Overview and Form Controls Applied to a Feature.pptjohnston/ME102_Lecture_Notes/GTOL … · •...

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Introduction to Geometric Tolerancing and Form Controls ASME Y14.5 2009 Geometric Tolerancing Overview Form Controls Applied to Features (Surfaces)

Transcript of Overview and Form Controls Applied to a Feature.pptjohnston/ME102_Lecture_Notes/GTOL … · •...

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Introduction to Geometric Tolerancing and Form ControlsASME Y14.5 2009

– Geometric Tolerancing Overview– Form Controls Applied to Features (Surfaces)

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Geometric Tolerancing• Is Primarily based on Function*• Created from the need for mass‐produced interchangeable parts (Vs the old “File to Fit” Method)

• Provides more precise interpretations of drawings• Provides a common symbol/numeric system for international interpretation*

• Allows for looser Dimensional/Size Tolerances• Can Indicate

• How parts Fit/Function in the Assembly• Inspection Methods• How to set up part in Machine

• Geometric tolerances don’t need to be used for every feature of a part• Applied to features with important Fits/Functions*• Don’t Overuse, Underuse, or Use Incorrectly

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GD&T Relationships: Design, Production/Fabrication and 

Measurement/Inspection = Function

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Geometric Tolerances

Control:*•Form•Orientation•Location

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Weaknesses of Dimensional Tolerancing

• Dimensional Tolerances only Control Size*

• No Common References*• Don’t Control Form or Orientation*

• Not the best way to control Location*

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Weaknesses of Dimensional Tolerancing

• No Common References*• Don’t Control Form or Orientation*

• Are Not the best way to Control Location*

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Geometric Tolerance Controls

• Have Common References*

• Control Form and Orientation*

• Are the Best way to Control Location*

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Geometric Control Zones• Create 2D or 3D Tolerance Zones*

• As Opposed Dimensional Tolerancing Size Ranges (+/‐, Etc)• The Tolerance value represents the width or diameter(s) of the tolerance zone

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Geometric Tolerancing

• 14 Controls in Five Categories• Form

• Straightness• Flatness• Circularity• Cylindricity

• Orientation• Angularity• Parallelism• Perpendicularity

• Location• True Position• Concentricity• Symmetry

• Profile**• Profile of a Line• Profile of a Surface

• Runout**• Circular Runout• Total Runout

** Profile and Runout are Used to Control

•Form•Orientation•Location

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Feature Control Frames• Used to specify geometric tolerances• A feature control frame consists of a rectangular frame divided into two or more compartments

• The first compartment (starting from the left) contains the geometric Control Symbol*

• The second compartment contains the tolerance value, the diameter of the tolerance Zone (if cylindrical) and can contain Material Condition Modifiers*

• Compartment(s) to the Right contain referenced datums (when used)

Simple Complex

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Form Controls

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Form Tolerances• Form tolerances control:

• Straightness *• Flatness *• Circularity • Cylindricity

• The tolerance zones can be Two or Three Dimensional• * Straightness and Flatness can be applied to a Feature or to a Feature of Size (FOS).  (Straightness DML and Flatnes DMP)

• Circularity and Cylindricity are applied to Features Only• Form Controls do not reference Datums

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Inspection Methods for Features• There are many Inspection Methods   • Two Common Types are with a Dial Indicator or Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM)*

• Feature Size is Inspected First (Must be Between MMC & LMC)

Dial Indicator Setup

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Inspection Methods for Features

CMMDial Indicator

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Straightness Applied to a Feature (Surface)

• The Tolerance Zone is Two Dimensional• The Control can be applied to Either Cylindrical or Rectangular Features

• Only applies to surface elements• The symbol is a straight line

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Straightness Applied to a Feature• Straightness is a condition in which the Line Elements of a surface are in a straight line

• The control frame is attached to the Feature with a  Leader

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Straightness Controlling Surface Elements• The Tolerance Zone is two parallel lines*

• The distance between them is the tolerance value stated in the Feature Control Frame

• Often inspected with a Dial Indicator• Each inspection is independent 

• One for each line element• The Indicator is reset between each inspection

• The Full Indicator Movement (FIM)* must not be greater than the tolerance value

Applied to a Cylinder

Applied to a Rectangular

Feature

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Straightness Controlling Surface Elements• Surface Elements Control:

• Concavity• Convexity• Irregularity

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Straightness Controlling Surface Elements

Surface Elements Do Not Control Bending of the Center Axis or Centerplane

Just the surface elements (skin)

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Flatness Applied to a Feature (Surface) 

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Flatness • Flatness is the 3‐D Version of Straightness:

• Applied to Rectangular Features• The Tolerance Zone is Two Parallel Planes*• The distance between the planes is the specified tolerance in the Feature Control Frame

• The entire surface is inspected (not independent checks)

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Flatness• Common Inspection Method

• Flatness Controls in All Directions• Straightness Controls One Direction

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Circularity 

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Circularity• The Tolerance Zone is two Concentric Circles

• The distance between them is the tolerance value stated in the Feature Control Frame

• Often inspected with a Dial Indicator• Each inspection is independent 

• One for reach Circular Line Element or Section

• The Indicator is reset between each inspection

• The Full Indicator Movement (FIM) must not be greater than the tolerance value

Used for O‐Ring Seals, Bearings, Rotating Surfaces, Etc.

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Circularity• Controls “Roundness” of Individual Sections

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Cylindricity 

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Cylindricity• Cylindricity is the 3‐D Version of Circularity:

• The Tolerance Zone is Two Concentric Cylinders

• The distance between the Cylinders is the specified tolerance in the Feature Control Frame

• The entire surface is inspected (not independent checks)*

• Cylindricity can control circularity, surface straightness and taper