OVERVIEW

NOVA’S CRISIS INTERVENTION MODEL

GROUP CRISIS INTERVENTION GCI

CRISIS REACTION

PHYSICAL

Immobilization (“frozen fright”)

Mobilization (fight, flight, or adapt)

Exhaustion (problem of sleep)

CRISIS REACTION

EMOTIONAL

Shock, Disbelief, Denial, Regression

Cataclysmic emotions

Fear, Anger, Confusion, Frustration, Guilt, Shame, Grief

Reconstruction of (new) equilibrium

DIAGRAMMING A DISASTER BY TYPE:

Disaster Impact Step One: Determine the cause of the

disaster: natural, human, technological Step Two: Determine the element involved:

earth, wind, fire, water, people Step Three: Determine issues of concern:

sensorial, duration, conceptual

Diagramming a Disaster

Sensorial Involvement

Smell

Taste

Touch

Sight

Auditory

Diagramming a DisasterChronology

Pre-disaster EquilibriumPrevious disaster historyCultural/economic tensions

WarningCharacterized by anxietyDisaster subculturesCredible vs. non-credible

Diagramming a Disaster Chronology

Threat

Responses vary:

emotional

problem-solving

disengagement or “blunting”

Diagramming a DisasterChronology

ImpactTiming may add to sense of unrealityTime warpDuration

Survival issuesCommunity pre-occupationLow point vs. no low point

Diagramming a DisasterChronology

Inventory

Disorientation

Silence

Assessment/triage

Diagramming a DisasterChronology

Rescue

Remedy/MitigationDisaster euphoriaDisillusionment

Adjustment Stages

Diagramming a DisasterSpatial Dimensions

Convergence

Proximity

Remoteness

Geographic Spread

Diagramming a Disaster

Role Dimensions Assessment of Social Disruption

Practical

Emotional Distinguishing Features of Community

Tragedy

Elements of Crisis Intervention

Safety and Security

Ventilation and Validation

Prediction and Preparation

Group Crisis Intervention(GCI) Techniques

Purpose:Address large numbers Provide peer validationProvide written validation through scribeBegin repair of community’s social fabricEducate community membersAffirm hope for the future

Group Crisis Intervention

LogisticsWho and How Many?Where?When?How Long?Setup

Group Crisis InterventionRoles

Lead Facilitator

Support Facilitator – “Scribe”

Other GCI Supporters

NOVA Basic GCI Process

Introduction Ground Rules Questions

Sensorial, Memories, Prediction and Preparation, Follow-up

Education/Summary

Special IssuesDeath

Emotions:

Fear, Anger, Guilt, Shame Loss Grief Death Notification

Special IssuesLong Term Stress

Post-Trauma Character Changes

Trigger Events

Secondary Injuries

Special IssuesSpirituality

Trauma Impacts Faith Power of Prayer in Crisis Power of Ritual in Crisis Ethical Guidelines for Helpers

Survivors are Vulnerable

Respect Ritual and Practices

Special IssuesCulture

Matrix of Influences Cultural Action Plan

Education

Geography, History, Rituals and Routines

Entrance into a Different Culture

Respect and Good Will

Special IssuesChildren

Developmental Stages Spasmodic Crisis Reactions Death Issues Lack of Denial Grief Impact of Parent Loss

Special IssuesElders

Challenges of Aging

Season of Losses

Trauma Shatters Beliefs

Organizing Crisis Response Teams

GoalsAssist local caregivers in planning

Support local caregivers

Train local caregivers

Provide crisis intervention

Organizing Crisis Response Teams

Levels of Service Team Member Roles:

HQ Staff, Team Leader, Team Manager, Media Liaison, Others (“Worker Bees”)

Local Host Flow of Activities