Overview and Considerations for aNuclear Plant Power Uprate

Jim Hill NMC

Prairie Island Nuclear Plant

Agenda

• Overview of an Uprate

– Reactor Power

– Turbine/Steam Cycle Optimization (efficiency)

• Drivers of Uprate

• Prairie Island Case Considerations

• Importance of Uprate to Energy Supply

Live steam

Turbine

Generator

Feedwater

Condenser

Cooling waterPump

Feedheating plant

Reactor &Steam Generators

MSR

ReheatPressure

CondenserPressureFinal Feed Temp

Typical Nuclear Steam Cycle

Nuclear Uprate:MWe Sources

LP Turbine efficiency

HP Turbine efficiency

Reactor uprate

Extra Power

Original Equipment Aging Recover aging

Retrofitted Equipment

Steam Cycle/Condenser

Reactor Power Up-Rates

Stretch Power Uprate +7%

+1% in Reactor Thermal Power +0.95% in Generator Output

Appendix K Upgrade (MUR) <2% in Reactor Thermal Power

Extended Power Uprate up to 20%

Reference: www.nrc.gov

Retrofitting is the replacement of all or part of the steam turbine hardware to improve thermal

performance, reliability,

availability, maintainability and environmental impact

Steam Turbine Retrofits

Original Design Retrofit Solution

Retrofit Drivers

Efficiency

Capacity Reliability

…is the integration of new components into existing equipment, within the defined turbine

island boundary conditions

• New components within the turbine island• Part of a bigger project including environmental control

upgrades• Modification of the thermal cycle• Additional output to compensate for

higher plant consumption• Capabilities in the area of the steam turbine island, boiler

and environmental control systems are required

Retrofit Solution Integration

Uprate/Retrofit Drivers• Improved turbine efficiency and plant heat rate• Reduced fuel consumption and emissions• Increased MW capacity

– Meet obligation to provide power – Added revenue

• Improved reliability and availability • Reduced maintenance • Extended turbine life

Significant additional power from an plant that has already been sited and constructed

Prairie Island Case ConsiderationsPINGP

Case

DescriptionMWt/SG

psia/Fuel

Certainty

Certainty RegulatoryApprovalCertainty

Certainty NSSS

Margin

Certainty BOP

Margin

Certainty of

Schedule

Certainty of no

Summer Derate

Potential

MWe Cost

1 1811/760/HB H H H H H H H

2 1811/810/HB H H H M H H H

3 1811/810/HBw/Steam

Cycle Optimization

M M H M H M H

4 1860/810/HB-IFM

M M-L

M M M L M

5 2100/850/16X16

L L L L L L L

TradeoffsNSSS – Reactor and Steam Supply• Less fuel efficiency with higher steam pressure• Incrementally closer to limits (less operating

margin)BOP – Turbine Generator and Electrical System• More efficiency requires more complexity

(integration of design and implementation) and cost• Incrementally closer to limits (less operating

margin)

Margin can be regained through additional changes

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Mature Market EconomiesTransitional EconomiesEmerging Economies

Projected growth in GDP over the next two decades:

2.5% Mature Market Economies

4.4% Transitional Economies5.1% Emerging Economies

World Marketed EnergyConsumption by Region

Increase of 57% Over Only 23 Years

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Qu

adri

llio

n B

tu

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2002 2010 2015 2020 2025

Figure 1. World Marketed Energy Consumption by Region, 1970-2025

Mature Market Economies Transitional Economies Emerging Economies

History Projections

World Net ElectricityConsumption by Region

World Electricity Consumption will Nearly Double

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Bill

ion

Kill

ow

atth

ou

rs

2002 2010 2015 2020 2025

Figure 2. World Net Electricity Consumption by Region, 2002-2025

Mature Market Economies Transitional Economies Emerging Economies

History Projections

Emerging economies: annular growth of 4% versus 2.6% world wide

Environment: A Top Priority

“Environmental questions are amongst my top 3

operational issues”

0

20

40

60

80

100

US Europe Asia

% o

f re

spo

nd

ents

Source: Customer interviews

Increasing Environmental Awareness Worldwide

28 % of Installed Capacity is Older than 30 Years

2004 1974 Year ofCommission

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46

Others

Hydro

Nuclear

Conventional Steam

Gas Plant (GT & CC)

Age of Power Plant

Source: ALSTOM, UDI

GW

Technology Share of Old Fleet > 30 Years

1%

30%

4%

60%

5%

Tot. Installed: 4100 GW

Old Fleet: 1138 GW

World Installed Capacityby Age and Technology

1994 1984 1964

Past Technology is Still in Operation

World Installed Capacityby Age and Region

2%

36%

43%3%

3%13%

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46

ChinaAsia excl. ChinaSouth & Central AmericaMiddle East & AfricaNorth AmericaEurope

GW

Old Fleet: 1138 GW

Tot. Installed: 4100 GW

Source: ALSTOM, UDI

28 % of Installed Capacity is Older than 30 Years

2004 1974 Year ofCommission

Age of Power Plant

1994 1984 1964

Technology Share of Old Fleet > 30 Years

Global Steam Turbine Retrofit Market Forecast

China, India, S-E Asia and Russia Progressively Become More Important

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Mar

ket

Vo

lum

e (M

Eu

ro)

01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07f 07-08f 08/09f

Mature Market Economies Transitional Economies Emerging Economies

History Projections

Commissioning dateIncludes steam turbines >100MW at coal fired stations

0,00

5.000,00

10.000,00

15.000,00

20.000,00

25.000,00

1947 1957 1967 1977 1987 1997

Inst

alle

d c

apac

ity

(MW

)

older than 20 years315 Gigawatts or 95% of coal fired units are older than 20 years

Retrofit Market USA

Retrofit Market USA Mature market economy Important retrofit market Very competitive business environment for the

utilities Major spending for environmental control

systems Coal fired and nuclear units operate at high

utilization factors

Questions?

More information at:Nuclear Energy Institutewww.nei.orgNuclear Regulatory Commissionwww.nrc.gov

Thank You!