Overpopulation [Health Economics]

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUE RELATED TO HEALTH OVERPOPULATION OVERPOPULATION OVERPOPULATION Socio-economic Issue Related to Health

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BMLS 2D - Group 3 - Fortuno, Sunga, Tendencia, Delos Santos, Masculino

Transcript of Overpopulation [Health Economics]

Page 1: Overpopulation [Health Economics]

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUE RELATED TO HEALTH

OVERPOPULATIONOVERPOPULATIONOVERPOPULATION

Socio-economic Issue Related to Health

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What is Overpopulation?

Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of the Earth.

It is a function of the number of individuals compared to the relevant resources, such as water and essential nutrients they need to survive.

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Two Types of Overpopulation

People Overpopulationo Due to overpopulation,

people consume too few resources resulting in malnutrition.

o Occurs in developing countries.

Consumption Overpopulationo Occurs when people

consume too large of a share of resources resulting in pollution.

o Occurs in developed countries.

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Causes of Overpopulation

Decline in Death RateBetter Medical FacilitiesMore hands to Overcome PovertyTechnological Advancement in Fertility

TreatmentImmigrationLack of Family Planning

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Decline in Death Rate

Low death rateHigh birth rate

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Better Medical Facilities

Better means of producing food.

Discoveries which defeat a whole range of diseases.

Some illnesses were cured because of the invention of vaccines.

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More Hands to Overcome Poverty

Families that have been through poverty, natural disasters, or are simply in need of more hands to work are a major factor for overpopulation. • As compared to earlier

times, most of these extra children survive and consume resources that are not sufficient in nature.

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Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment

It has become possible for couple who are unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies.

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Immigration

Many people prefer to move to developed countries where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education, security, and employment.

The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become overcrowded.

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Lack of Family Planning

Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live below poverty line, and have little or no knowledge about family planning.

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Effects of Overpopulation

Positive Effects More progress Larger Workforce Economic Growth

Negative Effects Resource Scarcity Environmental Damage Rise in Unemployment High Cost of Living Food

Shortages/Starvation Water Supply

Contamination Easily Spread Diseases Rising Conflicts

Between Territories

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Positive Effects

More ProgressThe more the people

that there are, the more ideas that they can produce which help the world progress within technology, science, and beliefs.

Larger WorkforceMore people means

more work could be done. The larger the population also open ups the opportunities for new work and work roles to make an appearance.

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Positive Effects

Economic GrowthIncrease in the number or

people increases the demand and purchase of products such as food, clothing, education-related expenses, etc. which help in the flow of the economy.

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Negative Effects

Resource Scarcity

In areas of tremendous population growth, fossil fuels, timber, water, and arable land can become scarce because of overconsumption and degradation.

Environmental Damage

• Increase in population also increases the consumption of energy for transportation, heat, food production, and other activities that generates air, land, and water pollution.

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Negative Effects

Rise in Unemployment

• When a country becomes overpopulated, it gives rise to unemployment as there fewer jobs to support large number of people.

High Cost of Living

As difference between demand and supply continues to expand due to overpopulation, it raises the prices of various commodities including food, shelter, and healthcare.

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Negative Effects

Food Shortages/Starvation

More people, more food consumption.

Limited food supply.

Water Supply Contamination

Due to lack of residential lots, people, especially in the urban areas live near bodies of water like rivers.

Factories and industrial buildings releases chemicals to bodies of water.

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Negative Effects

Easily Spread Diseases

Communicable diseases can easily spread when people are closer to each other.

Rising Conflicts Between Territories

Because of limited resources, people compete with each other resulting in conflicts.

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WORLDASIA

PHILIPPINES

Statistical Updates

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Population of the World

Figure 1. 2014 World Population ClockPopulation Reference Bureau

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Figure 2. 10 Most Populous Countries in 2014Population Reference Bureau

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Figure 3. Projected 1950-2050 Population of the WorldU.S. Census Bureau

According to the United Nation’s World Population Prospect report, the world population is currently growing by approximately 74 million people per year.

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Population of Asia

Figure 4. Population of Asia in 2014Population Reference Bureau

Mid-2014 Populatio

n(in

millions)

Births per 1000

Deaths per

1000

Rate of Natural

Increase(%)

Mid-2050 Projected

Population (in millions)

Asia 4 351 18 7 1.1 5 252

Western Asia

255 22 5 1.7 387

South Central

1 874 22 7 1.6 2 516

Central 67 24 6 1.8 93

South 1806 22 7 1.5 2 422

Southeast 621 19 7 1.3 831

East 1601 12 7 0.4 1 519

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Figure 5. 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia as of 2014

World Population Statistics

Top 10 Most Populous Countries in Asia (2013)

Rank Country Population

1 China 1,357,379,000

2 India 1,257,476,000

3 Indonesia 248,731,000

4 Pakistan 183,936,000

5 Bangladesh 154,514,000

6 Japan 127,223,000

7 Philippines 98,007,000

8 Vietnam 89,702,000

9 Iran 76,789,000

10 Turkey 76,081,000

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Population of the Philippines

Figure 6.2. Population of the Philippines in 2014Population Reference Bureau

Mid-2014 population (in millions)

Figure 6.1. Population of the Philippines in 2010Philippines Statistics Authority

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Rank Region Name Population

1 Region 4A (CALABARZON) 12, 609, 803

2 NCR 11,855,975

3 Region 3 (Central Luzon) 10,137,737

4 Region 6 (Western Visayas) 7,102,438

5 Region 7 (Central Visayas) 6,800,180

6 Region 5 (Bicol Region) 5,420,411

7 Region 1 (Ilocos Region) 4,748,372

8 Region 11 (Davao Region) 4,468,503

9Region 10 (Northern Mindanao

Region)4,297,323

10 Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN) 4,109,571Figure 7. 10 Most Populous Regions in the Philippines as of 2014

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Figure 8. Projected Population of the Philippines from 2000-2040

Philippines Statistics Authority

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Policy Recommendations

Making people aware of Family Planning. Raising awareness among people regarding family planning and letting them know about serious after effects of overpopulation can help curb population growth.

Tax Benefits or Concessions. Making provisions in taxation that favor families with none or limited number or children.

Knowledge of Sex Education. Imparting sex education to young kids so that they can be aware of the effects of having children at a young age.

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Policy Recommendations

Family Planning Program that include a “persuasion” element to encourage couples to adopt a small family size norm.

Incentives and disincentives. These involves eliminating all implicit subsidies for large families; offering financial or other incentives for small families; imposing disincentives for large families.

Birth quotas imposed on families.Government commitment to decreasing

population growth.

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China: Most Populous Country in the World

“One Child Per Family Policy” (1979) Citizens must obtain a birth certificate before

the birth of their children. The citizens would be offered special benefits if

they agreed to have only one child. Citizens who did have more than one child

would either be taxed an amount up to fifty percent of their income, or punished by loss of employment or other benefits

Unplanned pregnancies or pregnancies without the proper authorization would need to be terminated.

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China: Most Populous Country in the World

Birth Control Programs & Economical Changes. In the early '80's, sterilization target goals

were set and made mandatory for people who had two children. At its peak in 1983, tubal ligations, vasectomies, and abortions amounted to thirty-five percent of the total birth control methods.

The economy changed from primarily one of agriculture to industry. The government used this to its advantage; spreading the view that economic growth would hinder population growth.

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Philippines Population Control and Management Policies

Establishment of POPCOM (Commission on Population) 1967 by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos Executive Order 171

The Population Act RA 6365 (1971) Made family planning part of a strategy for national

development.The Population Management Program

Pres. Ramos (1993) Policymakers and politicians began to focus on “reproductive

health”.Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning

Program Promote natural family planning, birth spacing, and

breastfeeding.

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END

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Prepared by:

Denn Andrew FortunoJoshua Kris SungaKarlo Tendencia

Junamay Delos SantosJerlyn Anne Masculino

BMLS 2D