Overview - George Mason University
Transcript of Overview - George Mason University
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BMLEnabledInforma1onExchangeFramework
inSESontologyforC2
HojunLeeBernardP.Zeigler
ArizonaCenterforIntegra1veModeling&Simula1onUniversityofArizona
andRTSyncCorp
Overview
• Mo#va#on:ontology‐baseddatafusionforC2
• Review– theInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)andthe
SystemEn#tyStructure(SES)
– JDLDataFusionProcessModel
– BaJleManagementLanguage(BML)
• Approachtointegra#ngBMLintotheIEFintheC2DataFusionContext
• Resul#ngArchitectureforC2DataFusion
• Conclusions/FutureWork
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C2NeedsforOntology‐basedDataFusionFramework
• C2needsinforma#on– Firststeptoplanmilitaryopera#onsisgatheringinforma#on.
– Morerefinedinforma#onismorevaluable.
• C2systemsneedanInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)tosupportsrequestsforhighlevelinforma#onaswellassimpleobjectdatafromvariousinforma#onsources
• BaJleManagementLanguage(BML)expressesuserrequirementsandinvokesinforma#onexchangeprocessinSESontology.
Informa1onExchangeFramework
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ApproachtoIntegra1ngBMLintotheInforma1onExchangeFramework
DevelopSESsfor• Radar• Rela1ons• Threats
ExtendBMLtoexpressrequestsfor• AirTargets:Level1info• AirSitua1on:Level2info• AirThreat:Level3info
ExtendBMLtoexpressreportstomatchlevelsofrequests
DevelopPruningandTransforma1onOpera1onstosa1sfytheBMLrequest
JDLDataFusionProcessModel(1/2)Refinementprocessesinsensornetworksmappingrawdataintouseableproducts
Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Model
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JDLDataFusionProcessModel(2/2)
• Level0apreprocessingsteponsensorlevel• Level1(ObjectRefinement)–refinetheobjectsor
en##es’representa#on
• Level2(Situa#onRefinement)–describethecurrentrela#onshipsamongen##es.
• Level3(ThreatRefinement)–projectcurrentsitua#ontothenearfuture
• Level5(UserRefinement)–emphasisonuserrolesincehigherlevelinforma1onisrelatedtotemporal/spa1alcoordinatesspecifiedbyusers
correspondstothepragma#cframeinIEF
Background‐SystemEn1tyStructure(SES)
• En1ty:realworldobjects,madeofotherchildrenen##es.
• Aspect:representsthelabeleddecomposi#onrela#onbetweentheparentandthechildren.
• Specializa1on:labeledrela#onthatexpressesalterna#vechoicesthatasystemen#tycantakeon.
• Mul1‐Aspect:isanaspectthatexpressesanallofonekinddecomposi#on.
• Variables:areslotsaJachedtoanen#ty.Theslotscantakevaluesinaspecifictypeandrange.
• inheritance:theparentandanychildofaspecializa#oncombinetheirindividualvariables,aspectsandspecializa#onswhenpruningisac#vated
A formal framework for ontology development • especially to enable automation in modeling and simulation • applicable to complex data-engineering • set-theoretically defined • implemented in XML-based SES-Builder
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SystemEn1tyStructure:WineOntologyExample
WhiteWineColor
Regions
Region MultiAsp
Wine
WineColorSpec
RedWineColor
RoseWineColor
Region
WineTasteSpec
regionGrows
regionGrowsMultiAsp
wineCountryDec
Region Wine
wineCountry
WineDec
WineGrowing entity
aspect
specialization multiple aspect
SESSupportsStructureMappings
• Structuralopera#onsinSESontologyframework– Pruning:opera#ontocutoffunnecessarystructureinSES
• Assignsomevaluestospecificen##es
• Trimtogeten##eswhichuserrequires
– Transforma#on:mappingfromoneontologytoanother.
• Theseopera#onsareinvokedbyuserrequirements–thepragma#cframeinInforma#onExchangeFramework(IEF)
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Ba]leManagementLanguage(BML)• Aformalcommandandcontrollanguage
– Anunambiguouslanguageusedtocommandandcontrolforcesandequipmentconduc1ngmilitaryopera1ons
– toprovideforsitua1onalawarenessandshared,commonopera1onalpictures– understandabletohumansandmachines
• Intendedtobridgegapbetween– C2system(Human)andsimulatedforces(Machines).– C2system(Human)andrealforces(Human).– C2system(Human)androbo1cforces(Machine)infuture
• OrderandRequest
– OB→VerbTaskerTaskee(Affected|Ac#on)WhereStart‐When(End‐When)WhyLabel(Mod)*
• Report– RB→task‐reportVerbExecuter(Affected|Ac#on)WhereWhen(Why)Certainty
Label(Mod)*
– RB→event‐reportEVerb(Affected|Ac#on)WhereWhenCertainlyLabel(Mod)*– RB→status‐reportHos#lityRegarding(Iden#fica#onStatus‐value)WhereWhen
CertaintyLabel(Mod)*
FocusonRequestandReport
ExtendingBMLtotheInforma1onExchangeFramework
• BMLisextendedtoexpressmilitarypragma#cframesforhighlevelinforma#onfusioninsensornetworks
• Request– OB→requestContentsTaskerTaskee(Affected|Ac#on)Interest‐
Where(Tasker‐Where)Start‐When(End‐When)(Interval‐When)WhyLabel(Mod)*
– Applyvarious‘Contents’formul#‐levelinforequest.• AirTargetsInfo:Level1info• AirSitua#on:Level2info• AirThreat:Level3info
– Add‘Tasker‐Where’and‘Interval‐When’forhighlevelinfoprocess.
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ExtendingBMLforIEF(Cont’d)
• Report– RB→status‐reportHos#lity(Rela#ons/Situa#on)(Threat)Regarding(Iden#fica#onStatus‐value)WhereWhenCertaintyLabel(Mod)*
– Add‘Rela#ons/Situa#on’and‘Threat’forlevel2/3info.
Click to Expand
Click to Expand
DetermineRela1onsbyfeatures• Affilia1onbyiff• Speedbyvelocity• Aggressivenessbyotherreports
• Distancebyrela1vedistancerangebetweentargetsandusers
• Direc1onbyrela1vetargetheading
Transforma1onandPruning:Rela1ontoThreatSESs
Rela#on‐SES
Threat-SES
Example:Atargetishos#le,slow,neutral,away,outofwarningrange,outofac#onrangefromthecommander.
PredefinedRulesmapthesetofrela1onstothethreattypesinThreat‐SES
Example:Thetargetiscau#ous.
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Resul1ngDataFusionSystemArchitecture
Conclusions
• Weproposedaninforma#onexchangeframeworkfordatafusioninsensornetworks
• ExtendedBMLtoexpresspragma#cframesinaunambiguousway
• BMLrequestsinvokeontologicalopera#onsinSEStoprovidethreatlevelreportschemata
• Theapproachcaststhedatafusionprocessdevelopmentwithinanontologicalframeworkthatisamenabletomodelingandsimula#on
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FutureWork
• Studycompa#bilityofourapproachwithexis#ngBMLsystem.
• ExtendframeworktofabricatethewholebaJle‐fieldpictureincludinggroundpicture.
• StudyinteroperabilityissueswithanothermessageformatsuchasCursoronTarget(CoT).
• FurtherdevelopmentforGIG/SOAWebServicescontext– NetworkCentricEnterpriseServices(NCES)andNetEnabledC2
(NECC)maybenefitfromtheBMLenhancedInforma#onExchangeFramework
devsworld.org www.acims.arizona.edu Rtsync.com
BooksandWebLinks
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MoreDemosandLinksh]p://www.acims.arizona.edu/demos/demos.shtml
• NTAC_DEMO(Marketplace_demo,MarketplaceObserver_demo)
• IntegratedDevelopmentandTes1ngMethodology:
• AutoDEVS(ppt)&DEMO
– Naturallanguage‐basedAutomatedDEVSmodelgenera1on
– BPMN/BPEL‐basedAutomatedDEVSmodelgenera1on
– Net‐centricSOAExecu1onofDEVSmodels
– DEVSUnifiedProcessforIntegratedDevelopmentandTes1ngofSOA
• IntrusionDetec1onSystemonDEVS/SOA
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BACKUP
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BMLforIEFHowBMLinvokesontologicalopera#onsinSES
– PruningBML‐SESinSchemaformat
BMLforIEF
• PrunedBML‐SESextractsdatafromprunedRadar‐SES(mappingrela#onsfromBML‐SEStoRadar‐SES)– Radar‐SESisaSESontologytodealwithradardata
• ForLevel1– BindprunedBML‐SESwithextracteddata
– Sendbacktouser
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RadarSES
Red dot lines represent pruned entities
BMLforIEF
• ForLevel2/3– ProceedtoSitua#onAwarenessprocessinSESontology
– FeaturebasedRela#on‐SESpruningprocess– Rela#onsandRulebasedThreat‐SESpruningprocess
– BindprunedBMLwithlevel2/3datainprunedRela#on‐SESandprunedThreat‐SES.
– Sendbacktouser
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Examples
• Scenario1– Thecommanderof01baJalionwantstoreceivecon#nually
updatedbasicinforma#onofair‐targetsconcerningdangerousflyingobjectsintheneighborhoodofapoint(Xp,Yp)inCartesiancoordinatesystemwithradiusof4miles,tounderstandcurrentairspacesitua#on.
• BMLRequest– requestAirTargetsInfo01Bat001FCatXp,Ypwithradiusof4startatnowlabel‐r‐001
– ‘Where’couldbearea,notpinpoint.Soitisassumedasacircle.
• ‘AirTargetsInfo’ requests Level 1 info and perform a pruning process in BML-SES
Examples
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• Data binding with data in pruned Radar-SES • BML Report at every interval period
• status-report one hostile interceptor at 30, 30 at now fact label-sr-001
• Scenario 2 • The same commander now wants to recognize threatening targets
in the same area. He wants to determine whether or not he needs to turn the unit to yellow alert in accordance with the received threat analysis results.
Examples
Examples
• BMLRequest– requestAirThreat01Bat 001FCatXp,Ypwithradiusof4at
Uxp,Uypstartatnowlabel‐r‐002
– Adduserloca#oninfoforlevel2,3processes.– ‘AirThreat’invokeslevel3process.Dothesamepruningas
example1exceptlevelen##es.
• FeaturebasedpruninginRela#ons‐SES– Targetfeatures:loca#on,velocity,heading,iff– Userfeatures:loca#on
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Examples
– DetermineRela#onsbyfeatures• Affilia#onbyiff
• Speedbyvelocity• Aggressivenessbyotherreports• Distancebyrela#vedistancerangebetweentargetsandusers• Direc#onbyrela#vetargetheading
– Itcouldbethefollowingrela#onset:• Atargetishos#le,slow,neutral,away,outofwarningrange,outofac#onrangefromthecommander.
• PredefinedRulesaboutthesetofrela#onsdeterminesthethreattypesinThreat‐SES– Thetargetiscau#ous.
Examples
• ItcomesbacktoC2systemasareport:– status‐reportonehos#lecau#ousinterceptor
at32,32atnowfactlabel‐sr‐002