Overview of c (2)

Overview of “C”

1By Abhinav and Aayush

History Of C Language

• The origin of C language dates back to 1972.

• Dennis M. Ritchie is the man who owns the credit of creating the C language.

• Although created in 1972, it was standardized in 1989 by ANSI(American National Standard Institute). It came to be known as ANSI C.

• Some of them have even provided an integrated development environment, more commonly known as IDE.


Structure of a C program

Documention

File include section

Symbolic Constant Definition

Global Declaration

Main()

{

Declaration

Executable Statements

}

Function 1

{

Declaration

Executable Statement

}

Function N

Optional Section used for Decoumention and global declarations

Compulsory Section for all Executable C program

Optional Section used to write user defined functions


Character set of C

• Letters(a To z and A To Z)

• Digits (0 ,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)

• White spaces(Blank space, Form feed, Horizontal tab, New line, vertical tab)

• Special Characters( & , ‘ * @ \ {} [] ^ : $ = ! / > # < - () % . + ? “ ; _ |)


(Keyword)#include<stdio.h>

main()

{

int i_tot_cost, i_qty=12,i_cost=50;

clrscr();

i_tot_cost=i_qty*i_cost;

Printf(“Cost of %d items is %d”,i_qrt,i_cost);

return;

}

(Constant)

(Identifier)

(Operator)

(String)

(Special Character)


Keyword

Auto double int stuct

Break else long switch

Case enum register typedef

Char extern return union

Const float short unsigned

Continue for signed void

Default goto sizeof volatile

Do if static while


Constant

Constant

Numeric

Character

Symbolic

Black Slash

(1) Integer(2) Real

(1) Single Character(2) String

7

Eg.-“\n”

By Abhinav and Aayush

Back Slash Characters

Back Slash Characters ASCII Value

\0 0

\a 7

\b 8

\t 9

\n 10

\f 12

\* 34


Data Types

Primitive Non-Primitive

Int char floatvoid pointer

Array EnumStruct


Input and Output Functions

Formatted FunctionFunction Used for

Scanf Input

Printf Output

unformatted FunctionFunction Used for

Getchar() input

Gets() input

Getc() input

Putchar() output

Putc() output

Puts() output


Input

• scanf(“string”,&address_list_of_identifiers);

• identifier name=getchar();

• identifier name=getc(stdin);

• gets(identifier name);


Output

Printf(“message string”);

Putchar(“a”);

putc(“a”);

puts(“identifier name”);


Operator

Arithmetic

Assignment

Relation

Increment/Decrement

Conditional

Logical

Bitwise

Special


Arithmetic Operators

+ Addition operator

- Subtraction operator

• Multiplication operator

/ Division operator

% Module operator


Assignment Operators

Identifier A0p=constant value;

Ex-

Area=(base * height)/2;

Roll_no=14;


Relational Operators

== Equal to

!= Not Equal to

> Greater than

< Less than

>= Greater than Equal to

<= Less than Equal to


Increment and Decrement Operators

++identifier or identifier++

--identifier or identifier—


Condition

(condition) ? (true statement) : (false statement)

Ex-

i_minimum=(i_num1<=i_num2)?(i_num1):(i_num2);

Printf(“the min value of the two is %d”,i_minimum);


Logical Operators

&& Logical AND

|| Logical Or

! Logical NOT


Bitwise Operators

& Bitwise AND

| Bitwise OR

~ Bitwise NOT

^ Bitwise Exclusive OR


Special Operators

• Category Symbol

• Sizeof sizeof()

• Pointer & , *

• Member Selection . , ->


If Statement

if(test condition)

Action statement;

If-else Statementif(test condition)

{

True action statement;

}

else

{

False action statement;

}22By Abhinav and Aayush

Switch

Switch(expression)

{

Case v1:

Action block 1;

break;

-

-

Case value N :

Action block N;

Break;

Default :

Action block;

Break;

} 23By Abhinav and Aayush

For loop

For(initiailization; condition;increment)

{

Action block;

}

while loop

While(test condition)

Action block;24By Abhinav and Aayush

Do while

Do

{

Action block;

}

While(test condition);


Goto

goto label;


Types of function

• Function with no parameter and no return value

• Function with no parameter and return value

• Function with parameter and return value

• Function with parameter and no return value


Steps of function

• Function declaration( above main function)

• Function call(in the main function)

• Function definition( below main function)


Call by value

Function call time passing value it is called “call by value”.

C=add(a,b)

Call by referenceFunction call time passing address it is called

“call by reference”.

C=add(&a,&b)


Types of array

• Single-dimensional array

• Two-dimensional array

• Multi-dimensional array


Single-dimensional array

If an array has only one dimensional, it is call Single-dimensional array

Syntax-

Type arrayname[size];

Ex-

Int a[5];


Two-dimensional array

If an array has only two dimensional, it is call two-dimensional array

Syntax-

Type arrayname[size] [size] [size];

Ex-

Int [5][5];


Multi-dimensional array

If an array has two or more dimensional it is call multi-dimensional array

Syntax-

Type arrayname[size] [size] [size];

Exp-

Int [5][5][2];


String

One or more character are called string.

Syntax

Data type string name[size];

Ex-

Char name[10];


Type of string

• Strcat()-join two string

• Strcpy()-one string copy to another

• Strcmp()-comparison two strings.

• Strlen()-length


Strcat()

S1=abc S2=def

S3=strcat(S1,S2);

abcdef

Strcpy()S1=abc S2=def

S3=strcpy(S1,S2);

def


Strcmp()

S1=abc S2=xaz

S3=strcmp(S1,S2)

a

Strlen()S1=tbs

n=strlen(S1);

n=3


Structure

• Structure is user define data type it is used to collection of deffertent data item in single location.

Syntax-

Struct structure name

{

Data item 1

--

--

}


Union

Union are same to Structure. One different

between structure and union. Structure

member’s memory allocate every member but

union have only one member’s memory

allocate.


Thank You


Overview of c (2)

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