approaches to food security, adaptation, mitigation to understand synergies/trade-offs and barriers to adoption of CSA practices. Develop with government and other stakeholders tools for identification-implementation of context-appropriate options for: (i) climate-smart agricultural practices and (ii) supportive policy, institutional, strategic and investment
frameworks to promote sustainable agricultural development and food security under climate change; to overcome adoption barriers and manage climate change risks.
Sequencing of project activities
Assessing the situation
Identify barriers and enabling factors Managing
Climate Risk
Defining coherent policies
Guiding Investments
CSA aims to build evidence-based agricultural development strategies, policies and investment frameworks to improve food security, facilitate adaptation to climate change, and seek opportunities to mitigate GHG emissions, compatibly with countries’ national food
security and development goals.
Expected Outputs of FAO’s first climate-smart agriculture project
An evidence base: Combines (i) socio-economic, land use, climate data; (ii) institutional, policy, program mapping; (iii) current baseline and compared with potential CSA pathway; (iv) costs and benefits of action. Coherent policies and strategic direction for CSA: Draw on existing national/sub-national policy, planning, investment instruments. Promote integration, alignment and coordination across policy instruments, institutions, stakeholders. Provide strategic vision and how to get there. Investment proposals for Implementation: identify priorities for action, resource requirements; develop/use metrics showing additional CC costs and benefits; facilitate access to possible sources of financing, including climate finance.
Way forward
• Knowledge
• Tools
• Capacity building
• Inclusive
• Country led policies
