Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Thailand

Pollution Control DepartmentPollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment, ThailandMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment, Thailand

•• Status of MSW Status of MSW (As of 2007)(As of 2007)•• ProblemsProblems•• Policies and PlanPolicies and Plan

14.6 Million Tons14.6 Million TonsGenerated 100%Generated 100%

3.2 Million Tons3.2 Million Tons

Actual Recycled 22% From recovery activities:

Garbage Banks, Municipal Collectors,

junk shops

Recyclable Recyclable Potential 80%Potential 80%

11.7 million Tons11.7 million Tons

Status of MSW Status of MSW (As of 2007)(As of 2007)

Collected 84%Collected 84%

12.3 Million Tons12.3 Million Tons

Sanitary Sanitary Disposed 36%Disposed 36%

ImproperImproperDisposed 64%Disposed 64% Open Dump SitesOpen Dump Sites

Open BurningOpen Burning

Situation & Problems

8,4734,780

1,120

8,47312,912

18,697

1.Bangkok2.Municipality areas including Pattaya(1,156 locations)3.Outside the municipality areas

Treatment & Disposal

Amount Of Municipal Waste(tons per day)

Area

Problems of NonProblems of Non--Waste SeparationWaste Separation

CoCo--disposal HW and MSWdisposal HW and MSWIllegal Dumping / Illegal Dumping / Open DumpingOpen Dumping

Situation & Problems

Problems of Landfill Operations Problems of Landfill Operations

No Operational Procedures No Operational Procedures No Environmental ControlsNo Environmental Controls

Situation & Problems

Existing MSW Disposal FacilitiesExisting MSW Disposal FacilitiesIncinerationIncineration

Phuket province (250 T/D)Samui Island (75 T/D)Lampoon Province (10 T/D)

Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfillbeing operated 96 sitesUnder construction/ renovation 10 sites

Integrated Waste Management Integrated Waste Management SystemSystem Wieng Fang Municipality

(150 T/D)Rayong Municipality (80 T/D)Chonburi Provincial Administrative Organization (300-400 T/D)

Situation & Problems

Infectious WasteInfectious Waste

Infectious WasteInfectious WasteThere are 11 local areas being operatedThere are 11 local areas being operated

BMA (19 T/D)Pattaya City (0.3-0.4 T/D)Nonthaburi ProvincialAdministrative Organization (1.89 T/D)

Samut Sakorn Municipality (0.7 T/D)Suphanburi Municipality (0.2-0.3 T/D)Chieng Mai Municipality (0.6 T/D)Khon Kaen Municipality Hat Yai Municipality (1.3-1.5 T/D)Phuket Municipality (0.4 T/D)Udorn Thani Municipality (0.53 T/D)Chonburi Provincial Administrative Organization

Situation & Problems

Nation Policies and PlanNation Policies and Plan

Promote 3Rs hierarchy (Reduce/ Reuse and Recycle)Promote 3Rs hierarchy (Reduce/ Reuse and Recycle)

Promote participation between public sector Promote participation between public sector private sector and public awareness/educationprivate sector and public awareness/education

Encourage establishment of central solid waste Encourage establishment of central solid waste disposal facilities with appropriate technologydisposal facilities with appropriate technology

Policies and Plan

Promote privatization Promote privatization

Establish laws and revise existing laws and Establish laws and revise existing laws and regulations as well as emphasize on law enforcement regulations as well as emphasize on law enforcement in order to make various steps of waste management in order to make various steps of waste management more effectivemore effective

Nation Policies and PlanNation Policies and PlanPolicies and Plan

National Policy FrameworkNational Policy Framework

Minimize waste generations Minimize waste generations

Apply 3Rs Apply 3Rs

Promote Green ProductPromote Green Product

Policies and Plan

National Policy FrameworkNational Policy Framework

Integrated waste management

based on waste to energy concept Compost

Ash

Solid WasteHeat / Electricity

Digestion

Incineration

Organic

Combustible

Landfill

RDF

Wastewater Treatment

BiogasRecyclable

Solid for reuse / recycling

“3Rs”

Non-combustible/Non-digestable

Policies and Plan

Waste disposal approachWaste disposal approach

Combination of Adjacent local Combination of Adjacent local Administrative Organization for Administrative Organization for handling municipal solid waste handling municipal solid waste

(privatization is needed)(privatization is needed)

100 - 250 M250 - 100 M3

Medium (206 clusters)250 - 500 M1

> 500 Large (3 clusters)

< 50 Small (90clusters)

Solid waste to system

(t/d)Size of clusters

Policies and Plan

National Policy FrameworkNational Policy Framework

Develop separation Develop separation system for household system for household hazardous waste fromhazardous waste from

endend--ofof--life productslife products

Policies and Plan

Rules and regulations for Rules and regulations for waste management and waste disposal waste management and waste disposal

Public Health Act A.E.1992Public Health Act A.E.1992The Act provides a legal basis for MSW to local administrations The Act provides a legal basis for MSW to local administrations in managing the wastes generated by developing and issuing in managing the wastes generated by developing and issuing ordinances and regulation for collection, transportation, and ordinances and regulation for collection, transportation, and disposal of waste generated.disposal of waste generated.

The Factory Act. A.E.1992The Factory Act. A.E.1992The Act provides a legal basis for establishment and control of The Act provides a legal basis for establishment and control of industrial operation including setting and enforcement of industrial operation including setting and enforcement of industrial standards. industrial standards. The import, export, manufacturing, The import, export, manufacturing, storage, transport, use and disposal of hazardous substances storage, transport, use and disposal of hazardous substances are controlled according to the Hazardous Substance Act are controlled according to the Hazardous Substance Act A.E.1992.A.E.1992.

Rules & Regulations

Rules and regulations for Rules and regulations for waste management and waste disposal waste management and waste disposal

The Enhancement and Conservation of The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act A.E.1992National Environmental Quality Act A.E.1992The Act empowers local administrations to conduct central disposal facility for public service either by themselves or by licensed private contractors.

Environmental Fund is established to disburse as grants or loans to both government agencies and private sector for investment in and operation of those central facilities.

Rules & Regulations

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