Overview of Lebanon’s...Overview of Lebanon’s experiences in the BUR preparation process Lea Kai...
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Overview of Lebanon’s experiences in the BUR preparation process Lea Kai – Project Manager
Transcript of Overview of Lebanon’s...Overview of Lebanon’s experiences in the BUR preparation process Lea Kai...
Overview of Lebanon’s
experiences in the BUR
preparation process
Lea Kai – Project Manager
3BUR 4NC project
2019- 20221999 2010 2016
2015 2017
Fourth
National
Communication
Third
Biennial
Update
Report
2021
2019
Lebanon’s INDC
Cut CO2 emissions
15%
30%
Unconditional target
Conditional to finance, technical support
and capacity building
Most recent GHG inventory (BUR2)
1994
• 26,285 Gg CO2eq.
• 3.4% increase per
year
• Doubling of emissions
since 1994
• GHG emissions trend
closely follows trend
of energy sector
Energy56%Transport
23%
Industrial processes 10%
Agriculture4%
Land Use, Land use change and forestry
0%
Waste7%
2013
Lebanon GHG emission trend (1994 - 2012)
-5,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Power Transport Agriculture Waste IPPU LULUCF net removal
14.09.2018
Emission from
Lebanon‘s Energy
Sector in 2012
Emissions and removals from LULUCF
The “Good Practice Guidance” (GPG 2003) is aland-use category based approach for theestimation of the GHG emissions/removals forthe LULUCF sector.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC), the LULUCF sector isdescribed in six broad land-use categories forreporting national inventories:
Forest Land
Cropland
Grassland
Wetland
Settlement
Other Land
Change detection analysis involved the use of multi-temporal satellite remote sensing data as part ofthe Approach 3 in the GPG, which allowed moreprecise estimation of land use and land coverchange areas and the accurate mapping of burnedareas.
Methodology for data collection
•Approach 3 Tier 3
•Literature review Tier 2
•Surveys and interviews Tier 2
•Global databases and IPCCGuidelines Tier 1
•Interpolations and extrapolations of the aboveacquired data
Activity data
•Literature review Tier 2
•Surveys and interviews Tier 2
•IPCC Defaults (EFDB) Tier 1
•Global databases Tier 1
Emission/removal factors
Estimated land use categories
Categories SubcategoriesCO2 from Carbon
pools
Non-CO2
Gases
Forest land
Forest land remaining forest land:
• Broadleaf
• Coniferous
• Mixed
• Burned areas (by fuel type)• Aboveground
Biomass
• Belowground
Biomass
• Dead Organic
Matter (Dead
wood &
• Litter)
• Soil Organic Matter
CH4
N2O
CO
NOx
Land converted to forest land:
• New plantations by afforestation (mainly conifers)
Cropland
Cropland remaining cropland:
• Annual crops
• Perennial crops
• Burned areas (perennial crops)
Grassland
Grassland remaining grassland:
• Grasses (excluding woody perennials)
• Burned areas (by fuel type)
WetlandLand converted to wetland:
• Flooded areas (reservoirs)
Settlements
Land converted to settlements:
• Forest land converted to settlements
• Cropland converted to settlements
• Grassland converted to settlements
Contribution of categories in GHG emissions/removals
Forest land category was the major contributor to variations in GHGemissions/removals in the LULUCF sector
Emissions or removals from identified land use changes
The changes in Land Cover/Land Use resulted in gains and losses in biomass and carbon stocks in
soils and litter.
Emissions from land conversions, burning of biomass and fuelwood gathering were much higher
than the removals caused by the growth of new plantations (afforestation).
Experiences and Challenges regarding
Methods and Data
willingness of
data providers
to cooperate
availability of
data at the
data providers
role of data
provider in
data
collection,
review or
compilation
aim of data
collection and the
specific data
required not fully
understood by data
providers
Unlocking data
for GHG
inventories
requirements for timeliness
and cost effectiveness
continuous improvement of TACCC
through:
- improvement of national MRV system
- Applying ICA recommendations
Applying
systematic
and
consistent
QA/QC
measures
Lessons Learned and/or Best Practices
- Institutionalisation
of data exchange
- Create win-win
situations
- Find out the reason of
unavailability and
whether there is interest
in bridging gaps. If not
ask for expert judgement
to complete data sets
- Create win-win situations
Mentoring and
working sessions
approach
- MISCA
- Waste data
collection
template
Plan and
templates
developed
One major Gap: F-gases
Bank(i) = Pr(i) + Im(i) - Ex(i) + Bank(i-1) - Emission(i-1) - Dest(i-1)
Emission(i-1) = Bank(i-1) * EF + Rel(i-1)
Where
Bank(i) = Bank of year i
Pr(i) = Production of year i
Im(i) = Agent in Imports of year i
Ex(i) = Agent in Exports of year i
Bank(i-1) = Bank of year (i-1)
Emission(i-1) = Emissions of year (i-1)
Dest(i-1) = Destruction of agent in retired equipment of year (i-1)
EF = Composite Emission Factor
Rel(i-1) = Release of agent from retired equipment of year (i-1)
Points for discussion
F gases discussion:
- How is the data collection done? Surveys or customs data? How do
you calculate stock? Do you report SF6?
- How is the data collection done? Surveys or customs data? How do
you calculate stock? Do you report SF6?
- Do you collect data on Nitrogen used in hospitals?
- What are the data gaps?
- Are there institutional arrangements for sustainable data sharing?
- What is the role of the statistics department?
Points for discussion
Forestry discussion: using Approach 3 in the GHG inventory
- What are the pre requisites for a successful adoption of the approach 3 for
the calculation of GHG emissions from the forestry sector? What are the main
gaps, needs and challenges?
- what are the links between forest inventories and emission inventories?
- How are the satellite images read and interpreted? How is information
archived?
Points for discussion
Energy discussion:
Are there any other gaps in data availability? What is the level of aggregation
of the activity data?
What are the main assumptions? What is your expert judgement on how they
affect the results of the inventory?
Which tier level is used for the inventory? what is needed to move to higher
tier levels?
Are there any existing arrangements for the sustainable exchange of
information?
How would you characterize the move to the 2006 IPCC guidelines?
Mitigation actions and options
How things are done on our side?
Overview of Policy or Action
Electricity Policy Paper
Item 1.a: Barges
CO2 equivalent / MWh
(t CO2 / MWh)
PG (DO)Barges
(HFO)
%
Decrease
Barges 270 MW (HFO) 1,243,0151,155,65
97 %
Note: - Private Generation – PG Specific Fuel Oil Consumption SFOC around 222
g/kWh
- Barges guaranteed SFOC = 214 g/kWh
Overview of Policy or Action
Electricity Policy
Paper Item 1.b: Rapid
increase of the
installed capacity by
600 – 700 MW using
Combined Cycle Gas
Turbine (CCGT) and/or
Reciprocating Engines
CO2 equivalent / MWh
(t CO2 / MWh)
PG (DO)
New
Plants
(HFO)
%
Decrease
New
Plants
(NG)
%
Additional
Decrease
%
Cumulative
Decrease
Zouk ICE 194 MW (HFO)1,102,94
5853,217 23 % 573,303 25 % 48 %
Jiyeh ICE 78.2 MW (HFO) 444,589 345,104 22 % 241,708 23 % 46 %
DACCPP II 539.2 MW
(HFO)
2,992,67
7
2,308,57
523 %
1,716,90
220 % 43 %
Note: - Zouk ICE SFOC = 178.06 g/kWh, Jiyeh ICE SFOC = 178.67 g/kWh,
DA II SFOC = 177.56 g/kWh
Overview of Policy or Action Electricity Policy
Paper Item 1.c:
Rehabilitate,
maintain, replace, or
upgrade existing
plants to increase
their overall
capacity by about
245 MW.
CO2 equivalent / MWh
(t CO2 / MWh)
Before
Rehab /
Upgrade
After
Rehab /
Upgrade
%
Decreas
e
After
Rehab /
Upgrade
(NG)
%
Additiona
l
Decrease
%
Cumulativ
e
Decrease
Zouk Thermal 607 MW
Rehabilitation
1,101,8
51816,186 26 % N.A. N.A. N.A.
Deir Ammar & Zahrani
CCPP Upgrades (63
MW)
3,516,4
46
3,165,27
710 %
2,770,9
6511 % 21 %
Tyr & Baalbek
Combined Cycle Add
On
282,868 191,436 32 % 137,148 19 % 52 %
Reporting energy mitigation measures
Estimating reduction potential from
energy sector
Reporting
mitigation actions
in LULUCF
Reporting mitigation actionsin LULUCF
Estimating potential removals in forestry
Points for discussion
- Are the institutions responsible for tracking mitigation actions the
same than the ones responsible for collection of activity data?
- Is there a mainstreamed methodology for tracking and reporting
mitigation actions? What are its main elements?
- What models do you use for the mitigation options analysis? What are the
main assumptions made? How do you think they affect the projections?
Institutional arrangements
National Context
3 national communications
(1999, 2011 and 2016)
2 BURs (2015 and 2017)
Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines
GPG and uncertainty
management
GPG for LULUCF
Ministry of
environment
compilation
team
consultants
+…………..
+…………
+…………..
+…………….
National GHG Inventory System
Data providers:
- Government institutions
- International Organizations
- Syndicates
- Universities
- Private sector
Adoption of emission factors:
- Independent experts
- Ministries
- IPCC guidelines
Preparation of sectoral GHG inventory
(Coordinator: Ministry of Environment)
Energy
(Ministry of Environment.
Transport outsourced to
independent consultant)
Industrial
processes
(Ministry of
Environment)
Agriculture
(Ministry of
Environment)
LULUCF
(Outsourced to
University of
Balamand)
Waste
(Ministry of
Environment)
Compilation and
computation of emissions
(Ministry of Environment)
Documentation and archiving
(Ministry of Environment)
Drafting of inventory report
with trend analysis
(Ministry of Environment)
Improvements:
- Industry (cement)
- Transport
- EnergyQC general procedures
(Ministry of Environment)
Capacity building on IPCC and
UNFCCC guidelines
(Ministry of Environment)
GHG inventory system
Points for discussion
Statistics’ discussion: collection, archiving and communication of activity with QA/QC and uncertainty analysis
- Is the statistics department responsible for collecting data or only archiving data?
- At what level are QA/QC and uncertainty measures of data series implemented?
- What is the role of the statistics department in filling data gaps?
- Are there any institutional arrangements for sustainable data exchange?
- how do you collect activity data for the IPPU sector?
Finance discussion: reporting of support needed and received
- Is there systematic collection of information on climate finance related information? Are there institutional arrangements for data sharing?
-Is there a specific template?
- What are the main challenges for the successful completion of this part of the BUR
You are all invited to a
Lebanese Diner Tonight at
7.30
at Denieh Hek الدنيا هيك
