Overview of Lubricant Technology Dr. Gamini Amarasekera, BSc (Hons), C. Chem. (Aus), PhD (Aus) Consultant , Laugfs Lubricants Limited (1) Lubricants - Introduction (2) Base oil - the main ingredient & Its impact on the quality of finished lubricant (3) Engine oil trends and main drivers of its quality (4) Base oil trends 2 3 50 KMT Sri Lanka current market size - ~ 58 KMT Definition Friction - reducing substance A substance, typically oil or grease, applied to a surface to reduce friction between moving parts + Base OilChemical Additives Made of two basic components DI Package 8 -12% wt. VI Improver Antioxidant Antiwear Friction Modifier Dispersant Others* Base Oil Base oil is the foundation of a lubricant The quality of Base oil determines quality of the finished lubricant Mineral base oils are extracted from petroleum crude Complex mixture of many hydrocarbons There are different grades of base oils classified according to their quality LPG Petrol Kerosene Diesel Base oils Furnace oil Bitumen Strong Stable Inert G010067 Virgin Base oils are preferred for good quality lubricants Group Sulfur, Wt % Saturates V.I.I >0.03 and/or 95 Oxidation stability Long drain intervals Thermal stability Long drain intervals Less volatility Lesser emission HSHT Stability Shear stability Better control of viscosity over wide temperature range, i.e. High VI Lesser wear & tear/fuel economy Lesser oxidative material Long drain intervals 11 Additives provide different properties to lubricants Detergents Cleaning Dispersants Keep dirt in suspension Antioxidants Delay aging/oxidation Anti wear Reduce wear & tear VI improvers To maintain visco-metrics across wide temperature range Pour point depressants Improve low temperature flow Anti-foam Prevent foaming Friction modifiers Reduce friction/Improve fuel economy EP chemicals Prevent metal to metal contact Tackiness additives Improve tackiness 12 13 Viscosity Index Improvers Dispersants Rust and Corrosion Inhibitor Foam Inhibitors Antiwear Agents Anti- oxidants Detergents Pour Point Depressants Friction Modifiers Its Not Just Oil It is properly balanced complex mixture of active chemicals All compete for same surface area High quality base oil Finished product 14 PetrolDiesel 15 Engine oil represent ~ 70 % of total lubricant market in Sri Lanka There are two main classifications (1) Performance(2) Viscosity (flow property) Performance Classifications In order to protect engines, engine oils should meet some performance standards. Commonly used classification is API (American Petroleum Institute) Other classifications are : ILSAC, ACEA , JASO Viscosity Classification SAE Numbers Society of Automotive Engineers SJ SC SF 1968 1980 1972 1989 1994 1996 SD SE SG SH 2000 API S Engine Service ClassificationsSL 1964 2004 SM Sri Lanka Min Standard SN 2010 CF CA CDCECF-4 CG-4 CH-4 CI-4 CI-4 +CJ-4 CD-II CF-2 How can a buyer check this? API C Diesel Engine Classifications Sri Lanka Min Standard SAE VISCOSITY GRADES for ENGINE OILS-(SAE J300) SAE Low-TempLow-Temp PumpingHigh-TempHigh-Temp/High-Shear Viscosity Cranking Viscosity, maxViscosity, KinematicViscosity at Grade Viscosity (no yield stress) cSt @ 100C 150C & 106s-1 max, cP @ CcP @ C minmax min, cP 0W6200 at -3560 000 at -403.8-- 5W6600 at -3060 000 at -353.8-- 10W7000 at -2560 000 at -304.1-- 15W7000 at -2060 000 at -255.6-- 20W9500 at -1560 000 at -205.6-- 25W 13000 at -1060 000 at -159.3-- 20--5.6< 9.32.6 30--9.3< 12.52.9 40--12.5< 16.32.9 (1)3.7 (2) 50- -16.3< 21.93.7 60- -21.9< 26.13.7 (1) SAE 0W, 5W and 10W multigrades(2) SAE 15W, 20W, 25W multigrades and 40 grade 19 Multi grade oils e.g. 15W-40 20 21 22 23 24 It is important to understand the increasing demand for engine oil quality with these new design changes. Use of wrong lubricant will lead to severe engine failures 25 26 27 Oronite 2010 28 Oronite 2010 29 All modern engines require multi grade technology Engine oil technology is moving towards lower viscosity grades. All high performance engine oils require base oils of API Gr 2 or above If correct engine oil is not used in modern engines there can be severe premature engine failures. It is our duty to educate all customers on the required engine oil quality levels. Small engines like motorcycle, out board motor, etc. also require modern additive chemistry and high quality base oils (Gr 2 or above) Always use virgin base oils to maintain required quality. It is our responsibility to take this industry to higher levels in parallel with new advancements in engine technology 30 31