Overview of Chapter 6

Douglas S. Cairns

Lysle A. Wood Distinguished Professor

2-7

Basic Forces

Lift

Weight

Drag

Thrust

Trim

2-8

Actual Basic Forces(ala Doug Chapman, Montana Aircraft)

Dreams

Reality

FAA

$

2-9

What’s in Weight?Lift

Weight

Drag

Thrust

TrimPayload

Fuel

AirplaneOperating

EmptyWeight (OEW)

Reserves

Operating items

Systems

Propulsion

Landing Gear

Body

Wing & Tails

Food, Supplies

Navigate, control and support life

Generate force to move airplane

Support airplane on the ground

Enclose the payload

Provide lift

Paying Passengers and Cargo

The “Model” for CP-1 Propeller Examples in Chapter 6

Cessna 182 Skylane, second most popular general aviation airplane of all time

(first is Cessna 172 Skyhawk)

Typical C182 Performance Data

• Horsepower: 230 • Gross Weight: 2800 lbs • Top Speed: 148 kts • Empty Weight: 1620 lbs • Cruise Speed: 141 kts • Fuel Capacity: 65.00 gal • Stall Speed (dirty): 48 kts • Range: 550 nm   • Takeoff Ground Roll: 625 ft Over 50 ft obstacle: 1205 ft • Landing Ground Roll 590 ft Over 50 ft obstacle: 1350 ft   • Rate Of Climb: 980 fpm   Ceiling: 18,900 ft

Dr. Cairns’ 1957 182A“Straight Tail 182”

C182A Performance

• Horsepower: 230 • Gross Weight: 2650 lbs • Top Speed: 148 kts • Empty Weight: 1620 lbs • Cruise Speed: 141 kts • Fuel Capacity: 55.00 gal • Stall Speed (dirty): 48 kts • Range: 450 nm   • Takeoff Ground Roll: 620 ft Over 50 ft obstacle: 1080 ft • Landing Ground Roll 610 ft Over 50 ft obstacle: 1310 ft   • Rate Of Climb: 1030 fpm   Ceiling: 19,800 ft

The “Model” for CJ-1 Jet Examples in Chapter 6

Typical CJ3 Performance Data

Citation CJ3• Manufacturer:  Cessna

Class:  Mid SizedSeating:  6Lavatory:  enclosed Cabin Dimensions:  4.80 x 4.80 x 15.20 (H-W-L)Storage Capacity:  65 cu ftMax Payload:  5,370 lbTake Off Distance:  3180ftClimb Rate:  4478 fpmCruise Speed:  417 mphMaximum Range:  1875 nmCruise Altitude:  45000 ft

Typical Load Factors

• Acrobatic , -10 to 12 (only a few pilots capable of performing with these loads)

• Fighter Aircraft, -6 to 8• General Aviation, Utility, -1.5 to 4.4• General Aviation, Standard, -1.5 to 3.8• Commercial Transport, -1.5 to 2.5• Heavy Transport, Bombers, -1.0 to 2.0• Helicopters (most not capable of negative load factors)• UAVs (since unmanned, can have much higher load

factors than manned)