Overview and tentative results of the HyUnder project · -storage at large scale in long-term. •...
Transcript of Overview and tentative results of the HyUnder project · -storage at large scale in long-term. •...
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Ulrich Bünger, German Case Study Coordinator, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik
Joint NOW GmbH – FCH JU Water Electrolysis Day 3 April 2014, White Atrium, Avenue de la Toison d’Or 56-60, 1060 Brussels, Belgium
Overview and tentative results of the HyUnder project
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HyUnder, Assessment of the potential, the actors and relevant business cases for large scale and seasonal storage of renewable electricity by hydrogen underground storage in Europe (www.hyunder.eu )
Duration 24 months, from 18/06/2012 to 17/06/2014
Budget: 1.766.516 € / Funding: 1.193.273 €
12 project partners from 7 countries (DE, FR, UK, ES, NL, RO, BE): 3 large industry, 7 institutes/consultants, 2 SMEs.
17 supporting partners 9 from energy sector (TSO, DSO, gas, electricity…), 5 other industry (chemical, gases, automotive) 3 regional authorities
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Hydrogen storage as part of energy chain
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Rationale
Why storing large scale intermittent renewable energies with hydrogen?
• Increasing fluctuating renewable energy in the long run need for electricity storage to ensure network reliability and flexibility.
• Large scale underground gas storage: relatively mature solution
• Thorough evaluation of hydrogen underground storage needed from a technical, economic and societal standpoint, providing understanding of:
‒ potential economic returns for investors;
‒ technical attractiveness for network operators and energy producers;
‒ potentially addressable markets for technology developers;
‒ benefits for the society as a whole, and how environmental risks are being evaluated and addressed for policy makers and citizens.
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WP1 Project coordination, administration & reporting
Project coordinator FHa
WP2
BenchmarkingH2 underground
storage
LBST
WP4
European mapping Of H2 underground
storage
DEEP
WP5
Above- and belowground
plant technologies
Shell
WP6
Representative Case StudiesD, E, F, NL, RO, UK
LBST, FHa, Hinicio/CEA, ECN, NHFCC, CENEX
WP
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Dis
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WP8
Executive summary report
LBST, all
WP3
Geologic options forH2 underground
storage
KBB
Approach and methodology 1/2
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“Toolbox”
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Approach and methodology 2/2
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Mixed Regional /European perspective:
• Development of individual Case Studies on H2 underground storage for Germany, Spain, the UK, Romania, France and the Netherlands, all based on a common methodology:
‒ Compare H2- vs other storage concepts/technologies.
‒ Regional storage prototype location analysis.
‒ Identification of ideal geological storage options.
‒ Assessment of plant technologies.
‒ Economic scenario assessment (static/dynamic).
‒ Introduction of hydrogen into different markets.
‒ Sensitivity analysis based on scenario assumptions.
‒ Comparison of individual Case Study results.
• Synthesize into one EU Action Plan / Roadmap.
Source: KBB
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Energy storage needs EU (100% REN)
NOV-12
• Assumption: 100% renewable energy power system • 1,300 GW wind, 830 GW PV,
50% of “excess” generation assumed
• Storage for “excess” capacity: • ca. 12 – 15% of annual EU electricity
consumption (2007)
• corresponding to 400 – 480 TWh (60% wind, 40% PV)
• H2 storage need of 50 TWh (220 GW) of energy capacity (discharge power) @ 60% hydrogen cavern cycle efficiency, H2out/H2in
• Beyond EU capacity of pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage!
• Theoretic comparison with large H2-cavern field (8x106 m3) capacity (scaling): • H2-storage capacity 1.3 TWhH2, discharge power 2.6 GW
• 85 cavern fields Sources: Greiner, M., et al.; Crotogino, F. et al. – 9th World Salt Symposium; VDE 2008
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Potential H2 demand German Case Study
NOV-12
• Industry is largest H2 user today, shift to renewable hydrogen will depend on H2 costs
• Transport sector may follow close in the future with best business potentials, but why build a large cavern at initially los costs?
• Following economic assessment, extensive use for re-electrification and use in natural gas grid most questionable
• On the other hand, scaling against hydrogen from surplus electricity (300-1,600 kt/a), the transport sector alone could use up all hydrogen provided by 2050 (1,700 kt/a, @50% fleet share)
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Analysis of underground salt structures
Source: DEEP Underground Engineering GmbH
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Storage potential for hydrogen across Europe
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Source: DEEP Underground Engineering GmbH
• Working hypothesis is that salt caverns are the most reasonable underground storage technology
• Ample hydrogen storage potentials in salt caverns exist at large scale across Europe, but with regional focus
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Belowground technology typically comprises:
• Storage cavern (development, O&M)
• Piping
• Safety devices
Aboveground technology typically comprises:
• Electrolysis
• Compressors
• Purification and drying
• Heat exchangers
• System controls
• Safety devices
• Storage means (i.e. buffering purposes)
• Hydrogen turbines Source: Shell Global Solutions
Plant technologies
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Dimensioning of H2 facility German Case Study
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Generic economic modeling approach
Source: Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH
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Generic electrolyser operation scheme
Source: Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH
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Tentative results – German Case Study
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1,92 1,841,83
3,33
2,25 2,17 1,98
3,32
0,61 0,58 0,59
0,57
0,70 0,670,62
0,562,17 2,16 2,49
2,17
1,97 1,95 2,24
2,57
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Mobility Industry NG grid Electricity Mobility Industry NG grid Electricity
CAPEX OPEX Electricity
2025 2050
Expected sales price
Positive marginNegativemargin
€/kgH2
Hydrogen production costs versus expected sales price
H2 delivery costs
Expected H2 sales price
Strongly depending on individual assumptions. Here e.g. electricity price from EEX.
• In short-term only transport sector could generate business cases
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Tentative conclusions from Case Studies
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• H2 underground storage technically feasible for large-scale storage of renewable electricity.
• Geological conditions and locations for salt caverns good but regionally limited, some excellent.
• Existing natural gas storage sites available and preferred initially.
• Electrolysis dominates total costs of H2 storage facility (> 80% @ 50% utilization).
• H2 storage at large scale commercially very challenging; only transport sector and possibly industry applications offering short- to medium-term commercial perspectives.
• H2 production from electrolysis and underground storage apparently need pull from mobility sector, otherwise unlikely to be implemented widely.
• Sensitivity analysis suggests that
– not all options have been understood for electricity sector (energy balancing services not fully considered), mostly depending on electricity market development and
– smaller cavern size for transition phase has negligible effect on cavern costs.
Mismatch between common sense based insight that large scale H2-for-electricity storage is indispensable and missing business case perspective from modelling. Better understanding of future energy markets needs to be developed.
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Expectations
Project Future Perspectives
• Opportunities for increasing cooperation and for building alliances: strengthen the relationship of the energy sector with the (smaller) hydrogen community. Opportunities for a European approach may arise.
• Opportunities for international collaboration: the project has already attracted the attention of non European companies, which contribute and cooperate by information exchange.
• Opportunity to contribute to the future FCH JU Programme: the project effectively paves the way for a real demonstration in underground storage.
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