Overview of Global fashion IndustryOverview of Global fashion Industry

Session 3Session 3

Stages of development in the textile ComplexStages of development in the textile Complex• The embryonic stage• Early export apparels• More advanced production of fabric and

apparel • Golden age • Full Maturity • Significant decline

• The embryonic stage• Early export apparels• More advanced production of fabric and

apparel • Golden age • Full Maturity • Significant decline

The embryonic stageThe embryonic stage

• Poorest and least developed countries • More cottage industries and domestic

consumption • Production of natural fibers & cotton for

export to earn foreign exchange

• Poorest and least developed countries • More cottage industries and domestic

consumption • Production of natural fibers & cotton for

export to earn foreign exchange

Early export apparelsEarly export apparels

• Low wage labor • Labor intensive • Involves assembling components, ethnic clothing

& extensive handiwork • Some technical aspect not perfected and quality

unpredictable • E.g.. Nepal, Bangladesh, Latin America &

Caribbean countries

• Low wage labor • Labor intensive • Involves assembling components, ethnic clothing

& extensive handiwork • Some technical aspect not perfected and quality

unpredictable • E.g.. Nepal, Bangladesh, Latin America &

Caribbean countries

More advanced production of fabric & apparelMore advanced production of fabric & apparel

• Domestic production improves in volume, quality & sophistication

• Fabric may be exported • They develop their own fiber production , including

manufactured fibers • Import substitution is encouraged. • E.g. More advance ASEAN Members • (Association of Southeast Asian nations

Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines.) & Mainland China .

• Domestic production improves in volume, quality & sophistication

• Fabric may be exported • They develop their own fiber production , including

manufactured fibers • Import substitution is encouraged. • E.g. More advance ASEAN Members • (Association of Southeast Asian nations

Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines.) & Mainland China .

Golden ageGolden age• Increasing enlarged and sophisticated textile and

apparel production • Powerful force in international markets• Invest in industries of other countries• The increase in sophistication in other sectors

may favor certain other industries and depend less on textile complex.

• E.g. Korea & Taiwan

• Increasing enlarged and sophisticated textile and apparel production

• Powerful force in international markets• Invest in industries of other countries• The increase in sophistication in other sectors

may favor certain other industries and depend less on textile complex.

• E.g. Korea & Taiwan

Full MaturityFull Maturity

• increase in out but decline in employment • Production is capital intensive • Large capital investments are used offset

the labor advantages in competing nations and also may be required for more complex products.

• E.g. US, Japan & Italy

• increase in out but decline in employment • Production is capital intensive • Large capital investments are used offset

the labor advantages in competing nations and also may be required for more complex products.

• E.g. US, Japan & Italy

Significant declineSignificant decline

• Final stages • No. of firms & no. Workers in the textile

complex decrease significantly • Substantial portion of the labor intensive

apparel production is sent to low wage counties for sewing operations

• E.g. UK, Germany, France, Belgium& Netherlands

• Final stages • No. of firms & no. Workers in the textile

complex decrease significantly • Substantial portion of the labor intensive

apparel production is sent to low wage counties for sewing operations

• E.g. UK, Germany, France, Belgium& Netherlands

Textile & apparel stages of development in relation

to broader development

Textile & apparel stages of development in relation

to broader development

• Developing stages • More developed stages • Labor issues

– Women workers – Child labor – Sweat Shops – Efforts to monitor & correct labor issues

• Developing stages • More developed stages • Labor issues

– Women workers – Child labor – Sweat Shops – Efforts to monitor & correct labor issues